{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":1376,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T05:44:05Z","timestamp":1773467045671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While economic sanctions are successful in achieving political goals, they can hurt the civilian population. These negative effects could be even more detrimental and long lasting for future generations. This study estimates the effects of economic sanctions on children\u2019s education by exploiting the United Nations sanctions imposed on Iran in 2006. Using the variation in the strength of sanctions across industries and difference-in-differences with synthetic control analyses, this study finds that the sanctions decreased children\u2019s total years of schooling by 0.1\u00a0years and the probability of attending college by 4.8 percentage points. Moreover, households reduced education spending by 58 percent\u2014particularly on school tuition. These effects are larger for children who were exposed to the sanctions for longer. The results imply that sanctions have a larger effect on the income of children than their parents. Therefore, ignoring the effects of sanctions on future generations significantly understates their total economic costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhab024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T11:13:44Z","timestamp":1631272424000},"page":"269-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Intergenerational Effects of Economic Sanctions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Safoura","family":"Moeeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regina, Regina, Canada"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.20191450","article-title":"Using Synthetic Controls: Feasibility, Data Requirements, and Methodological Aspects","volume":"59","author":"Abadie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"490","key":"2022051001555023600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2009.ap08746","article-title":"Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California\u2019s Tobacco Control Program","volume":"105","author":"Abadie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12116","article-title":"Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method","volume":"59","author":"Abadie","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803321455188","article-title":"The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country","volume":"93","author":"Abadie","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2016.03.007","article-title":"An Empirical Analysis of Household Education Expenditures in Turkey","volume":"51","author":"Acar","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2921(01)00115-5","article-title":"Changes in the Wage Structure, Family Income, and Children\u2019S Education","volume":"45","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2020.103587","article-title":"The Sword and the Shield: The Economics of Targeted Sanctions","volume":"130","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib8","first-page":"86","article-title":"Parents\u2019 Incomes and Children\u2019s Outcomes: A Quasi-Experiment Using Transfer Payments from Casino Profits","volume":"2","author":"Akee","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib9","volume-title":"Sanctioning Iran: Anatomy of a Failed Policy","author":"Alikhani","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib10","first-page":"207","article-title":"Channeling Remittances to Education: A Field Experiment among Migrants from El Salvador","volume":"7","author":"Ambler","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2014.10.007","article-title":"A Mapping of Labor Mobility Costs in the Developing World","volume":"95","author":"Artuc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib12","first-page":"7","article-title":"US Economic Sanctions: Lessons from the Iranian Experience","volume":"36","author":"Askari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Business Economics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051001555023600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20120901","article-title":"Endogenous Skill Acquisition and Export Manufacturing in Mexico","volume":"106","author":"Atkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2012.09.003","article-title":"Are Girls the Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation of Education Expenditure","volume":"42","author":"Azam","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051001555023600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/0143659022000028530","article-title":"The Composite Approach: Research Design in the Context of War and Armed Conflict","volume":"23","author":"Barakat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1086\/697477","article-title":"The Long-Term Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Children\u2019s Education and Employment Outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Bastian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"issue":"3, Part 2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/298118","article-title":"Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families","volume":"4","author":"Becker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib18","article-title":"Synthetic Controls with Staggered Adoption","author":"Ben-Michael","year":"2021","journal-title":"National Bureau of Economic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol31-No1-7","article-title":"The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Economic Growth of Selected MENA Countries","volume":"31","author":"Berument","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Energy Journal"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2017.03.004","article-title":"Globalization and Human Capital Investment: Export Composition Drives Educational Attainment","volume":"106","author":"Blanchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/grh014","article-title":"Family Income and Educational Attainment: A Review of Approaches and Evidence for Britain","volume":"20","author":"Blanden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjw014","article-title":"Shocking Behavior: Random Wealth in Antebellum Georgia and Human Capital across Generations","volume":"131","author":"Bleakley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/13569775.2015.1112951","article-title":"International Sanctions Against Iran and Tehran\u2019s Responses: Political Effects on the Targeted Regime","volume":"22","author":"Borszik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemporary Politics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ectj\/utz001","article-title":"On the Role of Covariates in the Synthetic Control Method","volume":"22","author":"Botosaru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econometrics Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051001555023600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2006.07.006","article-title":"Cohort Crowding: How Resources Affect Collegiate Attainment","volume":"91","author":"Bound","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051001555023600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1162\/JEEA.2009.7.6.1169","article-title":"Shocks, Stocks, and Socks: Smoothing Consumption over a Temporary Income Loss","volume":"7","author":"Browning","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib27","first-page":"1797","article-title":"Household Saving: Micro Theories and Micro Facts","volume":"34","author":"Browning","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20171272","article-title":"Parental Resources and College Attendance: Evidence from Lottery Wins","volume":"111","author":"Bulman","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1086\/321014","article-title":"The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males","volume":"109","author":"Cameron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib79","volume-title":"A Political Economy of the Middle East","author":"Cammett","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2011.11.004","article-title":"The Role of Educational Quality and Quantity in the Process of Economic Development","volume":"31","author":"Castell\u00f3-Climent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.122.2.831","article-title":"Consumption Commitments and Risk Preferences","volume":"122","author":"Chetty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2010.04.015","article-title":"Parental Job Loss and the Education Enrollment of Youth","volume":"18","author":"Coelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051001555023600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.5.1927","article-title":"The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit","volume":"102","author":"Dahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jae.a036737","article-title":"Saving and Income Smoothing in Cote D\u2019Ivoire","volume":"1","author":"Deaton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of African Economies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib35","first-page":"312","article-title":"An Almost Ideal Demand System","volume":"70","author":"Deaton","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2019.102375","article-title":"The Effect of Parental Job Loss on Child School Dropout: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territories","volume":"141","author":"Di Maio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w22791","article-title":"Balancing, Regression, Difference-in-Differences and Synthetic Control Methods: A Synthesis","author":"Doudchenko","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib39","article-title":"On Target? The Incidence of Sanctions across Listed Firms in Iran","author":"Draca","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.4.795","article-title":"Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment","volume":"91","author":"Duflo","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2006.11.004","article-title":"Effects of Economic Shocks on Children\u2019s Employment and Schooling in Brazil","volume":"84","author":"Duryea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2727(94)90040-X","article-title":"The Effects of Compulsory Schooling on Growth, Income Distribution and Welfare","volume":"54","author":"Eckstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1257\/0895330053147895","article-title":"Child Labor in the Global Economy","volume":"19","author":"Edmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2004.04.001","article-title":"The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Child Labor","volume":"65","author":"Edmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib45","first-page":"42","article-title":"Trade Adjustment and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Indian Tariff Reform","volume":"2","author":"Edmonds","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2022051001555023600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1162\/JEEA.2009.7.2-3.498","article-title":"Child Labor and Schooling in a Globalizing World: Some Evidence from Urban India","volume":"7","author":"Edmonds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib47","first-page":"679","article-title":"The Welfare Effects of Economic Sanctions on Final Consumers of Goods and Services in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Ezzati","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental and Science Education"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib48","article-title":"Economic Sanctions and Primary School Enrollment in Iraq","author":"Farjo","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051001555023600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2011.05.005","article-title":"Oil Revenue Shocks and Government Spending Behavior in Iran","volume":"33","author":"Farzanegan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2008.09.003","article-title":"The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Iranian Economy","volume":"31","author":"Farzanegan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib51","article-title":"Synthetic Controls with Imperfect Pre-Treatment Fit","author":"Ferman","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib51a","author":"Government Budget Documents"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib52","article-title":"Intergenerational Mobility in the US and Abroad: Quantile and Mean Regression Measures","author":"Grawe","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2011.03.002","article-title":"Does Household Income Matter for Children\u2019s Schooling? Evidence for Rural Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"30","author":"Grimm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib54","article-title":"Fiscal Response to Fluctuating Oil Revenues in Oil Exporting Countries of the Middle East","author":"Habibi","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib55","first-page":"31","article-title":"The Economics of Inequality: The Value of Early Childhood Education","volume":"35","author":"Heckman","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Educator"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib56","first-page":"247","article-title":"Parental Job Loss and Children\u2019s Long-Term Outcomes: Evidence