{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":64,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1782551169308,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T04:45:22Z","timestamp":1444020322000},"page":"3-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Psychosocial Characterization of HIV Clients with Potential to be Change Agents for HIV Prevention in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Tumwine","family":"Christopher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbona Tumwesigye","family":"Nazarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 School of Public Health, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugyenyi","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala-Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90407, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. PaxFton S (2002)The paradox of public HIV disclosure.AIDS Care.14(4): 559 567","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120220133080"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Tumwine C (2011)An exploratory study of HIV prevention advocacy by persons in HIV care inUganda.African,journal ofAIDS,Research.10(4): 427 433","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2011.646658"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. J D Auerbach (2004)Principles of positive prevention.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.37 Suppl 2: 122 5","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000140611.82134.aa"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Bunnell R Mermin J Cock K M De prevention for a threatened continent: implementing positive prevention in Africa.JAMA.296(7): 2006 855 8","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.7.855"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. C M Gordon (2005).Prevention interventions with persons living with HIV\/AIDS: state of the science and future directions.AIDS Educ Prev.17(1 Suppl A): 6 20","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.17.2.6.58697"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Sayles J (2007)Experiences of Social Stigma and ImplicationsForHealthcare Among a Diverse Population of HIV Positive Adults.(6): 814 828","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9220-4"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. S L Nam (2008)The relationship of acceptance or denial of HIV-status to antiretroviral adherence among adult HIV patients in urban Botswana.Soc Sci Med.67(2): 301 10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.03.042"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. J A Kelly (2004)Popular opinion leaders and HIV prevention peer education: resolving discrepant findings, and implications for the development of effective communityprogrammes.AIDS Care.16(2): 139 50","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120410001640986"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. J A Kelly risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: an experimental analysis.Am J Public Health.81(2): 1991 168 71","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.2.168"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. G J Wagner (2011)Depression in the Pathway of HIV Antiretroviral Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior Among Patients in Uganda.AIDS Behav","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0051-7"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. G J Wagner (2010)Factors associated with condom use among HIV clients in stable relationships with partners at varying risk for HIV in Uganda.AIDS Behav.14(5): 1055 65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9673-4"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. S C Kalichman (2005)Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigmas in South Africa.AIDS Behav.9: 135 143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-3895-x"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. B E C E Ferrans F R Lashley stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale.Res Nurs Health.24(6): 2001 518 29","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011"},{"key":"ref014","unstructured":"14. A T Beck A R Steer.(1988)Manual for the Beck Hopelessness Scale. San Antonio:Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Kroenke K R L Spitzer Williams J B W (2001)ThePHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure.J Gen Intern Med2001.16: 606 613","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Calin T (2007)Disclosure of HIV among black African men and women attending a London HIV clinic.AIDS Care.19(3): 385 91","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120600971224"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Patel R (2011)HIV disclosure patterns, predictors, and psychosocial correlates among HIV positive women in Zimbabwe.AIDS Care","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.608786"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/24\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/24\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:34:36Z","timestamp":1760693676000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/24"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-68","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T18:24:02Z","timestamp":1648751042380},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-1271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]],"date-time":"2016-11-26T07:03:40Z","timestamp":1480143820000},"page":"22-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Journal Of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Tougouma","family":"SJB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoungrana","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yameogo","family":"AA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yameogo","family":"NV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diallo","family":"I","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hema","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hien","family":"H","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Some","family":"AS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Traore","family":"TI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millogo","family":"GRC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kologo","family":"KJ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sawadogo","family":"AB","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ouedraogo","family":"MS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zabsonre","family":"P","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T08:43:50Z","timestamp":1490949830000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/387"}},"editor":[{"given":"Larance","family":"Ronsard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-1271","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:12:21Z","timestamp":1753884741097,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retroviral disease in which the viruses copy their genetic material into the genetic material of the human beings. Infected cells remain infected for the whole of their life. First discovered in the year 1981, Human immunodeficiency virus infections is considered to be a pandemic by the World Health organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T10:47:25Z","timestamp":1600512445000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Hiv Infected Patient and its Correlation with Cd4 Count\/Clinical Staging in Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Satya Kant","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.NIH.Consensus Development Panel on. Osteoporosis, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. JAMA. 2001 ;285 : 785 95.