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Singhe","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Research Guide & journal editor in Social Work, Mangalore, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assefa","family":"Eyerus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Social work researcher and ART practitioner in Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Reda A Ayalu Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Africa Haramaya University,Ethiopia 2011","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/574656"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Creswell J et al (2007). Qualitative Research Designs: Selection and Implementation.University of Nebraska Lincoln.SAGEPublished.London","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006287390"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"3. Durante (2003).adherence to long-term therapies: evidenced for Action.WHO Geneva"},{"key":"ref004","unstructured":"4. Durrhin A painter ys Hand book of qualitative research,sage:London 2006"},{"key":"ref005","unstructured":"5. HAPCO,Effect of nutritional factors on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults: Available at http:\/\/www.hapco.int\/chp\/knowledge\/publications\/adherence 2012"},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"6. Kagee A Treatment adherence in Ethiopia primary health care. Ethiopia family Practice. Available at http:\/\/www.globalizationandhealth.com\/content\/6\/1\/6 2004"},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"7. Kumar Randomized Controlled Trial of a Personalized Cellular Phone Reminder System to Enhance Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy 2008 US"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"8. Louie J Markowitz Adherence assessment to highly active Antiretroviral therapy:AIDS patient care.US 2010"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"9. Mugenda O M Mugenda A G Research methods: Qualitative & quantitative approach, acts press: 2003 Nairobi"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"10. Raisner S L A review of HIV anti retro viral adherence and intervention 2009 Studies among HIV infected youth Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.plosmedicine.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1371\/journal. Med.0040298"},{"key":"ref011","unstructured":"11. UNAIDS Greater involvement of people living with HIV (GIPA) Available at: http:\/\/data.unaids.org pub\/BriefingNote\/2007 JC1299_Policy_Brief_GIPA.pdf 2007"},{"key":"ref012","unstructured":"12. 2012 UNAID,World AIDS Day Report. Geneva,Switzerland"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. UNAID,How to Investigate Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: An Indicator-Based Approach.USA 2005"},{"key":"ref014","unstructured":"14. USAIDS, AIDS epidemic updateDecember20052011 Retrieved from http:\/\/www.who.org on4thAugust2006"},{"key":"ref015","unstructured":"15. 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Liranso G S Mohan S S Eyerus A The Psychosocial Factors that Influencing HIV-AIDS Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence 2016 J Aids Hiv Infec doi: 10 15744 10.15744\/2454-499X.2.205"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/544\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/544\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:30:33Z","timestamp":1760704233000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/544"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-1316","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T03:55:50Z","timestamp":1771905350462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1838"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an element of biomedical interventions of HIV prevention. The level of protection is strongly correlated to PrEP drug adherence. In Nigeria, the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) is 15.5%. The 2020 integrated biological and behavioral surveillance survey did not report on PrEP adherence among FSW. This study therefore assessed the level of adherence to PrEP and its predictors among FSW in South-Western Nigeria.\t\nMethodology: The study was cross sectional analytical in design and was conducted in 2021. Study population were brothel-based FSW at Gambari Ogbomoso and Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 156 FSW participated in the study. Data was collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.\nResults: One hundred and forty-nine properly completed questionnaires were analyzed. Ninety-nine respondents (66.4%) have been working for more than 5years as a FSW and 65(43.6%) had initiation of sex work before 18 years of age. Respondents\u2019 sexual behavior showed that 55 (36.9%) of total respondents had consistent use of condom. One hundred and thirty-four respondents (89.9%) had good knowledge of PrEP, 97 (65.1%) had good attitude towards PrEP while 111 (74.5%) had good perception of risk of HIV infection. One hundred and thirty-two (88.6%) reported to be taking PrEP and 119 (79.9%) had good adherence to PrEP. Predictors of adherence to PrEP were educational status, age of commencement of sex work and monthly income. It was found that educated sex workers were 2.67 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.280-5.591, p=0.019). Those who commenced sex work after clocking 18 years of age were 75% times less likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.106-0.597, p=0.001) while those with average monthly income more than #10,000 were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=1.65, 95% CI=0.674-4.042, p=0.0275.\nDiscussion and Recommendation: The level of adherence to PrEP is considerably high and underscores a positive effect of the efforts of the Government of Nigeria in controlling HIV as a threat by 2030. Further studies would be useful to understand the behavioral factors associated with low adherence to PrEP among FSW who have spent more than 5 years in sex work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:58:45Z","timestamp":1691153925000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE TO PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYAXIS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga","family":"Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin Samson","family":"Jegede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbertta Ekpen","family":"Anegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goodman","family":"Olayinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lagos State College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NACA. The 2018 Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS): National Summary Sheet [Internet]. Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). Abuja; 2019. p. 1\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/www.naiis.ng\/%0Ahttps:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/NAIIS-PA-NATIONAL-FACTSHEET-FINAL.pdf","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.25752"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Africa. HIV\/AIDS [Internet]. Online. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/health-topics\/hivaids#:~:text=Key populations and their sexual,their clients%2C and transgender people."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National Guidelines for Implementation of HIV Programmes for Female Sex Workers in Nigeria [Internet]. Abuja: National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA); 2020. 1\u201335 p. Available from: https:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/FSW-Guideline...pdf"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. PrEP 101 [Internet]. Atlanta, USA: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. p. 1\u20132. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/consumer-info-sheets\/cdc-hiv-consumer-info-sheet-prep-101.pdf"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National AIDS and STI\u2019s Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health: 2016 National Guidelines for HIV Prevention Treatment and Care [Internet]. 2016. 1\u2013123 p. Available from: https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/nigeria_national_guidelines_2016.pdf","DOI":"10.18411\/d-2016-154"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WHO. GUIDANCE ON PRE-EXPOSURE ORAL PROPHYLAXIS (PrEP) FOR SERODISCORDANT COUPLES, MEN AND TRANSGENDER WOMEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN AT HIGH RISK OF HIV July 2012 [Internet]. L\u2019IV Com S\u00e0rl V-Y, editor. Leonardo. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/75188\/9789241503884_eng.pdf?sequence=1","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.58ef94dcd462b80290b506eb"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Avert. Sex workers , HIV and AIDS [Internet]. Avert. 2019. p. 1\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/www.avert.org\/printpdf\/node\/384"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global Aids Strategy 2021 \u2013 2026 End Inequalities . End Aids . [Internet]. UNAIDS. 2021. 160 p. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/Global-AIDS-Strategy-2021-2026","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210028370"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nalukwago GK, Isunju JB, Muwonge T, Katairo T, Bunani N, Semitala F, et al. Adherence to oral hiv pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in kampala, uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(3):1048\u201358.","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i3.12"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Country factsheets NIGERIA | 2020 HIV and AIDS Estimates Adults and children living with Country factsheets NIGERIA | 2020 HIV testing and treatment cascade People living with HIV Coverage of adults and children. AIDSinfo. 2020.","DOI":"10.32388\/vwr1g1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. Glob Inf HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2019;16:1\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hiv-around-world\/sub-saharan-africa\/nigeria","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137009951.0008"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Coalition of civil society organizations. Shadow report: On the situation of Sex Workers in Nigeria [Internet]. Nigeria Sex Workers Association. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/tbinternet.ohchr.org\/Treaties\/CEDAW\/Shared Documents\/NGA\/INT_CEDAW_NGO_NGA_27627_E.pdf"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emmanuel G, Folayan M, Undelikwe G, Ochonye B, Jayeoba T, Yusuf A, et al. Community perspectives on barriers and challenges to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis access by men who have sex with men and female sex workers access in Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:69.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8195-x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Litiema E, Orago A, Muia D. 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S K Prakash Eradication of HIV in association with treatment of phyto-Antiviral regimen 2011 International Journal of Pharma World Research 1 2 1 15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/69\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/69\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/69","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T08:51:27Z","timestamp":1760691087000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/69"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-edt.1.3","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:14:45Z","timestamp":1753884885925,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\nCarissa carandas L. is a well-known wild fruit plant distributed through-out the India and also present in other countries. The fruits are rich in nutrients and minerals. A number of medicinally important phytochemicals such as carrisone, carindone, carandinol, lupeol, scopoletin, stigmasterol, \u03b2-sitosterol, myo-inositol, \u03b2-amyrin, Des-n-methylnoracronycine etc. have been reported from the extract of this plant. Being safe and cost effective molecules, the activity of phytochemicals against HIV-1 enzymes needs to be screened.\n\nObjective\nThe aim of this study was to screen the potent phytocompound of C. carandas against human immunodeficiency virus-1 using docking method.