from 7 Million Fathers\u2019 Layoffs","volume":"8","author":"Hilger","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib57","article-title":"Case 2006-1 UN, US [EU] v. Iran (2006-: Proliferation)","volume-title":"Case Studies in Economic Sanctions and Terrorism","author":"Hufbauer","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib58","article-title":"Economic Sanctions: New Directions for the 21st Century","author":"Hufbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peerson Institute for International Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib58a","first-page":"51","article-title":"The Household Education Expenditure Ratio: Exploring the Importance of Education","volume":"1","author":"Huston","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Family Economics and Resource Management Biennial division of the AAFCS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib59","first-page":"59","article-title":"Determinants of Educational Expenditure in Vietnam","volume":"9","author":"Huy","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib60","first-page":"107","article-title":"Fiscal Policy and MPC Heterogeneity","volume":"6","author":"Jappelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051001555023600_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.5.1589","article-title":"Household Expenditure and the Income Tax Rebates of 2001","volume":"96","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"379","key":"2022051001555023600_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-0209.2011.00379_2.x","article-title":"Violent Conflict and Human Capital Accumulation","volume":"2011","author":"Justino","year":"2011","journal-title":"IDS Working Papers"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2014.12.011","article-title":"The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Disease Specific Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Thalassemia and Hemophilia in Iran","volume":"119","author":"Karimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9902-x","article-title":"Does Higher Education Expansion Reduce Credentialism and Gender Discrimination in Education?","volume":"109","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.06.002","article-title":"Family Income and Children\u2019s Education: Using the Norwegian Oil Boom as a Natural Experiment","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f8ken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib66","first-page":"1","article-title":"What Linear Estimators Miss: The Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes","volume":"4","author":"L\u00f8ken","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1086\/660775","article-title":"The Effect of Liquid Housing Wealth on College Enrollment","volume":"29","author":"Lovenheim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/jhr.2013.0001","article-title":"The Effect of Housing Wealth on College Choice: Evidence from the Housing Boom","volume":"48","author":"Lovenheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib69","first-page":"435","article-title":"Randomization Inference for Difference-In-Differences With Few Treated Clusters","volume-title":"Journal of Econometrics","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib70","first-page":"242","article-title":"Cash-on-Hand and College Enrollment: Evidence from Population Tax Data and the Earned Income Tax Credit","volume":"10","author":"Manoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib71","author":"Meier","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Efforts to Solve the Conflict over Iran\u2019s Nuclear Programme: How Has the European Union Performed?"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib71a","author":"Ministry of Education of Iran"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib71b","author":"Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051001555023600_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/0376835X.2013.859066","article-title":"Rural\u2013Urban Differences in Parental Spending on Children\u2019s Primary Education in Malawi","volume":"30","author":"Mussa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development Southern Africa"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1086\/588493","article-title":"The Intergenerational Effects of Worker Displacement","volume":"26","author":"Oreopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2014.06.006","article-title":"The Impact of Parental Layoff on Higher Education Investment","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib75","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Humanitarian Impact of Economic Sanctions","volume":"10","author":"Petrescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europolity"},{"issue":"24","key":"2022051001555023600_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1080\/00036841003636292","article-title":"Educational Expenditure in Urban China: Income Effects, Family Characteristics and the Demand for Domestic and Overseas Education","volume":"43","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051001555023600_bib77","first-page":"109","article-title":"The Performance of Private and Public Schools in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province","volume":"19","author":"Rabiei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educational Innovations (in Persian)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib78","first-page":"27","article-title":"Estimates of Labor Mobility Costs in a Structural Model of Iran Economy","volume":"55","author":"Rahmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat-E-Eghtesadi)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1057\/ces.2012.41","article-title":"Education, Jobs, and Equity in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"54","author":"Salehi-Isfahani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comparative Economic Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10888-013-9263-6","article-title":"Equality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"12","author":"Salehi-Isfahani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Inequality"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2307\/2296725","article-title":"The Effect of Uncertainty on Saving Decisions","volume":"37","author":"Sandmo","year":"1970","journal-title":"Review of Economic Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-005-0005-3","article-title":"Job Loss and Family Adjustments in Work and Schooling during the Mexican Peso Crisis","volume":"19","author":"Skoufias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Population Economics"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib83a","author":"Statistical Centre of Iran, Indicators"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051001555023600_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1162\/003465301750160018","article-title":"The Long-Run Consumption Effects of Earnings Shocks","volume":"83","author":"Stephens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.2.241","article-title":"The Consumption Response to Predictable Changes in Discretionary Income: Evidence from the Repayment of Vehicle Loans","volume":"90","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051001555023600_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2005.02.003","article-title":"Demand for Education in Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures","volume":"25","author":"Tansel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib86a","article-title":"the World Education Forum report for Iran","author":"UNESCO","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib87b","author":"US Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew report","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051001555023600_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lht010","article-title":"Schooling, Violent Conflict, and Gender in Burundi","volume":"28","author":"Verwimp","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Bank Economic Review"},{"key":"2022051001555023600_bib87a","article-title":"World Bank Open Data","author":"World Bank"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051001555023600_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1086\/676661","article-title":"The Returns to College Admission for Academically Marginal Students","volume":"32","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Labor Economics"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/36\/2\/269\/43624694\/lhab024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/36\/2\/269\/43624694\/lhab024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T05:17:38Z","timestamp":1725772658000},"score":18.249878,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article\/36\/2\/269\/6409472"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhab024","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T16:40:35Z","timestamp":1655397635145},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhw008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T00:34:03Z","timestamp":1459298043000},"page":"lhw008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Should Human Rights Law Play a Role in Development?"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Posner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler M. D. , Posner E. A. . 2006. New Foundations of Cost-Benefit Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1nzfgqt"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.2","unstructured":"Alston P. et al . 2014. Letter to Jim Yong Kim, http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Issues\/EPoverty\/WorldBank.pdf ."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.3","unstructured":"Carothers T . 2003. \u201cPromoting the Rule of Law Abroad: The Problem of Knowledge.\u201d Carnegie Endowment, Working Papers."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.4","unstructured":"Carothers T , 2006. \u201cPromoting the Rule of Law Abroad: In Search of Knowledge.\u201d Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chilton A. C. , Posner Eric A. . 2016. \u201cThe Influence of History on States\u2019 Compliance with Human Rights Obligations.\u201d Va. J. Int'l L. (forthcoming).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2573330"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hrq.0.0141"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.7","unstructured":"Dam K. W. 2006. The Law-Growth Nexus: The Rule of Law and Economic Development. Washington, DC: Brooking Institution Press."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055414000070"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/797642"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.10","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. 2015a. \u201cAt Your Own Risk: Reprisals against Critics of World Bank Group Projects.\u201d http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/worldBank0615_4Up.pdf ."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.11","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. 2015b. \u201cWorld Bank's Draft Environmental and Social Framework.\u201d https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2015\/04\/07\/human-rights-watch-submission-world-banks-draft-environmental-and-social-framework ."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043887112000044"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nussbaum M. C. 2011. Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674061200"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.14","unstructured":"Posner E. A. 2014. The Twilight of International Human Rights Law. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.15","unstructured":"Sarfaty G. A. 2012. Values in Translation: Human Rights and the Culture of the World Bank. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.16","unstructured":"Sen A . 1999. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Press."},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simmons B. A. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811340"},{"key":"2016032917334453000_lhw008v1.18","unstructured":"World Bank. Environmental and Social Framework, First Draft for Consultation, July 30, 2014. http:\/\/consultations.worldbank.org\/Data\/hub\/files\/consultation-template\/review-and-update-world-bank-safeguard-policies\/en\/materials\/first_draft_framework_july_30_2014.pdf ."}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T16:01:21Z","timestamp":1655395281000},"score":15.919667,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/lhw008"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/lhw008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhw008","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:33:22Z","timestamp":1766086402715},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/5.1.85","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,3]],"date-time":"2007-01-03T15:26:28Z","timestamp":1167837988000},"page":"85-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Introduction: Agricultural Taxation and Land Rights Systems"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Hoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/85\/4736873\/5-1-85.