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2.Peck W A. (1993) Consensus Development Conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. , Am J Med 94, 646-650.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3. (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. , Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 843, 1-129."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4.Hammer S M. (1997) A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less:. , AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team. N Engl J Med 337, 725-33.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199709113371101"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5.Aukurst P. (1999) Decreased bone formative and enhanced resorptive markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection: indication of normalization of the bone-remodeling process during highly active antiretroviral therapy. , J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84, 145-150.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.1.145"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"6.Fairfield W P. (2001) Osteopenia in eugonadal men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting syndrome. , J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(2020).","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.5.2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"7.Corcoran C. (1999) Treatments for wasting in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. , N Engl J Med 340, 1740-1750.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199906033402207"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8.Stephens E. (1999) Symptomatic osteoporosis in two young HIV-positive African women. , AIDS 13, 2605-2606.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199912240-00022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9.Grinspoon S. (2000) Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance training in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting, A randomized, controlled trial. , Ann Intern Med 133, 348-355.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00010"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10.Kanis J A. (1994) The diagnosis of osteoporosis. , J Bone Miner Res 8, 1137-1141.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090802"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11.Schapira D, Schapira C. (1992) Osteoporosis: the evolution of a scientific term. , Osteoporosis Int 2, 164-167.","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01623921"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12.Annapoorna N, Rao G V, Reddy N S, Rambabu P, KRSS Rao. (2004) An Increased Risk of osteoporosis during Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. , Int. J Med. Sci 1(3), 152-164.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.1.152"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13.Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. (1996) Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. , BMJ 312(7041), 1254-1259.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"14.National Osteoporosis Foundation (2010) Foundation NO. Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. , Washington, DC:"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"15.Bruera D, Luna N, David D O, Bergoglio L M, Zamudio J. (2003) Decreased bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients is independent of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 17(13), 1917-1923.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00010"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16.Todd T Brown, Mary D Ruppe, Kassner Rory, Kumar Princy, Kehoe Theresa et al. (2004) Reduced Bone Mineral Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients and Its Association with Increased Central Adiposity and Postload Hyperglycemia. , The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89(3), 1200-1206.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031506"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"17.Amorosa V, Tebas P. (2005) Bone disease and HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. , Epub Nov 42(1), 108-14."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18.Dolan S E, Kanter J R, Grinspoon S. (2006) Longitudinal analysis of bone density in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. , J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91, 2938-2945.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0127"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"19.Triant V A, Brown T T, Lee H, Grinspoon S K. (2008) Fracture prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients in a large U.S. healthcare system. , J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(9), 3499-504.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0828"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20.Teichmann J, Stephan E, Lange U. (2003) Osteopenia in HIV-infected women prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy. , J Infect 46, 221-7.","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1109"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21.Libois A, Clumeck N, Kabeya K, Gerard M, S De Wit et al. (2009) Risk factors of osteopenia in HIV-infected women: no role of antiretroviral therapy. , Maturitas 65(1), 51-54.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.10.009"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"22.G\u00fcerri-Fernandez R, Vestergaard P, Carbonell C, Knobel H, Avil\u00e9s F F et al. (2013) HIV infection is strongly associated with hip fracture risk, independently of age, gender, and comorbidities: a population-based cohort study. , J Bone Miner Res 28, 1259-63.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1874"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"23.Jones S, Restrepo D, Kasowitz A. (2008) Risk factors for decreased bone density and effects of HIV on bone in the elderly. , Osteoporos Int 19(7), 913-918.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0524-8"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"24.Tebas P, Umbleja T, Dube M. (2007) Initiation of ART is associated with bone loos independent of the specific ART regimen:. Results of ACTG A5005s (abstract 837). In: Program and abstracts of the 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 26 February , Los Angeles, CA ."