\n\nMethods\nTotal nine compounds viz. carandinol, caridone, carrisone, lupeol, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, rutin, scopoletin and ursolic acid were used for in-silico study towards drug development against human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1RT; PDB ID: 1REV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (PDB ID:1EBY) using Autodock software.\n\nResults\nThe qualitative characterization of the extracts showed the presence of a number of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terepnoids, terpenes, steroids, glycosides etc. Carandinol was observed as most effective anti-HIV-1 molecule having lowest binding energy and small inhibition coefficient. Another compound, p-coumaric acid, showed least effectiveness against human immunodeficiency virus- 1 reverse transcriptase or human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease showing highest binding energy and inhibition coefficients among all the evaluated phytocompounds.\n\nConclusion\nThe in-silico study demonstrated that some phytoconstituents of C. carandas exhibit potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus -1 activity and hence can be optimized to develop as a drug candidate in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-19-2847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T07:36:53Z","timestamp":1559201813000},"page":"10-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Docking Studies of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Integrase with Phytocompounds of Carissa Carandas L."],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Reetika","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhigyan","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bechan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1.Weiss R A.. 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(2015) Qualitative characterization of phytochemicals andin vitroantimicrobial evaluation of leaf extract ofCouroupitaguianensisAubl. \u2013 a threatened medicinal tree. , International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, 212-215.","key":"ref28"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30.Berman H M, Westbrook J, Feng Z. (2000) The Protein Data Bank. , Nucleic Acids Research 28, 235-242.","key":"ref29","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"31.Wang Y, Xiao J, Suzek T O, Zhang J, Wang J et al. (2009) PubChem: a public information system for analyzing bioactivities of small molecules. , Nucleic Acids Research 37, 623-633.","key":"ref30","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp456"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"32.Morris G M, Huey R, Lindstrom W. (2009) AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated Docking with Selective Receptor Flexibility. , Journal of Computational Chemistry.30 2785-2791.","key":"ref31","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256"},{"unstructured":"33.Singh R, Kumari N.Nath G.(2016)Free radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extractsofSapindusmukorossiGaertn. against clinical pathogens. , International Journal of Phytomedicine 8, 22-28.","key":"ref32"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"34.Chaniad P, Wattanapiromsakul C, Pianwanit S, Tewtrakul S. (2016) Anti-HIV-1 integrase compounds fromDioscoreabulbiferaand molecular docking study. , Pharmaceutical Biology 54, 1077-1085.","key":"ref33","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1103272"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"35.Auxilia L R, Sundari T M, Daniel R R. (2013) Molecular Docking Studies of Dolichin A and B, Pterocarpans from Horsegram (Macrotylomauniflorum)against HIV Replication Enzymes. , International Journal of Computer Application,75: 19, 23.","key":"ref34","DOI":"10.5120\/13180-0802"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T07:37:04Z","timestamp":1559201824000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1097"}},"editor":[{"given":"Shivaji Kashinath","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MapMyGenome India Limited, Hyderabad Previous experience, Sandor Life Sciences Pvt Ltd\/ NIMR, Indian Council of Medical Research, Goa, NIRRH ICMR Mumbai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-19-2847","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"article-number":"1097"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:53:52Z","timestamp":1763747632209,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,14]],"date-time":"2017-04-14T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1492154236000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Supporting Quality Data Systems:\u00a0\u00a0Lessons Learned from Early Implementation of Routine Viral Load Monitoring at a Large Clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Gibb","family":"Jean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitsulo","family":"Jimmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chipungu","family":"Chifundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chivwara","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Schooley","family":"Alan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Hoffman","family":"Risa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. World Health Organization.WHO Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach 2016"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"2. 