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:34:58Z","timestamp":1503534898000},"score":11.984393,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.85"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.85","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:14:14Z","timestamp":1764782054204},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.93","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1438928450000},"page":"93-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Establishing Property Rights"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Andrei","family":"Shleifer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/93\/7573915\/wber8-0093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T21:25:58Z","timestamp":1503523558000},"score":11.84395,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.93"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.93"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.93","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T04:11:10Z","timestamp":1746159070363,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Land disputes are unavoidable and costly to resolve in the formal courts in contexts with weak property rights and low state capacity. In order to relax the pressure on strained formal courts, many countries permit parallel informal dispute-resolution forums. This paper studies the extent to which one such forum\u2014Chiefdom Land Committees (CLCs)\u2014in Sierra Leone is able to resolve land disputes. This paper constructs a data set of ligated cases at local courts across the country and implements a difference-in-difference design to estimate the effect of the CLCs on land caseload in the formal courts. Contrary to the policy goals, this paper finds that on average, chiefdoms with CLCs have higher land caseload in the formal courts three years on. By adopting the CLCs, chiefdoms plausibly made land issues more salient, but, instead of providing final resolutions, CLCs are conduits for the formalization of land disputes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T09:05:42Z","timestamp":1720083942000},"page":"341-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chiefs, Courts, and Upholding Property Rights: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7480-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Musa","family":"Kpaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minister of Agriculture and Food Security , Freetown ,","place":["Sierra Leone"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3\/4","key":"2025050111123322200_bib1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Lumpen Youth Culture and Political Violence: Sierra Leoneans Debate the RUF and the Civil War","volume":"22","author":"Abdullah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Africa Development\/Afrique et D\u00e9veloppement"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025050111123322200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1086\/707765","article-title":"Trust in State and Nonstate Actors: Evidence from Dispute Resolution in Pakistan","volume":"128","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025050111123322200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/674988","article-title":"Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone","volume":"122","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4j72","volume-title":"Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist\u2019s Companion","author":"Angrist","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025050111123322200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2307\/3145008","article-title":"African Land Reform Policies: The Case of Sierra Leone","volume":"50","author":"Barrows","year":"1974","journal-title":"Land Economics"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52944-2.00006-9","article-title":"Property Rights and Economic Development","volume-title":"Handbook of Development Economics","author":"Besley","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055413000543","article-title":"How to Promote Order and Property Rights under Weak Rule of Law? An Experiment in Changing Dispute Resolution Behavior through Community Education","volume":"108","author":"Blattman","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Political Science Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10402650802689997","article-title":"Hybrid Political Orders, Not Fragile States","volume":"21","author":"Boege","year":"2009","journal-title":"Peace Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001972012000770","article-title":"Land Regimes and the Structure of Politics: Patterns of Land-Related Conflict","volume":"83","author":"Boone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Africa"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025050111123322200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2015.1119119","article-title":"Conflicts of Customary Land Tenure in Rural Africa: Is Large-Scale Land Acquisition a Driver of \u2018Institutional Innovation\u2019?","volume":"43","author":"Bottazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Peasant Studies"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w11454","article-title":"Labor Supply Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Evidence from Wisconsin Supplemental Benefit for Families with Three Children","author":"Cancian","year":"2005"},{"article-title":"Customary Law and Policy Reform: Engaging with the Plurality of Justice Systems","year":"2005","author":"Chirayath","key":"2025050111123322200_bib13"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/joac.12201","article-title":"Revisiting the World Bank\u2019s Land Law Reform Agenda in Africa: The Promise and Perils of Customary Practices","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Agrarian Change"},{"article-title":"Now That the Sierra Leone Land Policy 2015 Has Been Officially Launched \u2013 An Open Letter to President Koroma","year":"2015","author":"Conteh","key":"2025050111123322200_bib15"},{"issue":"50","key":"2025050111123322200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07329113.2004.10756576","article-title":"Access to Justice and Land Disputes in Ghana\u2019s State Courts: The Litigants\u2019 Perspective","volume":"36","author":"Crook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050111123322200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejw001","article-title":"Who Benefits from Customary Justice? Rent-Seeking, Bribery and Criminality in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"25","author":"D\u2019Aoust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of African Economies"},{"volume-title":"Investment and Income Effects of Land Regularization: The Case of Nicaragua","year":"1999","author":"Deininger","key":"2025050111123322200_bib18"},{"article-title":"Access to Justice and Economic Development: Evidence from an International Panel Dataset","year":"2019","author":"Deseau","key":"2025050111123322200_bib19"},{"issue":"418","key":"2025050111123322200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adi091","article-title":"On the Limits of Liberal Peace: Chiefs and Democratic Decentralization in Post-War Sierra Leone","volume":"105","author":"Fanthorpe","year":"2006","journal-title":"African Affairs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/5.1.135","article-title":"Land Tenure and Property Rights: Theory and Implications for Development Policy","volume":"5","author":"Feder","year":"1991","journal-title":"World Bank Economic Review"},{"volume-title":"Outline of Native Law in Sierra","year":"1951","author":"Fenton","key":"2025050111123322200_bib22"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025050111123322200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1086\/595561","article-title":"The Profits of Power: Land Rights and Agricultural Investment in Ghana","volume":"116","author":"Goldstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025050111123322200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjt056","article-title":"The Agricultural Productivity Gap","volume":"129","author":"Gollin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"volume-title":"The Constitution of Sierra Leone","year":"1991","author":"Government of Sierra Leone","key":"2025050111123322200_bib25"},{"article-title":"National Land Policy of Sierra Leone","year":"2015","author":"Government of Sierra Leone","key":"2025050111123322200_bib26"},{"volume-title":"Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World","year":"2007","author":"Haggblade","key":"2025050111123322200_bib27"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w24482","article-title":"Engineering Informal Institutions: Long-Run Impacts of Alternative Dispute Resolution on Violence and Property Rights in Liberia","author":"Hartman","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780440408.005","article-title":"Land in Return, Reintegration and Recovery Processes: Some Lessons from the Great Lakes Region of Africa","volume-title":"Uncharted Territory: Land, Conflict and Humanitarian Action","author":"Huggins","year":"2009"},{"issue":"422","key":"2025050111123322200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adl038","article-title":"Reshuffling an Old Deck of Cards? The Politics of Local Government Reform in Sierra Leone","volume":"106","author":"Jackson","year":"2007","journal-title":"African Affairs"},{"article-title":"Reforming the Customary Land Tenure System in Sierra Leone: A Proposal","year":"2011","author":"Johnson","key":"2025050111123322200_bib32"},{"article-title":"An assessment of land reform policy processes in Sierra Leone: A network based approach (No. WP2019-04)","year":"2019","author":"Kanu","key":"2025050111123322200_bib33"},{"article-title":"Ambitious SDG Goal Confronts Challenging Realities: Access to Justice Is Still Elusive for Many Africans","year":"2017","author":"Logan","key":"2025050111123322200_bib34"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025050111123322200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098015603569","article-title":"Land Conflict in Peri-urban Areas: Exploring the Effects of Land Reform on Informal Settlement in Mexico","volume":"53","author":"Lombard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050111123322200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/10246029.2002.9627964","article-title":"Politics, War and Youth Culture in Sierra Leone: An Alternative Interpretation","volume":"11","author":"McIntyre","year":"2002","journal-title":"African Security Studies"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peri-urban Land Governance in Developing Countries: Understanding the Role, Interaction and Power Relation among Actors in Tanzania","volume-title":"Urban Forum","author":"Nuhu","year":"2019"},{"article-title":"Land and Pro-Poor Change in Sierra Leone","year":"2006","author":"Oredola-Davies","key":"2025050111123322200_bib38"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050111123322200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/19962126.2008.11864970","article-title":"Consolidating Peace: Rule of Law Institutions and Local Justice Practices in Sierra Leone","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"South African Journal on Human Rights"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib40","first-page":"393","article-title":"Alternative Dispute Resolution in Africa: Is ADR the Bridge between Traditional and Modern Dispute Resolution","volume":"18","author":"Price","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pepp. Disp. Resol. LJ"},{"volume-title":"Land Tenure in Sierra Leone: The Law, Dualism and the Making of a Land Policy","year":"2010","author":"Renner-Thomas","key":"2025050111123322200_bib41"},{"issue":"417","key":"2025050111123322200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adi068","article-title":"To Fight or to Farm? Agrarian Dimensions of the Mano River Conflicts (Liberia and Sierra Leone)","volume":"104","author":"Richards","year":"2005","journal-title":"African Affairs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2017.1350099","article-title":"Large-Scale Land Deals in Sierra Leone at the Intersection of Gender and Lineage","volume":"39","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"428","key":"2025050111123322200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adn039","article-title":"Remove or Reform? A Case for (Restructuring) Chiefdom Governance in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone","volume":"107","author":"Sawyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Affairs"},{"volume-title":"Sierra Leone-Justice Sector and the Rule of Law","year":"2014","author":"Suma","key":"2025050111123322200_bib45"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050111123322200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/isr\/vix060","article-title":"Legal Pluralism in Theory and Practice","volume":"20","author":"Swenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Studies Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1876404511100019","article-title":"The Rule of Law and Legal Pluralism in Development","volume":"3","author":"Tamanaha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hague Journal on the Rule of Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025050111123322200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022278X00053301","article-title":"Conflict and Violence in Contemporary Sierra Leone Chiefdoms","volume":"14","author":"Tangri","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Modern African Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050111123322200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2008.07.006","article-title":"Securing Land and Property Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Local Institutions","volume":"26","author":"Toulmin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib50","article-title":"Land Tenure, Food Security and Investment in Postwar Sierra Leone","volume":"22","author":"Unruh","year":"2006","journal-title":"FAO LSP WP"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025050111123322200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/land8060088","article-title":"War-Induced Displacement: Hard Choices in Land Governance","volume":"8","author":"van\u00a0der\u00a0Haar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2015.10.011","article-title":"Theorizing the Land\u2013Violent Conflict Nexus","volume":"78","author":"van\u00a0Leeuwen","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Development"},{"volume-title":"\u201cEconometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data.