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"25.Mondy K, Yarasheski K, Powderly W G. (2003) Longitudinal evolution of bone mineral density and bone markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Clin Inf Dis. 36, 482-90.","DOI":"10.1086\/367569"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1435","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1600512452000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1435"}},"editor":[{"given":"Shivaji Kashinath","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MapMyGenome India Limited, Hyderabad Previous experience, Sandor Life Sciences Pvt Ltd\/ NIMR, Indian Council of Medical Research, Goa, NIRRH ICMR Mumbai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3003","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"article-number":"1435"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:55:39Z","timestamp":1787064939553,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV infection, only around 25% of at-risk individuals in the United States have accessed a prescription. One way to increase PrEP uptake is through the sexual health screening of patients and linkage to PrEP in primary care settings. The objective of this analysis was to assess the barriers and implementation strategies during a screening and linkage to PrEP pilot intervention. Primary care patients were screened for PrEP indication during routine primary care visits. Of the 1,225 individuals screened, 1.8% (n=22) were eligible for PrEP and from those, 77.3% (n=17) attended the specialist appointment and were prescribed PrEP. Primary care patients (n=30) and providers (n=8) then participated in semi-structured interviews assessing their experience with the pilot intervention. Using an applied thematic analytic approach, patients and providers identified barriers and related improvement strategies that could be classified into four main categories: 1) Financial Barriers: Individual- vs. Clinic-level Considerations 2) The Role of Stigma, Discomfort, and Cultural Factors 3) Logistical Hurdles and Streamlining the Intervention, and 4) The Lack of PrEP Knowledge and the Need for Education. Findings support the accepatability and feasibility of screening for PrEP in primary care along with appropriate implementation strategies. This study suggests that because of the high volume of patients seen in primary care, sexual health screenings and linkage to PrEP interventions have the potential to reduce new incident HIV infections among diverse sexual minority men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T02:10:53Z","timestamp":1672798253000},"page":"15-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Barriers and Opportunities to Improve the Implementation of Patient Screening and Linkage to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Primary Care"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Carrie L.","family":"Nacht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Felner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Muthuramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik D.","family":"Storholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Felner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University Research Foundation, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulin","family":"Hechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research & Evaluation, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research & Evaluation, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah Ling","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research & Evaluation, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Towner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research & Evaluation, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Martos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center Department of Consulting Services, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik D.","family":"Storholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Santa Monica, CA; University of California Los Angeles, Department of Family Medicine, Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.V A Fonner, S L Dalglish, C E Kennedy, Baggaley R, K R O'Reilly. (2016) Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis for all populations. , Aids 30(12), 1973-1983.","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000001145"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.C I Okwundu, O A Uthman, C A Okoromah. (2012) Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7). , Cd007189","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd007189.pub3"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3. (2021) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PrEP for HIV Prevention in the U.S.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/fact-sheets\/hiv\/PrEP-for-hiv-prevention-in-the-US-factsheet.html#","DOI":"10.1037\/e584402012-001"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"4. (2019) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV Surveillance Report."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5.R Y Barrow, Ahmed F, G A Bolan, K A Workowski. (2020) Recommendations for Providing Quality Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinical Services. , MMWR Recomm Rep 68(5), 1-20.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6805a1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"6.Finocchario-Kessler S, Champassak S, M J Hoyt, Short W, Chakraborty R. (2016) Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Safer Conception Among Serodifferent Couples:. Findings from Healthcare Providers Serving Patients with HIV in Seven US Cities. AIDS Patient Care STDS 30(3), 125-133.","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2015.0268"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"7.A E Petroll, J L Walsh, J L Owczarzak, T L McAuliffe, L M Bogart. (2017) . PrEP Awareness, Familiarity, Comfort, and Prescribing Experience among US Primary Care Providers and HIV Specialists. AIDS Behav 21(5), 1256-1267.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1625-1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8.Tellalian D, Maznavi K, U F Bredeek, W D Hardy. (2013) Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection: results of a survey of HIV healthcare providers evaluating their knowledge, attitudes, and prescribing practices. , AIDS Patient Care STDS 27(10), 553-559.","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2013.0173"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9.Bacon O, Gonzalez R, Andrew E, M B Potter, J R I\u00f1iguez. (2017) Brief Report: Informing Strategies to Build PrEP Capacity Among San Francisco Bay Area Clinicians. , J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 74(2), 175-179.","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001182"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10.Karim Abdool, Abdool Karim Q, S, J A Frohlich, A C Grobler et al. (2010) Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. , Science 329(5996), 1168-1174.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193748"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11.Bradley H, E M Rosenthal, M A Barranco, Udo T, P S Sullivan. (2020) Use of Population-Based Surveys for Estimating the Population Size of Persons Who Inject Drugs in the United States. J Infect Dis,222(Suppl5),218-s229.