{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:25:12Z","timestamp":1772169912609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","award":["289720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["289720"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["141918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["146133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["146133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-11-00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-11-00029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T16:30:47Z","timestamp":1468513847000},"page":"e1002515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Topological Small-World Organization of the Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Network Determines Lymph Node Functionality"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Novkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Onder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Cupovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bomze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Cremasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Scandella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jens V.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennady","family":"Bocharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shannon J.","family":"Turley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2414","article-title":"Form follows function: lymphoid tissue microarchitecture in antimicrobial immune defence","volume":"8","author":"T Junt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20001021","article-title":"Estimating the precursor frequency of naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells","volume":"195","author":"JN Blattman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.007","article-title":"Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude","volume":"27","author":"JJ Moon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1605","article-title":"Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue-inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone","volume":"9","author":"E Scandella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.03.012","article-title":"Maturation of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells from Myofibroblastic Precursors Is Critical for Antiviral Immunity","volume":"38","author":"Q Chai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1513","article-title":"Fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes regulate the homeostasis of naive T cells","volume":"8","author":"A Link","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2965","article-title":"B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells","volume":"15","author":"V Cremasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001672","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001672","article-title":"Identification of a new stromal cell type involved in the regulation of inflamed B cell follicles","volume":"11","author":"C Mionnet","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501191","article-title":"Phenotypic and Morphological Properties of Germinal Center Dark Zone Cxcl12-Expressing Reticular Cells","volume":"195","author":"LB Rodda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3846","article-title":"Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"AL Fletcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402520","article-title":"Fibroblastic Reticular Cells: Organization and Regulation of the T Lymphocyte Life Cycle","volume":"194","author":"FD Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1137\/S003614450342480","article-title":"The structure and function of complex networks","volume":"45","author":"ME Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"SIAM Review"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1272","article-title":"Network biology: understanding the cell's functional organization","volume":"5","author":"AL Barabasi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019","article-title":"Error and attack tolerance of complex networks","volume":"406","author":"R Albert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.4626","article-title":"Resilience of the internet to random breakdowns","volume":"85","author":"R Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307545100","article-title":"Coauthorship networks and patterns of scientific collaboration","volume":"101","author":"ME Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.025103","article-title":"Structural vulnerability of the North American power grid","volume":"69","author":"R Albert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407994102","article-title":"The worldwide air transportation network: Anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles","volume":"102","author":"R Guimera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/35036627","article-title":"The large-scale organization of metabolic networks","volume":"407","author":"H Jeong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.292.5518.929","article-title":"Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses of a systematically perturbed metabolic network","volume":"292","author":"T Ideker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04209","article-title":"Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network","volume":"437","author":"JF Rual","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182","article-title":"Small-world brain networks","volume":"12","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3874-05.2006","article-title":"A resilient, low-frequency, small-world human brain functional network with highly connected association cortical hubs","volume":"26","author":"S Achard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"17","article-title":"On the evoluation of random graphs","volume":"5","author":"P Erdos","year":"1960","journal-title":"Publ Math Inst Hung Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"AL Barabasi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"058701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.90.058701","article-title":"Scale-free networks are ultrasmall","volume":"90","author":"R Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.08.010","article-title":"The application of graph theoretical analysis to complex networks in the brain","volume":"118","author":"JC Reijneveld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069492","article-title":"Systems biology: a brief overview","volume":"295","author":"H Kitano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00188.x","article-title":"The immunopathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"201","author":"PM Kaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.011","article-title":"Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph nodes","volume":"25","author":"M Bajenoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416859","article-title":"IL-7-producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling","volume":"120","author":"L Onder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3354","article-title":"The brainstem reticular formation is a small-world, not scale-free, network","volume":"273","author":"MD Humphries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002051","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002051","article-title":"Network 'small-world-ness': a quantitative method for determining canonical network equivalence","volume":"3","author":"MD Humphries","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0038","article-title":"The ubiquity of small-world networks","volume":"1","author":"QK Telesford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/35065725","article-title":"Exploring complex networks","volume":"410","author":"SH Strogatz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3035","article-title":"The CLEC-2-podoplanin axis controls the contractility of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymph node microarchitecture","volume":"16","author":"JL Astarita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2085","article-title":"Afferent lymph-derived T cells and DCs use different chemokine receptor CCR7-dependent routes for entry into the lymph node and intranodal migration","volume":"12","author":"A Braun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.12.022","article-title":"Central Nervous System Stromal Cells Control Local CD8(+) T Cell Responses during Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation","volume":"44","author":"J Cupovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00171","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00171-10","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific antigen delivery by coronavirus vaccine vectors induces long-lasting protective antiviral and antitumor immunity","volume":"1","author":"L Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2010","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081442","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific delivery of Flt3L by coronavirus vectors secures induction of therapeutic antitumor immunity","volume":"8","author":"C Perez-Shibayama","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.16","article-title":"T cell migration, search strategies and mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"MF Krummel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.022","article-title":"Podoplanin-rich stromal networks induce dendritic cell motility via activation of the C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2","volume":"37","author":"SE Acton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.11.013","article-title":"The conduit system transports soluble antigens from the afferent lymph to resident dendritic cells in the T cell area of the lymph node","volume":"22","author":"M Sixt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16534","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16534","article-title":"Organ-wide 3D-imaging and topological analysis of the continuous microvascular network in a murine lymph node","volume":"5","author":"ID Kelch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"128431","article-title":"Quantitative measurements in 3-dimensional datasets of mouse lymph nodes resolve organ-wide functional dependencies","volume":"28431","author":"J Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-424655","article-title":"The race for the prize: T-cell trafficking strategies for optimal surveillance","volume":"120","author":"M Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1355","article-title":"Concomitant regulation of T-cell activation and homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Z Grossman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242508","article-title":"A global "imaging'' view on systems approaches in immunology","volume":"42","author":"B Ludewig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2008.60","article-title":"Simulating T-cell motility in the lymph node paracortex with a packed lattice geometry","volume":"86","author":"G Bogle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.78","article-title":"Agent-based simulation of T-cell activation and proliferation within a lymph node","volume":"88","author":"G Bogle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-387","article-title":"Modeling lymphocyte homing and encounters in lymph nodes","volume":"10","author":"V Baldazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243119","article-title":"The future of immunoimaging\u2014deeper, bigger, more precise, and definitively more colorful","volume":"43","author":"J Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-250118","article-title":"Global lymphoid tissue remodeling during a viral infection is orchestrated by a B cell-lymphotoxin-dependent pathway","volume":"115","author":"V Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13186","article-title":"A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain","volume":"508","author":"SW Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth762","article-title":"A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration","volume":"2","author":"T Buch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009440108","article-title":"Jr., Havlin S, Herrmann HJ. Mitigation of malicious attacks on networks","volume":"108","author":"CM Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230834","article-title":"T cell immunity after a viral infection versus T cell tolerance induced by soluble viral peptides","volume":"23","author":"D Kyburz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100935","article-title":"In vivo analysis of uropod function during physiological T cell trafficking","volume":"187","author":"SF Soriano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02238","article-title":"T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases","volume":"427","author":"TR Mempel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T21:18:56Z","timestamp":1589663936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002515"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Timm","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002515","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726505323.793520981","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]}}}