\u201d","year":"2002","author":"Wooldridge","key":"2025050111123322200_bib53"},{"key":"2025050111123322200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-6807-7","volume-title":"World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development","author":"World Bank G.","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/39\/2\/341\/58437050\/lhae026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/39\/2\/341\/58437050\/lhae026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T15:13:17Z","timestamp":1746112397000},"score":11.682669,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article\/39\/2\/341\/7705880"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhae026","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0258-6770"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1564-698X"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T20:48:45Z","timestamp":1771188525883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This paper delves into the subnational relationship between free trade agreements (FTAs) and human development worldwide. Utilizing a difference-in-differences and an event-study approach with high-spatial-resolution land-cover data and a comprehensive time series of national-level FTA indicators for 207 countries, the study quantifies the effects of FTAs on subnational development. The findings indicate a small negative impact of FTAs on the Human Development Index but a notable positive impact on economic activity, with urbanized regions benefiting the most. Unequal and more vulnerable regions grapple with declining human development indicators. The depth of FTAs does not sway these outcomes. These patterns raise questions about the inclusivity and equitable distribution of the benefits of trade liberalization. While prior literature has examined the national implications of FTAs, this paper provides insight into the subnational repercussions of FTAs and emphasizes the role of inequality in hindering holistic developmental benefits from FTAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhae018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T23:02:17Z","timestamp":1712358137000},"page":"61-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Free Trade and Subnational Development: Economic Activity and Human Welfare"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Cruzatti C","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) , Erasmus University Rotterdam,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Human\u00edsticas, Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica del Litoral , Km 30.5\u00a0V\u00eda Perimetral, Guayaquil, 09-01-5863","place":["Ecuador"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib1","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Imports, Exports, and Earnings Inequality: Measures of Exposure and Estimates of Incidence","volume-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","author":"Ad\u00e3o","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib2","volume-title":"World Bank Geocoded Research Release Level1 v1.4.2 Geocoded Dataset","author":"AidData","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2020.102569","article-title":"An Age Profile Perspective on Two Puzzles in Global Child Health: The Indian Enigma & Economic Growth","volume":"148","author":"Aiyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025020310162733800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.5.1611","article-title":"Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia","volume":"97","author":"Amiti","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2019.05.001","article-title":"Trading Off the Income Gains and the Inequality Costs of Trade Policy","volume":"120","author":"Artuc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2009.01.008","article-title":"A Century of Economic Growth in Latin America","volume":"92","author":"Astorga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2015.07.004","article-title":"Human Capital and the Dynamic Effects of Trade","volume":"117","author":"Auer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0803-3","article-title":"Complex Economic Activities Concentrate in Large Cities","volume":"4","author":"Balland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2020.103321","article-title":"Trade, Pollution and Mortality in China","volume":"125","author":"Bombardini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"\u00a0181-213","key":"2025020310162733800_bib10","article-title":"Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs","volume":"\u00a089 (1)","author":"Borusyak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Review of Economic Studies"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdae007","article-title":"Revisiting Event Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation","volume-title":"The Review of Economic Studies","author":"Borusyak","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025020310162733800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0202231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202231","article-title":"Nighttime Lights as a Proxy for Human Development at the Local Level","volume":"13","author":"Bruederle","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w21768","article-title":"Tariff Reductions, Entry, and Welfare: Theory and Evidence for the Last Two Decades","author":"Caliendo","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.12.001","article-title":"Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods","volume":"225","author":"Callaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0081175016654737","article-title":"Addressing Measurement Error Bias in GDP with Nighttime Lights and an Application to Infant Mortality with Chinese County Data","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025020310162733800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8589","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017031108","article-title":"Using Luminosity Data as a Proxy for Economic Statistics","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-8171","article-title":"Revisiting the Effect of Food Aid on Conflict: A Methodological Caution","author":"Christian","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib18","article-title":"Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth","author":"Cingano","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2023.106214","article-title":"Chinese Aid and Health at the Country and Local Level","volume":"167","author":"Cruzatti","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1996(91)90003-O","article-title":"Patents, Appropriate Technology, and North-South Trade","volume":"30","author":"Diwan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025020310162733800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20161214","article-title":"Trade Liberalization and Regional Dynamics","volume":"107","author":"Dix-Carneiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2019.04.003","article-title":"African Leaders and the Geography of China\u2019s Foreign Assistance","volume":"140","author":"Dreher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11558-013-9179-8","article-title":"The Design of International Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset","volume":"9","author":"D\u00fcr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Review of International Organizations"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2004.04.001","article-title":"The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Child Labor","volume":"65","author":"Edmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025020310162733800_bib25","first-page":"42","article-title":"Trade Adjustment and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Indian Tariff Reform","volume":"2","author":"Edmonds","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1162\/JEEA.2009.7.2-3.498","article-title":"Child Labor and Schooling in a Globalizing World: Some Evidence from Urban India","volume":"7","author":"Edmonds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5194\/sgd-8-27-2012","article-title":"The Lumen Gini Coefficient: A Satellite Imagery Derived Human Development Index","volume":"8","author":"Elvidge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Geography Discussions"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib28","article-title":"Land Cover CCI Product User Guide Version 2.0.7","author":"ESA","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib29","volume-title":"Social Movements and Globalization: How Protests, Occupations and Uprisings Are Changing the World","author":"Flesher\u00a0Fominaya","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w25402","article-title":"Macroeconomic Consequences of Tariffs","author":"Furceri","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib31","article-title":"Two-Stage Differences in Differences","author":"Gardner","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib32","article-title":"WHO Head Joins Chorus Denouncing TPP\u2019s Blow to Public Health, Boon to Big Pharma","author":"Germanos","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x","article-title":"The HYDE 3.1 Spatially Explicit Database of Human-Induced Global Land-Use Change over the Past 12,000 Years","volume":"20","author":"Goldewijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025020310162733800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20181047","article-title":"Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How","volume":"110","author":"Goldsmith-Pinkham","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3211671","article-title":"An Economic Analysis of the Jones Act (05\/02\/2017)","author":"Grennes","year":"2018","journal-title":"MERCATUS RESEARCH"},{"issue":"33","key":"2025020310162733800_bib36","first-page":"82","article-title":"Selected Aspects of Protectionism of EU Member States in the EU Agri-Food Market","volume":"18","author":"Grochowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Problems of World Agriculture \/ Problemy Rolnictwa \u015awiatowego"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib37","article-title":"Country Diversification, Product Ubiquity, and Economic Divergence","author":"Hausmann","year":"\u00a02010","journal-title":"Working Paper Series RWP10-045, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjx030","article-title":"The Global Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade","volume":"133","author":"Henderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.2.994","article-title":"Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space","volume":"102","author":"Henderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"196","key":"2025020310162733800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.2307\/2225023","article-title":"The Foundations of Welfare Economics","volume":"49","author":"R\u00a0Hicks","year":"1939","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib41","volume-title":"Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2015","edition":"1 ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2307\/2624265","article-title":"The Global Economy\u2014Myths and Realities","volume":"73","author":"Hirst","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Affairs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qju004","article-title":"Regional Favoritism","volume":"129","author":"Hodler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib44","article-title":"Demographic and Health Surveys (Various) [Datasets]","volume-title":"Funded by USAID. Rockville","author":"ICF","year":"2004-2017"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib45","volume-title":"Incorporating Geographic Information into Demographic and Health Surveys: A Field Guide to GPS Data Collection","author":"ICF","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6301","key":"2025020310162733800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7894","article-title":"Combining Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning to Predict