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa318"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12.M B Huang, Ye L, B Y Liang, C Y Ning, W et al. (2015) Characterizing the HIV\/AIDS Epidemic in the United States and China. , Int J Environ Res Public Health 13(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13010030"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13.S A, J K Stockman. (2010) Epidemiology of HIV among injecting and non-injecting drug users: current trends and implications for interventions. , Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep 7(2), 99-106.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-010-0043-7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14.M C Thigpen, P M Kebaabetswe, L A Paxton, D K Smith, C E Rose. (2012) Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. New England. , Journal of Medicine 367(5), 423-434.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1110711"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"15.L M Adams, B H. (2016) HIV providers' likelihood to prescribe pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention differs by patient type: a short report. , AIDS care 28(9), 1154-1158.","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1153595"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16.O J Blackstock, B A Moore, G V Berkenblit, S K Calabrese, C O. (2017) A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adoption Among Primary Care Physicians. , J Gen Intern Med 32(1), 62-70.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3903-z"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"17.Krakower D, Ware N, J A Mitty, Maloney K, K H Mayer. (2014) HIV providers' perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis in care settings: a qualitative study. , AIDS Behav 18(9), 1712-1721.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0839-3"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18.D S Krakower, K M Maloney, Grasso C, Melbourne K, K H Mayer. (2016) Primary care clinicians' experiences prescribing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis at a specialized community health centre in Boston: lessons from early adopters. , J Int AIDS Soc 19(1), 21165.","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.19.1.21165"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"19.B O, E S Marx, A H Kral, S C Coughlin, Bowman M. (1991) Frequency and thoroughness of STD\/HIV risk assessment by physicians in a high-risk metropolitan area. , Am J Public Health 81(12), 1645-1648.","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.81.12.1645"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"20.S K Melville, S I Arbona, C L Jablonski, L I Kantor, J H Lee. (2004) Risk assessment practices of Texas private practitioners for sexually transmitted diseases. , Tex Med 100(6), 60-64."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21.M R Ashton, R L Cook, H C Wiesenfeld, M A Krohn, Zamborsky T. (2002) Primary care physician attitudes regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis. 29(4), 246-251.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200204000-00011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"22.E D Storholm, Siconolfi D, Huang W, Towner W, D L Grant. (2021) Project SLIP: Implementation of a PrEP Screening and Linkage Intervention in Primary Care. , AIDS Behav 25(8), 2348-2357.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03197-w"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"23.Permanente K.Our impact. in California.https:\/\/about.kaiserpermanente.org\/our-story\/news\/public-policy-perspectives\/our-impact\/news-perspectives-on-public-policy-california"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"24.G W Ryan, H R Bernard. (2003) Techniques to identify themes. , Field Methods 15(1), 85-109.","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822x02239569"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"25. (2012) Applied Thematic Analysis."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"26.Braun V, Clarke V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. , Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2), 77-101.","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"27.Saldana J. (2015) The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers Sage."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"28. (2020) . , QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo. In"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"29.O\u2019Connor C, Joffe H. (2020) Intercoder Reliability in Qualitative Research: Debates and Practical Guidelines. , International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19, 1609406919899220.","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919899220"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"30.K H Mayer, Agwu A, Malebranche D. (2020) Barriers to the Wider Use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Narrative Review. Advances in Therapy. 37(5), 1778-1811.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01295-0"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"31.McNeely J, P C Kumar, Rieckmann T, Sedlander E, Farkas S. (2018) Barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of substance use screening in primary care clinics: a qualitative study of patients, providers, and staff. , Addict Sci Clin Pract 13(1), 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-018-0110-8"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"32.H I Meissner, C N Klabunde, Breen N, J M Zapka. (2012) Breast and colorectal cancer screening: U.S. primary care physicians' reports of barriers. , Am J Prev Med 43(6), 584-589.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.08.016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"33.J M Coughlin, Zang Y, Terranella S, Alex G, Karush J. (2020) Understanding barriers to lung cancer screening in primary care. , J Thorac Dis 12(5), 2536-2544.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.66"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"34.A S O'Malley, Beaton E, K R Yabroff, Abramson R, Mandelblatt J. (2004) Patient and provider barriers to colorectal cancer screening in the primary care safety-net. , Prev Med 39(1), 56-63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.022"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"35.Blumenthal J, Jain S, Krakower D, Sun X, Young J. (2015) Knowledge is Power! Increased Provider Knowledge Scores Regarding Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) are Associated with Higher Rates of PrEP Prescription and Future Intent to Prescribe PrEP. , AIDS Behav 19(5), 802-810.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-0996-z"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36.R M Pinto, K R Berringer, Melendez R, Mmeje O. (2018) Improving PrEP Implementation Through Multilevel Interventions: A Synthesis of the Literature. , AIDS Behav 22(11), 3681-3691.