2016 Malawi Ministry of Health.Clinical Management of HIV In Children and Adults"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Phillips A Shroufi A Vojnov A Cohn J Roberts T Sustainable HIV treatment in Africa through viral-load-informed differentiated care 2015 Nature 528 7580 68 76","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16046"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. S E Rutstein M C Hosseinipour Kamwendo D Soko A Mkandawire M Dried blood spots for viral load monitoring in Malawi: feasible and effective. PLoS One 2015 10 4 0124748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124748"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Maman D Chilima B Masiku C Ayouba A Masson S Closer to90-90-90.The cascade of care after 10 years of ART scale-up in rural Malawi: a population study 2016 J Int AIDS Soc 19 1 20673","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20673"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Jobanputra K Parker L A Azih C Okello V Maphalala G Impact and programmatic implications of routine viral load monitoring in Swaziland 2014 J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 67 1 45 51","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000224"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Roberts T Cohn J Bonner K Hargreaves S Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges. Clin Infect Dis 2016 62 8 1043 1048","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw001"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Dansereau E Gakidou E Ng M Achan J Burstein R 2015 Trends and Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Patient Monitoring Practices in Kenya and Uganda. PLoS One 10 8 0135653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135653"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Peter T Ellenberger D Ki A A Boeras D Messele T Early antiretroviral therapy initiation: access and equity of viral load testing for HIV treatment monitoring. Lancet Infect Dis 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30212-2"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Habib O R Bartlett J A Thielman N M Pence B W Kimani S M The Effect of Switching to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on the Risk of Opportunistic Infections Among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Northern Tanzania. Open Forum Infectious Diseases.3(1),ofw018 2016","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw018"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Sigaloff K C Hamers R L Kityo C Siwale M Ive P Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accmulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa.J Acq Imm Def Syn.2011;58(1): 2013 23 31","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318227fc34"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Lecher S Williams J Fonjungo P N Kim A A Ellenberger D Scale-up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring--Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries 2015 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64 46 1287 1290","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6446a3"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Lecher S Williams J Fonjungo P N Kim A A Ellenberger D 2016 Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring - Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries,January2015-June2016.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65 47 1332 1335","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6547a2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/451\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/451\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/oap-journals.org\/jcrhap\/article\/451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1760693804000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/451"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1468","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:14:26Z","timestamp":1753884866801,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nigeria is one of the high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa for HIV\/AIDS and contributes to reproductive health morbidities and mortalities. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV-discordant rate among pregnant women in Plateau state Nigeria. The study sought to determine the prevalence and trend of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women in Plateau state, Nigeria. The study was a 5-year descriptive analysis of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women accessing prenatal care and their partners in Plateau state, Nigeria based on data generated between January 2012 and December 2016. The data was disaggregated by year, HIV concordant negative, HIV concordant positive, and HIV sero-discordant prevalence in the software and analysis were done using excel to obtained the proportions and trend of HIV sero-discordant prevalence among the antenatal population. Out of a total of 7,851 partners of pregnant women studied, 969 (16.3%) were HIV sero-discordant, 5,795 (73.8%) were HIV concordant negative, and 773 (9.9%) were HIV concordant positive. HIV sero-discordant positive males accounted for 12.3% while females were 4.0%. The prevalence of HIV sero-discordance was low with a high proportion of HIV positive male partners in Plateau state with grave public health implications for new HIV infections among partners and eroding the gains made in the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-18-2236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1534492547000},"page":"33-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV Status in Sero-Discordant Couples: Prevalence and Pattern among Pregnant Women in Plateau State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.14302","author":[{"given":"Magaji","family":"FA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ocheke","family":"AN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ocheke","family":"AN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"VC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"VC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afolaramin","family":"T","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afolaramin","family":"T","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagay","family":"AS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagay","family":"AS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoakah","family":"AI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoakah","family":"AI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T07:55:49Z","timestamp":1534492549000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/818"}},"editor":[{"given":"Shivaji Kashinath","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mapmygenome India Limited, Hyderabad Previous experience, Sandor Life Sciences Pvt Ltd\/ NIMR, Indian Council of Medical Research, Goa, NIRRH ICMR Mumbai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-18-2236","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]]},"article-number":"818"}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}