Poverty","volume":"353","author":"Jean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"195","key":"2025020310162733800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/2224835","article-title":"Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility","volume":"49","author":"Kaldor","year":"1939","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iref.2017.08.012","article-title":"Protecting Health or Protecting Imports? Evidence from EU Non-Tariff Measures","volume":"53","author":"Kareem","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Review of Economics & Finance"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.11130\/jei.2020.35.1.39","article-title":"Spillover Effects of Trade Shocks in the Central and Eastern European and Baltic Countries","volume":"35","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Integration"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"2025020310162733800_bib50","article-title":"Mother\u2019s but Not Father\u2019s Education Predicts General Fluid Intelligence in Emerging Adulthood: Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Evidence","volume":"36","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025020310162733800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.103.5.1960","article-title":"Regional Effects of Trade Reform: What Is the Correct Measure of Liberalization?","volume":"103","author":"Kovak","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139169219","volume-title":"Political Conflict in Western Europe","author":"Kriesi","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.4","article-title":"Gridded Global Datasets for Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index over 1990\u20132015","volume":"5","author":"Kummu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w22138","article-title":"Preferential Trade Agreements","author":"Lim\u00e3o","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/ejil\/chr051","article-title":"The Genesis of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)","volume":"22","author":"Marchetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of International Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2011.05.007","article-title":"Exporting Out of Poverty: Provincial Poverty in Vietnam and US Market Access","volume":"85","author":"McCaig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025020310162733800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139779","article-title":"Night-Time Light Data: A Good Proxy Measure for Economic Activity?","volume":"10","author":"Mellander","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib58","first-page":"120","article-title":"Health Effects of Trade Liberalization: Evidence from US Counties","volume":"6","author":"Navaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00249","article-title":"Temperature Effects on Biomass and Regeneration of Vegetation in a Geothermal Area","volume":"8","author":"Nishar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib60","article-title":"Earth Observation Group - Defense Meteorological Satellite Progam, Boulder \u2014 ngdc.noaa.gov","author":"NOAA","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-6-5","article-title":"Using Remotely Sensed Night-Time Light as a Proxy for Poverty in Africa","volume":"6","author":"Noor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Population Health Metrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025020310162733800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/10875549.2011.614514","article-title":"Neoliberal Globalization, NAFTA, and Migration: Mexico\u2019s Loss of Food and Labor Sovereignty","volume":"15","author":"Otero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Poverty"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025020310162733800_bib63","first-page":"47","article-title":"Trade Liberalization and Mortality: Evidence from US Counties","volume":"2","author":"Pierce","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Economic Review: Insights"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27675-0_10","article-title":"Effects of Soil Temperature on Nutrient Uptake","volume-title":"Nutrient Acquisition by Plants: An Ecological Perspective","author":"Pregitzer","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025020310162733800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/roie.12252","article-title":"The Geometry of the Distance Coefficient in Gravity Equations in International Trade","volume":"24","author":"Rauch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of International Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.32.2.73","article-title":"What Do Trade Agreements Really Do?","volume":"32","author":"Rodrik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib67","first-page":"2218","article-title":"What\u2019s Trending in Difference-in-Differences? A Synthesis of the Recent Econometrics Literature","author":"Roth","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8268.12261","article-title":"The Effects of Trade and Trade Facilitation on Economic Growth in Africa","volume":"29","author":"Sakyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"African Development Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib69","article-title":"Impact of the US-Colombia FTA on the Small Farm Economy in Colombia","author":"Salamanca","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.03.014","article-title":"An Empirical Assessment of Human Development through Remote Sensing: Evidences from Italy","volume":"78","author":"Salvati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib71","first-page":"447","article-title":"TRIPS Was Never Enough: Vertical Forum Shifting, FTAS, ACTA, and TTP","volume":"18","author":"Sell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Property Law"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib72","article-title":"The Impact of Free Trade Agreements between Developed and Developing Countries on Economic Development in Developing Countries","author":"Stevens","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.09.006","article-title":"Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects","volume":"225","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"S07","key":"2025020310162733800_bib74","first-page":"5","article-title":"Estimation of Gross Domestic Product at Sub-national Scales Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery","volume":"8","author":"Sutton","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Ecological Economics & Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(02)00097-6","article-title":"Global Estimates of Market and Non-market Values Derived from Nighttime Satellite Imagery, Land Cover, and Ecosystem Service Valuation","volume":"41","author":"Sutton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025020310162733800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755773913000246","article-title":"Winners and Losers of Globalization in Europe: Attitudes and Ideologies","volume":"6","author":"Teney","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Political Science Review"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib77","first-page":"363","article-title":"PRIO-GRID: A Unified Spatial Data Structure","volume-title":"Journal of Peace Research","author":"Tollefsen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025020310162733800_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factor Immobility and Regional Impacts of Trade Liberalization: Evidence on Poverty from India","volume":"2","author":"Topalova","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib79","article-title":"Human Development for Everyone","author":"UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib80","article-title":"Human Development Reports Database","volume-title":"United Nations Development Programme","author":"UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib81","first-page":"38","article-title":"Complexity and the Culture of Economics: A Sociological and Inter-disciplinary Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Van\u00a0den","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2307\/589620","article-title":"A World-System Perspective on the Social Sciences","volume":"27","author":"Wallerstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025020310162733800_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2005.0049","article-title":"After Developmentalism and Globalization, What?","volume":"83","author":"Wallerstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020310162733800_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343316630359","article-title":"Using Night Light Emissions for the Prediction of Local Wealth","volume":"54","author":"Weidmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Peace Research"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib85","article-title":"Agricultural Dumping under NAFTA: Estimating the Costs of U.S. Agricultural Policies to Mexican Producers","author":"Wise","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib86","article-title":"How Beer Explains 20 Years of NAFTA\u2019s Devastating Effects on Mexico","author":"Wise","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025020310162733800_bib87","article-title":"World Development Indicators","author":"World Bank","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025020310162733800_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.160341","article-title":"Understanding the Rapid Increase in Life Expectancy in South Korea","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/39\/1\/61\/57465648\/lhae018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/39\/1\/61\/57465648\/lhae018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T10:17:09Z","timestamp":1738577829000},"score":11.461399,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article\/39\/1\/61\/7667624"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhae018","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T16:53:09Z","timestamp":1648745589604},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T10:20:50Z","timestamp":1438942850000},"page":"125-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Floor Discussion of \u201cEstablishing Property Rights,\u201d by Shleifer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/125\/7573929\/wber8-0125.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T01:26:04Z","timestamp":1503537964000},"score":11.427707,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.125"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.125","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T06:52:54Z","timestamp":1648795974695},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1438928450000},"page":"122-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comment on \u201cEstablishing Property Rights,\u201d by Shleifer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Roman","family":"Frydman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/122\/7573923\/wber8-0122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T21:26:01Z","timestamp":1503523561000},"score":11.32864,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.122"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.122","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T07:32:14Z","timestamp":1657956734022},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1438928450000},"page":"118-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comment on \u201cEstablishing Property Rights,\u201d by Shleifer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Olivier Jean","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/118\/7573919\/wber8-0118.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T21:25:59Z","timestamp":1503523559000},"score":11.143565,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.118"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.118","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:12:44Z","timestamp":1777601564706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/5.1.135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,3]],"date-time":"2007-01-03T15:26:28Z","timestamp":1167837988000},"page":"135-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":346,"title":["Land Tenure and Property Rights: Theory and Implications for Development Policy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gershon","family":"Feder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Feeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/135\/4736772\/5-1-135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:34:53Z","timestamp":1503534893000},"score":11.138934,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.135"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.135","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:39:23Z","timestamp":1768261163715,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/11.1.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,19]],"date-time":"2012-04-19T08:36:01Z","timestamp":1334824561000},"page":"17-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Learning by Trading and the Returns to Human Capital in Developing Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"C. A.","family":"Pissarides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/11\/1\/17\/4833162\/11-1-17.