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2184-4"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37.E D Storholm, A J Ober, M L, Matthews L, Sargent M. (2021) Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Informing Network-Based Interventions. , AIDS Educ Prev 33(4), 325-344.","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.4.325"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"38.Pleuhs B, K G Quinn, J L Walsh, A E Petroll, S A John. (2020) Health care provider barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS patient care and STDs. 34(3), 111-123.","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0189"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"39.Blumenthal J, Jain S, Krakower D, Sun X, Young J. (2015) Knowledge is Power! Increased Provider Knowledge Scores Regarding Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). are Associated with Higher Rates of PrEP Prescription and Future Intent to Prescribe PrEP. AIDS and Behavior 19(5), 802-810.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-0996-z"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"40.K G Quinn, Christenson E, Spector A, Amirkhanian Y, J A Kelly.The Influence of Peers on PrEP Perceptions and Use Among Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Qualitative Examination. , Arch Sex Behav 49(6), 2129-2143.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01593-x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"41.Y T Chen, D T, Issema R, W C Goedel, Call.Social-Environmental Resilience, PrEP Uptake, and Viral Suppression among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men and Young Black Transgender Women: the Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) Study in Chicago. , J Urban Health 97(5), 728-738.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00425-x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"42.Wood S, Dowshen N, J A Bauermeister, Lalley-Chareczko L, Franklin J. (2020) Social Support Networks Among Young Men and Transgender Women of Color Receiving HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. , J Adolesc Health 66(3), 268-274.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.08.014"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"43.Wood S, Gross R, J A Shea, J A Bauermeister, Franklin J. (2019) Barriers and Facilitators of PrEP Adherence for Young Men and Transgender Women of Color [Article]. , AIDS and Behavior 23(10), 2719-2729.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02502-y"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"44.S M Wood, K H Morales, Metzger D, Davis A, Fiore D. (2021) Mental Health, Social Influences, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Utilization Among Men and Transgender Individuals Screening for HIV Prevention Trials. , AIDS Behav 25(2), 524-531.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03004-y"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"45.French R, Coope C, Graham A, Gerressu M, Salisbury C. (2006) One stop shop versus collaborative integration: What is the best way of delivering sexual health services?. , Sex Transm Infect 82, 202-206.","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.018093"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T02:11:04Z","timestamp":1672798264000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1900"}},"editor":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiologist, Clinical HIV Research Unit, Helen Joseph Hospital, Houghton, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4371","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"article-number":"1900"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1760706929739,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T21:50:51Z","timestamp":1504129851000},"page":"18-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disability and Health Outcomes \u2013 From a Cohort of People on Long Term ART"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Myezwa","family":"Hellen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanass-Hancock","family":"Jill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Health Economics HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KZN"},{"name":"3 South African Medical Research Council, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tunde Ajidahun","family":"Adedayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carpenter","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Health Economics HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KZN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Valdiserri R O Commentary: thirty years of AIDS in America: a story of infinite hope 2011 AIDS Education and Prevention 23 6 479","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2011.23.6.479"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"2. 2014 UNAIDS.Country report[Online].[cited 23\/08\/2015 ].Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Deeks S G Lewin S R Havlir D V The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease. The Lancet 2013 382 9903 1525 33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61809-7"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Nixon S A Hanass-Hancock J Whiteside A Barnett T The increasing chronicity of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Re-thinking&quot; HIV as a long-wave event\u201d in the era of widespread access to ART. Globalization and health 2011 7 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-7-41"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Myezwa H Stewart A Musenge E Nesara P Assessment of HIV-positive in-patients using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital 2009 African Journal of AIDS Research 8 1 93 105 Johannesburg","DOI":"10.2989\/AJAR.2009.8.1.10.723"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Hanass-Hancock J Myezwa H Carpenter B Disability and Living with HIV: Baseline from a Cohort of People on Long Term ART in South Africa 2015 PloS one 10 12 0143936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143936"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Robbins H A Shiels M S Pfeiffer R M Engels E A Epidemiologic contributions to recent cancer trends among HIV-infected people in the United States 2014 AIDS (London, England) 28 6 881","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000163"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Gonzalez J S Batchelder A W Psaros C Safren S A Depression and HIV\/AIDS treatment nonadherence: a review and meta-analysis. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.(1999).58(2) 2011","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0B013E31822D490A"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. PawlowskiAJanssonMSk\u00f6ldMRottenbergM EK\u00e4lleniusGTuberculosis and HIV co-infection2012 PLoS Pathog. 8(2):e1002464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Banks L M Zuurmond M Ferrand R Kuper H The relationship between HIV and prevalence of disabilities in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: systematic review (FA) 2015 Tropical Medicine & International Health 20 4 411 29","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12449"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Hanass-Hancock J Regondi I L Van Egeraat Nixon S HIV-related disability in HIV hyper-endemic countries: a scoping review 2013 World Journal of AIDS 3 03 257","DOI":"10.4236\/wja.2013.33034"},{"key":"ref012","unstructured":"12. 2009 Health Canada.HIV\/AIDS and Disability:Final Report of the 4th International Policy Dialogue International Affairs Directorate. Canada:Health Canada"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Myezwa H Buchalla C Jelsma J Stewart A HIV\/AIDS: use of the ICF in Brazil and South Africa\u2013comparative data from four cross-sectional studies 2011 Physiotherapy 97 1 17 25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2010.08.015"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Hanass-Hancock J Nixon S A The fields of HIV and disability: past, present and future 2009 Journal of the International AIDS Society 12 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-12-28"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. M Van As Myezwa H Stewart A Maleka D Musenge E The International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) in adults visiting the HIV outpatient clinic at a regional hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. AIDS care 2009 21 1 50 8","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802068829"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Petersen I Hancock J H Bhana A Govender K Closing the treatment gap for depression co-morbid with HIV in South Africa: Voices of afflicted women 2013","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2013.53A074"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Petersen I Hancock J H Bhana A Govender K A group-based counselling intervention for depression comorbid with HIV\/AIDS using a task shifting approach in South Africa: a randomized controlled pilot study 2014 Journal of affective disorders 158 78 84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.013"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. \u00dcst\u00fcn T B Chatterji S Bickenbach J Kostanjsek N Schneider M The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a new tool for understanding disability and health. Disability and rehabilitation 2003 25 11","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828031000137063"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Mannheimer S Thackeray L Huppler Hullsiek K Chesney M Gardner E Wu A A randomized comparison of two instruments for measuring self-reported antiretroviral adherence 2008 AIDS care 20 2 161 9","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701534699"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Walker D A JMASM9: converting Kendall\u2019s tau for correlational or meta-analytic analyses 2003 Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 2 2 26","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1067646360"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Hanass-Hancock J Misselhorn A Carpenter B Myezwa H Determinants of livelihood in the era of widespread access to ART. AIDS 2016 1 8","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1201192"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Duran S Spire B Raffi F Walter V Bouhour D Journot V Self-reported symptoms after initiation of a protease inhibitor in HIV-infected patients and their impact on adherence to HAART. HIV clinical trials 2001 2 1 38 45","DOI":"10.1310\/R8M7-EQ0M-CNPW-39FC"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Carlozzi N E Kratz A L Downing N R Goodnight S Miner J A Migliore N 2015 Validity of the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in individuals with Huntington disease (HD). Quality of Life Research 24 8 1963 71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-0930-x"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Myer L Smit J Roux L L Parker S Stein D J Seedat S Common mental disorders among HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS patient care and STDs 2008 22 2 147 58","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0102"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Zhang W O\u2019Brien N Forrest J I Salters K A Patterson T L Montaner J S Validating a shortened depression scale (10 item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British Columbia 2012 Canada. PLoS One 7 7 40793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040793"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Mannheimer S Mukherjee R Hirschhorn L Dougherty J Celano S Ciccarone D The CASE adherence index: A novel method for measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy 2006 AIDS care 18 7 853 61","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500465160"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Bursac Z Gauss C H Williams D K Hosmer D W Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source code for biology and medicine 2008 3 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Nyirenda M Chatterji S Falkingham J Mutevedzi P Hosegood V Evandrou M An investigation of factors associated with the health and well-being of HIV-infected or HIV-affected older people in rural South Africa 2012 BMC Public Health 12 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-259"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Scholten F Mugisha J Seeley J Kinyanda E Nakubukwa S Kowal P (2011)Health and functional status among older people with HIV\/AIDS in Uganda BMC Public Health 11 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-886"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Peltzer K Phaswana-Mafuya N Health-related quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected South Africans 2008 African Journal of AIDS Research 7 2 209 18","DOI":"10.2989\/AJAR.2008.7.2.6.523"},{"key":"ref031","unstructured":"31. Disease Control and Prevention. Analysis Plan for Pre-testing the WG Short Measurement Set on Disability Atlanta2006[updated(March312010)cited(2017 April 6].Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/washington_group\/meeting6\/appendix6_analytic_plan.pdf Center for"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Rusch M Nixon S Schilder A Braitstein P Chan K Hogg R S Impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions: prevalence and associations among persons living with HIV\/AIDS 2004 in British Columbia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2 1 1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-46"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Olley B Seedat S Nei D Stein D Predictors of major depression in recently diagnosed patients with HIV\/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS patient care and STDs 2004 18 8 481 7","DOI":"10.1089\/1087291041703700"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Goletz T J Klimpel K R Arora N Leppla S H Keith J M Berzofsky J A Targeting HIV proteins to the major histocompatibility complex class I processing pathway with a novel gp120-anthrax toxin fusion protein 1997 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94 22 12059 64","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.22.12059"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Mir\u00f3 \u00d2 L\u00f3pez S Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0 J Garrabou G Pedrol E Badia E Short