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T02:16:54Z","timestamp":1503541014000},"score":10.7228565,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/11.1.17"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/11.1.17","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:32:27Z","timestamp":1740130347230,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Using the expansion of a large-scale health-insurance program in Mexico and variation in local rainfall levels, this study explores whether the program-induced increase in healthcare coverage protected the cognitive attainment of primary school children in the event of adverse rainfall shocks. Results show that the universalization of healthcare mitigated the negative effect of atypical rainfall on test scores, particularly in more marginalized and rural areas. An analysis of the mechanisms at play shows a reduced incidence of sickness among children, lower demand for their time, and higher stability in household consumption among program-eligible families exposed to rainfall shocks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhad008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T10:21:08Z","timestamp":1677925268000},"page":"437-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Taking Cover: Human Capital Accumulation in the Presence of Shocks and Health Insurance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Paulino","family":"Font-Gilabert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London , 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF , UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"article-title":"The Role of Universal Health Coverage in Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":"2020","author":"Aarabi","key":"2023072812432980100_bib1"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w25937","article-title":"Dust and Death: Evidence from the West African Harmattan","author":"Adhvaryu","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w24848","article-title":"Helping Children Catch Up: Early Life Shocks and the Progresa Experiment","author":"Adhvaryu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2023072812432980100_bib4","first-page":"S145","article-title":"The Effect of Publicly Provided Health Insurance on Education Outcomes in Mexico","volume":"30","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Bank Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023072812432980100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1086\/600076","article-title":"Is the Allocation of Resources within the Household Efficient? New Evidence from a Randomized Experiment","volume":"117","author":"Bobonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"article-title":"The Mexican Social Protection System in Health","year":"2013","author":"Bonilla-Chac\u00edn","key":"2023072812432980100_bib6"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023072812432980100_bib7","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Trade-Offs of Welfare Policies in Labor Markets with Informal Jobs: The Case of the \u201cSeguro Popular\u201d Program in Mexico","volume":"6","author":"Bosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023072812432980100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.3.1014-6688R1","article-title":"The Effect of Child Health Insurance Access on Schooling: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions","volume":"51","author":"Cohodes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023072812432980100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00084-0","article-title":"GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence","volume":"92","author":"Conley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023072812432980100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.58.3.1117-9157R2","article-title":"Who Benefits from Free Health Insurance: Evidence from Mexico","volume":"58","author":"Conti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w19756","article-title":"Mitigating Long-Run Health Effects of Drought: Evidence from South Africa","author":"Dinkelman","year":"2013"},{"article-title":"How Do Early-Life Shocks Interact with Subsequent Human Capital Investments? Evidence from Administrative Data","year":"2019","author":"Duque","key":"2023072812432980100_bib12"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139177245","author":"Field","year":"2012","journal-title":"Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023072812432980100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.053199","article-title":"The Democratization of Health in Mexico: Financial Innovations for Universal Coverage","volume":"87","author":"Frenk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2941049","article-title":"Human Capital Costs of Climate Change: Evidence from Test Scores in India","author":"Garg","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2022.102914","article-title":"Protecting Infants from Natural Disasters: The Case of Vitamin A Supplementation and a Tornado in Bangladesh","volume":"158","author":"Gunnsteinsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"9549","key":"2023072812432980100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69565-2","article-title":"Evidence Is Good for Your Health System: Policy Reform to Remedy Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Spending in Mexico","volume":"368","author":"Knaul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61068-X","article-title":"The Quest for Universal Health Coverage: Achieving Social Protection for All in Mexico","volume":"380","author":"Knaul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"article-title":"Mexico Social Protection System in Health and the Formal Sector","year":"2012","author":"Kurowski","key":"2023072812432980100_bib19"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w14671","article-title":"The Impact of Children\u2019s Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes","volume-title":"Forum for Health Economics & Policy","author":"Levine","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2016.01.002","article-title":"Insuring against Health Shocks: Health Insurance and Household Choices","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"2023072812432980100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150042","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.42","article-title":"A Spatially Comprehensive, Hydrometeorological Data Set for Mexico, the U.S., and Southern Canada 1950\u20132013","volume":"2","author":"Livneh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023072812432980100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654314553127","article-title":"Improving Learning in Primary Schools of Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Experiments","volume":"85","author":"McEwan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023072812432980100_bib24","first-page":"306","article-title":"Heat and Learning","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"article-title":"Mexican Family Life Survey, Second Round","year":"2006","author":"Rubalcava","key":"2023072812432980100_bib25"},{"journal-title":"Mexican Family Life Survey, Third Round","year":"2013","author":"Rubalcava","key":"2023072812432980100_bib26"},{"article-title":"Escalas de Equivalencia para M\u00e9xico","year":"2005","author":"Teruel","key":"2023072812432980100_bib27"},{"article-title":"The World Health Report 2000 - Health Systems: Improving Performance","year":"2000","author":"WHO","key":"2023072812432980100_bib28"},{"article-title":"Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report","year":"2017","author":"WHO and World Bank","key":"2023072812432980100_bib29"},{"article-title":"Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019","year":"2020","author":"WHO and World Bank","key":"2023072812432980100_bib30"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/37\/3\/437\/50996794\/lhad008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/37\/3\/437\/50996794\/lhad008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T13:27:04Z","timestamp":1690550824000},"score":10.636428,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article\/37\/3\/437\/7068455"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhad008","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0258-6770"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1564-698X"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:45:48Z","timestamp":1769827548759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/5.1.155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,3]],"date-time":"2007-01-03T15:26:28Z","timestamp":1167837988000},"page":"155-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Indigenous Land Rights Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Constraint on Productivity?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shem","family":"Migot-Adholla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Blarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Place","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/155\/4736829\/5-1-155.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:34:54Z","timestamp":1503534894000},"score":10.376222,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.155"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/5.1.155","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:35:22Z","timestamp":1761179722211,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper investigates how malaria affects education in the tropics. To do so, we combine unique administrative data on the test scores of over a million primary school students in a high-stakes national exam with georeferenced data on malaria prevalence in Rwanda. The identification strategy exploits spatial and temporal variations in malaria suitability induced by weather conditions. Findings from the paper show that exposure to malaria is associated with lower student performance. Female students are disproportionately affected, thus widening the gender gap in education. Abatement strategies, such as the uptake of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) help to moderate the effects of malaria on students\u2019 performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhaf026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1760530307000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Malaria and Human Capital Accumulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Abenezer Z","family":"Aklilu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) , Washington DC ,","place":["USA"]}]},{"given":"Justice Tei","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Economist for African Region , World Bank, Washington DC ,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimable","family":"Nsabimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Finance Corporation (IFC) , World Bank Group, Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2-3","key":"2025102210075327900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1162\/154247603322391035","article-title":"Disease and Development in Historical Perspective.\u201d","volume":"1","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib2","first-page":"186","article-title":"\u201cDisease in West African History.\u201d","volume-title":"Themes in West Africa\u2019s History","author":"Akyeampong","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102210075327900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20130604","article-title":"The Effect of the Tsetse Fly on African Development.\u201d","volume":"105","author":"Alsan","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102210075327900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.p20171142","article-title":"Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger\u2019s 1986 Meningitis Epidemic.\u201d","volume":"107","author":"Archibong","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib5","article-title":"\u201cSchooling in Sickness and in Health: The Effects of Epidemic Disease on Gender Inequality.\u201d","author":"Archibong","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102210075327900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1086\/450728","article-title":"Disease and Labor Productivity.\u201d","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Economic Development and Cultural Change"},{"issue":"7572","key":"2025102210075327900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The Effect of Malaria Control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa Between 2000 and 2015.\u201d","volume":"526","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102210075327900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.121.1.73","article-title":"Disease and Development: Evidence from Hookworm Eradication in the American South.\u201d","volume":"122","author":"Bleakley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cMalaria Eradication in the Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood Exposure.\u201d","volume-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics","author":"Bleakley","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2164475","article-title":"\u201cThe Impact of Malaria on Education: Evidence from Ethiopia.\u201d","author":"Burlando","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib11","article-title":"\u201cGridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, revision 11.