communication: HIV infection, antiretrovirals, and apoptosis: studies on skeletal muscle 2005 AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses 21 8 702 5","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.702"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Lima V D Geller J Bangsberg D R Patterson T L Daniel M Kerr T The effect of adherence on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality among HIV-infected individuals first initiating HAART 2007 Aids 21 9 1175 83","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32811ebf57"},{"key":"ref037","unstructured":"37. Tantisiriwat W Zolopa A Andersen J Powderly W Sanchez A Sanne I Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression\/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial 2009 Journal of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Agents 26 3 135 6"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Zolopa A R Andersen J Komarow L Sanne I Sanchez A Hogg E Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression\/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial 2009 PloS one 4 5 5575","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005575"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Geyh S Cieza A Kollerits B Grimby G Stucki G Content comparison of health-related quality of life measures used in stroke based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF): a systematic review 2007 Quality of Life Research 16 5 833 51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9174-8"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Woby S R Roach N K Urmston M Watson P J The relation between cognitive factors and levels of pain and disability in chronic low back pain patients presenting for physiotherapy. European journal of pain 2007 11 8 869 77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.01.005"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Chetty V Hanass-Hancock J Myezwa H Expert consensus on the rehabilitation framework guiding a model of care for people living with HIV in a South African setting 2016 Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 27 1 77 88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2015.10.003"},{"key":"ref042","unstructured":"42. Health S Trust 2017 National Strategic Plan on HIV, TB and STIs2017-2022.Available from: 2017 2022"},{"key":"ref043","unstructured":"43. DOH Framework and Strategy for Disability and Rehabilitation Services in2016. Available from:ilifalabantwana.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Framework-25-may_1_3.docx"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/542\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/542\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1760704239000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/542"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1430","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:53:52Z","timestamp":1763747632209,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,14]],"date-time":"2017-04-14T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1492154236000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Supporting Quality Data Systems:\u00a0\u00a0Lessons Learned from Early Implementation of Routine Viral Load Monitoring at a Large Clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Gibb","family":"Jean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitsulo","family":"Jimmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chipungu","family":"Chifundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chivwara","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Schooley","family":"Alan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Partners in Hope Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Hoffman","family":"Risa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. World Health Organization.WHO Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach 2016"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"2. 2016 Malawi Ministry of Health.Clinical Management of HIV In Children and Adults"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Phillips A Shroufi A Vojnov A Cohn J Roberts T Sustainable HIV treatment in Africa through viral-load-informed differentiated care 2015 Nature 528 7580 68 76","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16046"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. S E Rutstein M C Hosseinipour Kamwendo D Soko A Mkandawire M Dried blood spots for viral load monitoring in Malawi: feasible and effective. PLoS One 2015 10 4 0124748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124748"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Maman D Chilima B Masiku C Ayouba A Masson S Closer to90-90-90.The cascade of care after 10 years of ART scale-up in rural Malawi: a population study 2016 J Int AIDS Soc 19 1 20673","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20673"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Jobanputra K Parker L A Azih C Okello V Maphalala G Impact and programmatic implications of routine viral load monitoring in Swaziland 2014 J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 67 1 45 51","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000224"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Roberts T Cohn J Bonner K Hargreaves S Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges. Clin Infect Dis 2016 62 8 1043 1048","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw001"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Dansereau E Gakidou E Ng M Achan J Burstein R 2015 Trends and Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Patient Monitoring Practices in Kenya and Uganda. PLoS One 10 8 0135653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135653"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Peter T Ellenberger D Ki A A Boeras D Messele T Early antiretroviral therapy initiation: access and equity of viral load testing for HIV treatment monitoring. Lancet Infect Dis 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30212-2"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Habib O R Bartlett J A Thielman N M Pence B W Kimani S M The Effect of Switching to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on the Risk of Opportunistic Infections Among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Northern Tanzania. Open Forum Infectious Diseases.3(1),ofw018 2016","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw018"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Sigaloff K C Hamers R L Kityo C Siwale M Ive P Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accmulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa.J Acq Imm Def Syn.2011;58(1): 2013 23 31","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318227fc34"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Lecher S Williams J Fonjungo P N Kim A A Ellenberger D Scale-up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring--Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries 2015 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64 46 1287 1290","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6446a3"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Lecher S Williams J Fonjungo P N Kim A A Ellenberger D 2016 Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring - Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries,January2015-June2016.