\u201d NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)","author":"Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2021.102739","article-title":"\u201cMalaria and Chinese Economic Activities in Africa.\u201d","volume":"154","author":"Cervellati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102210075327900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00084-0","article-title":"GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence.\u201d","volume":"92","author":"Conley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102210075327900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01396-4","article-title":"A Climate-Based Distribution Model of Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa.\u201d","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102210075327900_bib15","first-page":"72","article-title":"Early-Life Malaria Exposure and Adult Outcomes: Evidence from Malaria Eradication in India.\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Cutler","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"610","key":"2025102210075327900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12433","article-title":"Malaria and Early African Development: Evidence from the Sickle Cell Trait.\u201d","volume":"128","author":"Depetris-Chauvin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3109\/9780203302255-8","article-title":"\u201cPregnancy Malaria Throughout History: Dangerous Labors.\u201d","author":"Duffy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Malaria in Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4060\/cb4744en","article-title":"Global Agro-Ecological Zones (Gaez V4)-Model Documentation","author":"Fischer","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"2025102210075327900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.85","article-title":"\u201cThe Economic Burden of Malaria.\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Gallup","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102210075327900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-92","article-title":"Modelling the Global Constraints of Temperature on Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax.\u201d","volume":"4","author":"Gething","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102210075327900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050711001872","article-title":"\u201cMalaria and Economic Productivity: A Longitudinal Analysis of the American Case.\u201d","volume":"71","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Economic History"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib22","article-title":"\u201cDoes Malaria Control Impact Education? A Study of the Global Fund in Africa.\u201d","author":"Kuecken","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib35_133_291725","volume-title":"\"Accelerating Rwanda\u2019s Development in the Midst of Overlapping Crises\"","author":"Kwakwa","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib23","unstructured":"Li X., Zhou Y., zhao M., Zhao X.. 2022. \u201cHarmonization of DMSP and VIIRS Nighttime Light Data from 1992\u20132021 at the Global Scale.\u201d. Figshare. Scientific Data. 7: 168. https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/dataset\/Harmonization_of_DMSP_and_VIIRS_nighttime_light_data_from_1992-2018_at_the_global_scale\/9828827\/8"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102210075327900_bib24","first-page":"46","article-title":"Malaria Eradication and Educational Attainment: Evidence from Paraguay and Sri Lanka.\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102210075327900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aabd42","article-title":"Global Patterns of Current and Future Road Infrastructure.\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Meijer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib26","first-page":"5679","article-title":"\u201cEra5-Land Monthly Averaged Data from 1981 to Present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS).\u201d","volume-title":"Earth System Science Data","author":"Mu\u00f1oz\u00a0Sabater","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102210075327900_bib27","first-page":"306","article-title":"Heat and Learning.\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"issue":"6872","key":"2025102210075327900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/415680a","article-title":"The Economic and Social Burden of Malaria.\u201d","volume":"415","author":"Sachs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102210075327900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3781","article-title":"Long-Term Impacts of Early-Life Exposure to Malaria: Evidence from Taiwan\u2019s Eradication Campaign in the 1950s.\u201d","volume":"27","author":"Shih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Economics"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-10714","article-title":"\u201cHigh Temperature and Learning Outcomes: Evidence from Ethiopia.\u201d","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9398","key":"2025102210075327900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14898-2","article-title":"Potential Effect of Climate Change on Malaria Transmission in Africa.\u201d","volume":"362","author":"Tanser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib32","article-title":"\u201cGender and Malaria.\u201d","author":"UNDP","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10195","key":"2025102210075327900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31097-9","article-title":"Mapping the Global Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality of Plasmodium falciparum, 2000\u201317: A Spatial and Temporal Modelling Study.\u201d","volume":"394","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102210075327900_bib34","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/lhaf026\/64856008\/lhaf026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/lhaf026\/64856008\/lhaf026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:08:00Z","timestamp":1761142080000},"score":10.3618145,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/lhaf026\/8296907"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhaf026","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"article-number":"lhaf026"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:26:47Z","timestamp":1775086007740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhq008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,11]],"date-time":"2010-07-11T20:57:34Z","timestamp":1278881854000},"page":"280-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Natural Disasters and Human Capital Accumulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jesus Crespo","family":"Cuaresma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-750X(93)90122-P","article-title":"Natural Disaster Situations and Growth: A Macroeconomic Model for Sudden Disaster Impacts","volume":"21","author":"Albala-Bertrand","year":"1993","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198287650.001.0001","volume-title":"Political Economy of Large Natural Disasters.","author":"Albala-Bertrand","year":"1993"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C3","article-title":"Pakistan 2005 Earthquake Preliminary Damage and Needs Assessment","author":"Asian Development Bank and World Bank","year":"2005"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1765(03)00224-6","article-title":"Risk and the Distribution of Human Capital","volume":"82","author":"Checchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2307\/3315687","article-title":"Bayesian Variable Selection with Related Predictors","volume":"24","author":"Chipman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1214\/088342304000000035","article-title":"Model Uncertainty","volume":"19","author":"Clyde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C7","article-title":"Emergency Events Database, EM-DAT. Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels","author":"CRED (Collaborating Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre)","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C8","article-title":"How Different Is Africa?","author":"Crespo Cuaresma","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C9","article-title":"\u201cThe Determinants of Economic Growth in European Regions.\u201d Working Paper 2008-26","author":"Crespo Cuaresma","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2007.00063.x","article-title":"Natural Disasters as Creative Destruction: Evidence from Developing Countries","volume":"46","author":"Crespo Cuaresma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C11","volume-title":"The Economics of Natural Disasters.","author":"Dacy","year":"1969"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2006.11.004","article-title":"Effects of Economic Shocks on Children's Employment and Schooling in Brazil","volume":"84","author":"Duryea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(00)00076-2","article-title":"Benchmark Priors for Bayesian Model Averaging","volume":"100","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.623","article-title":"Model Uncertainty in Cross-Country Growth Regressions","volume":"16","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3878(98)00045-5","article-title":"Investment in Education: Do Economic Volatility and Credit Constraints Matter?","volume":"55","author":"Flug","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176325766","article-title":"The Risk Inflation Criterion for Multiple Regression","volume":"22","author":"Foster","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(03)00063-X","article-title":"Disruption versus Tiebout Improvement: The Costs and Benefits of Switching Schools","volume":"88","author":"Hanushek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C18","article-title":"Penn World Table Version 6.2","author":"Heston","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1162\/003465304323023769","article-title":"Schooling and Parental Death","volume":"86","author":"Gertler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C20","article-title":"The Quality and Accuracy of Disaster Data: A Comparative Analysis of 3 Global Data Sets","author":"Guha-Sapir","year":"2002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","article-title":"Bayes Factors","volume":"90","author":"Kass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476592","article-title":"A Reference Bayesian Test for Nested Hypotheses and Its Relationship to the Schwarz Criterion","volume":"90","author":"Kass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C23","article-title":"Impact of Extreme Climate Events on Educational Attainment: Evidence from Cross Section Data and Welfare Projection","author":"Kim","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.1057","article-title":"On the Effect of Prior Assumptions in Bayesian Model Averaging with Applications to Growth Regression","volume":"24","author":"Ley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.1020","article-title":"Rough and Lonely Road to Prosperity: A Reexamination of the Sources of Growth in Africa Using Bayesian Model Averaging","volume":"23","author":"Masanjala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C26","article-title":"Polity IV Project. Political Regime Characteristics and Transition, 1800\u20132004, database","author":"Marshall","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2008.02.005","article-title":"The Macroeconomic Consequences of Disasters","volume":"88","author":"Noy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C28","article-title":"Critical Review of Methodologies on Disaster Impact Estimation","author":"Okuyama","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2307\/271063","article-title":"Bayesian Model Selection for Social Research","volume":"25","author":"Raftery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5089\/9781451875355.001","article-title":"Macroeconomic Implications of Natural Disasters in the Caribbean","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w14385","article-title":"When the Saints Come Marching in: Effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Student Evacuees","author":"Sacerdote","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828042002570","article-title":"Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach","volume":"94","author":"Sala-i-Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0922-1425(00)00056-6","article-title":"Risk, Natural Disasters, and Household Saving in a Life Cycle Model","volume":"13","author":"Skidmore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Japan and the World Economy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/ei\/40.4.664","article-title":"Do Natural Disasters Promote Long-run Growth?","volume":"40","author":"Skidmore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2006.06.020","article-title":"Economic Development and the Impacts of Natural Disasters","volume":"94","author":"Skidmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Economic Letters"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2005.11.005","article-title":"Natural Resource Abundance and Human Capital Accumulation","volume":"34","author":"Stijns","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C37","article-title":"Economic Analysis of Natural Disasters","volume-title":"Climate, Change and Risk","author":"Tol","year":"1999"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C38","volume-title":"World Development Indicators 2006.","author":"Bank","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180215032740_LHQ008C39","article-title":"On Assessing Prior Distributions and Bayesian Regression Analysis with g-prior Distributions","volume-title":"Bayesian Inference and Decision Techniques: Essays in Honour of Bruno de Finetti","author":"Zellner","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/280\/23943174\/lhq008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T06:00:56Z","timestamp":1711605656000},"score":10.228498,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article\/24\/2\/280\/1729989"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhq008","ISSN":["1564-698X","0258-6770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T10:36:19Z","timestamp":1648895779097},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1438928450000},"page":"167-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Floor Discussion of \u201cHow Industrial Reform Worked in China: The Role of Innovation, Competition, and Property Rights,\u201d by Jefferson and Rawski"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/167\/7573945\/wber8-0167.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T21:26:15Z","timestamp":1503523575000},"score":10.016956,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.167"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.167","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T19:50:48Z","timestamp":1721418648288},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1438928450000},"page":"129-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["How Industrial Reform Worked in China: The Role of Innovation, Competition, and Property Rights"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gary H.","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Rawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/129\/7573933\/wber8-0129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T21:26:06Z","timestamp":1503523566000},"score":9.9206295,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.129"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.129","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:22:09Z","timestamp":1768432929479,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhw001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T01:49:01Z","timestamp":1457660941000},"page":"lhw001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Property Rights for Fishing Cooperatives: How (and How Well) Do They Work?"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Octavio","family":"Aburto-Oropeza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Austen","family":"Mack-Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sriniketh","family":"Nagavarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sheila M.W.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Sievanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0857.1"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1999.97477.x"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-597X(01)00023-9"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basurto X. , Bennett A. , Weaver A. , Dyck S. Rodriguez-Van , Aceves-Bueno J.-S. . 2013. \u201cCooperative and Noncooperative Strategies for Small-Scale Fisheries\u2019 Self-Governance in the Globalization Era: Implications for Conservation.\u201d Ecol. Soc. 18 38.","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-05673-180438"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2009.12.001"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2011.01687.x"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess R. , Hansen M. , Olken B. A. , Potapov P. , Sieber S. . 2012. \u201cThe Political Economy of Deforestation in the Tropics.\u201d Quarterly Journal of Economics 1707\u201354.","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjs034"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-7963(02)00265-8"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-008-9254-4"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.10","unstructured":"Clark C. W . 1990. Mathematical Bioeconomics: Optimal Management of Renewable Resources, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Inc."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159478"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8489.2010.00495.x"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0008-4085.00070"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.14","unstructured":"Cota-Nieto J . 2010. Descripci\u00f3n hist\u00f3ria y reciente de las pesquer\u00edas artesanales de punta abreojos B.C.S., M\u00e9xico. periodo 2000\u20132007., Thesis, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California Sur."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/reep\/res008"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.16","unstructured":"Deacon R. T. , Parker D. P. , Costello C. . 2008. \u201cImproving Efficiency by Assigning Harvest Rights to Fishery Cooperatives: Evidence from the Chignik Salmon Co-op.\u201d Arizona Law Review 50 2."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deacon R. T. , Parker D. P. , Costello C. . 2013. \u201cReforming Fisheries: Lessons from a Self-Selected Cooperative.\u201d Journal of Law and Economics 56 1.","DOI":"10.1086\/667864"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.18","unstructured":"DeWalt B. R . 2001. \u201cCommunity Forestry and Shrimp Aquaculture in Mexico: Social and Environmental Issues.\u201d presentado en la Latin American Studies Association, Washington DC 6."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0002-9092.2004.00655.x"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f77-069"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3878(02)00007-X"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.22","unstructured":"Foster A. D. , Rosenzweig M. R. . 2003. Agricultural Development, Industrialization and Rural Inequality, Technical report, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/257497"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09689"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-005-5138-7"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.26","unstructured":"Ibarra A. A . 1996. \u201cFisheries Trade under NAFTA and a Comparison with the EU,\u201d Technical report, Instituto Nacional De La Pesca, Mexico City."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.27","unstructured":"Ibarra A. A. , Reid C. , Thorpe A. . 1998. Neo-Liberalism and the Latin \u201cBlue Revolution\u201d Fisheries Development in Chile, Mexico and Peru, University of Portsmouth, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022216X00005824"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414640112"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08029"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2010.09.007"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mann K. , Lazier J. . 2005. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118687901"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2013.08.001"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.42.2.ku2m3176u7706747"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.35","unstructured":"OECD 2006. Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Mexico: Recent Achievements, Continuing the Reform Agenda, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Publishing."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrom E . 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge (UK).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807763"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2012.03.012"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f90-068"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.39","unstructured":"Pauly D . 1997. Small-Scale Fisheries in the Tropics: Marginality, Marginalization, and Some Implications for Fisheries Management, in Pikitch E. , Hupert D. , Sissenwine M. , eds, \u201cGlobal trends: Fisheries Management.\u201d American Fisheries Society Symposium 20: Bethesda, Maryland, 40\u201349."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petterson J. S . 1980. \u201cFishing Cooperatives and Political Power: A Mexican Example.\u201d Anthropological Quarterly 64\u201374.","DOI":"10.2307\/3317882"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.41","unstructured":"Polis G. , Rose M. , Sanchez Pinero F. , Stapp P. , Anderson W. . 2002. \u201cIsland Food Webs,\u201d in A New Island Biogeography of the Sea of Cortes. New York: Oxford UP, 280\u2013362."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1196.1"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(74)90097-2","article-title":"A Stochastic Model for the Economic Management of a Renewable Animal Resource","volume":"22","author":"Reed","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3175"},{"issue":"3","key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8446(2004)29[19:FDCFWI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Fishing Down Coastal Food Webs in the Gulf of California","volume":"29","author":"Sala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.46","unstructured":"Sanchez A. , Nieto J. J. C. , Osorio I. M. , Erisman B. , Moreno-Baez M. , Aburto-Oropeza O. . 2015. Caracterizacion de las cadenas productivas pesqueras \u2013 baja california sur, mexico (primera fase la paz). Database, Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservacion (CMBC) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-007-0689-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1086\/257653","article-title":"The Fishery: The Objectives of Sole Ownership","volume":"63","author":"Scott","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.49","unstructured":"SEPESCA 1992. Legal Framework for Fisheries 1992, Technical report, Secretaria de Pesca, Mexico City."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.50","unstructured":"Sievanen L . 2014. \u201cHow do small-scale fishers adapt to environmental variability? lessons from Baja California Sur, Mexico.\u201d Maritime Studies. 13:9: doi:10.1186\/s40152-40014-40009-40152 ."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-5320"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.52","unstructured":"Villa A. 1996. \u201cA Review of Recent Changes in Mexico's Fishing Policy,\u201d thesis, College of Marine Studies at the University of Delaware."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1188.1"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/reep\/res012","article-title":"The Economics of Territorial Use Rights fisheries, or TURFs.","volume":"62","author":"Wilen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy"},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.55","unstructured":"Wooldridge J . 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press."},{"key":"2016031017485739000_lhw001v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0004-5608.00244"}],"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T12:19:08Z","timestamp":1567685948000},"score":9.805307,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/lhw001"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/lhw001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhw001","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T07:23:43Z","timestamp":1649143423046},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T10:20:50Z","timestamp":1438942850000},"page":"163-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comment on \u201cHow Industrial Reform Worked in China: The Role of Innovation, Competition, and Property Rights,\u201d by Jefferson and Rawski"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shahid Javed","family":"Burki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/163\/7573941\/wber8-0163.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T01:26:12Z","timestamp":1503537972000},"score":9.801057,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.163"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.163","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T19:10:56Z","timestamp":1682363456896},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Bank Econ Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T10:20:50Z","timestamp":1438942850000},"page":"157-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comment on \u201cHow Industrial Reform Worked in China: The Role of Innovation, Competition, and Property Rights,\u201d by Jefferson and Rawski"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Athar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicholas H.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"container-title":["The World Bank Economic Review"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-pdf\/8\/suppl_1\/157\/7573937\/wber8-0157.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T01:26:08Z","timestamp":1503537968000},"score":9.621191,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/wber\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.157"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/8.suppl_1.157","ISSN":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0258-6770","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-698X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":"economic sanctions human rights"}}}