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65 47 1332 1335","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6547a2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/451\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/451\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/oap-journals.org\/jcrhap\/article\/451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1760693804000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/451"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1468","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T03:35:32Z","timestamp":1649216132733},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T07:12:15Z","timestamp":1517987535000},"page":"23-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Practice of Using and\/or Cutting The Body With Sharp Objects: A Case Study of University Students\u2019 Risk Awareness in Selected Universities in Abia State"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"E.E","family":"Enwereji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E I.","family":"Akubugwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.O.","family":"Onwuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.C.","family":"Chikezie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T07:12:16Z","timestamp":1517987536000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/683"}},"editor":[{"given":"Shivaji Kashinath","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1908","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T13:50:23Z","timestamp":1648561823853},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1444035912000},"page":"12-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Path Analysis Of Physical Symptoms, Emotional Support, Self-esteem, And Depressive Symptoms In HIV-positive Perinatal Women In Thailand"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ratchneewan","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Kleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pimpanitta","family":"Saenyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Warner Stidham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/94","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T04:43:28Z","timestamp":1490935408000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/94"}},"editor":[{"given":"Koosha","family":"Paydary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-147","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:10:43Z","timestamp":1760695843044,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1444025119000},"page":"29-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship Between Awareness of HIV\/AIDS and Attitudes of Secondary School Students to Premarital HIV Counseling and Testing in Zaria, Northern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Obiako","family":"OR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Departments of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muktar","family":"HM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Haematology & Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheikh","family":"TL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamman","family":"AI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Haematology & Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EE","family":"Anyebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Research and Training Unit, School of Nursing, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CO","family":"Obiako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Nasara HIV Treatment and Care Center, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria Kaduna State."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. HIVAIDS other sexually transmitted infections in Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Federal Ministry of Health Abuja"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"2. UNAIDSWHO AIDS Epidemic Update:December,2011. Geneva:UNAIDS,2011"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"3. Factsheet Update on the HIV\/AIDS Epidemic and Response in Nigeria. Available online at http:www. naca.gov.ng\/content\/view\/432\/lang.en (accessed on14thDecember2012) 2011"},{"key":"ref004","unstructured":"4. Adeokun L (Association for Reproductive and Family Health. Ibadan, Nigeria). Social and cultural factors affecting the HIV epidemic.In: 2006 AIDS in Nigeria:- A Nation on the threshold.Olusoji Adeyi, Phyllis J Kanki, Oluwole Odutolu and John Idoko (eds).Harvard Series on Population and International Health,HarvardUniversityPress 151 191"},{"key":"ref005","unstructured":"5. HIVAIDS Prevention of infection among adolescents and young adults. Available online at http:\/\/www.childinfo.org\/areas\/hivaids\/youngpeople.php. (accessed on 04th,January,2013)"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Umar A S Ibrahim M T Mannan K A Umar U S AIDS: perceptions and misperceptions among students of a Nigeria University 2005 Nig. Postgrad. Med J 12 173 178","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.175279"},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"7. Adekeye O A Adolescents and the HIV pandemic 2005 J Postgrad Stud Assoc(Ilorin) 3 23 28"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"8. Adogoke A A Adolescents in Africa: Revealing the problems of teenagers in a contemporary African society.Ibadan:Haddasah Publishing 2003"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"9. Adogoke A A Adolescence and adolescent problems in schools In Adeyemi Idowu, Guidance and counselling in education. Ilorin:Indemac Publishing,2003"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Fawole I O Asuzu M C Oduntan S O Brieger W R A school-based AIDS education programme for secondary school students in Nigeria: a review of effectiveness. Health Educ Res 1999 14 675 83","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/14.5.675"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Iyaniwura C A Attitude of teachers to school based adolescent reproductive health interventions 2004 J. Comm Med.Prim Health Care 16 4 9","DOI":"10.4314\/jcmphc.v16i1.32399"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Ajuwon A J Titiloye M Oshiname F Oyewole O Knowledge and use of HIV counselling and testing services among young persons in Ibadan Nigeria. Int Q Comm Health Educ,2010-2011; 31 1 33 50","DOI":"10.2190\/IQ.31.1.d"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. National.HIV\/AIDS strategic framework 2010-15. National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) 2009 Abuja, Nigeria"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Society for Adolescent Medicine: Meeting the health care need of adolescents in managed care J. Adolescent Health.1998; 22 271 277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(98)00007-X"},{"key":"ref015","unstructured":"15. UNAIDS WHO UNICEF Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV\/AIDS interventions in the health sector 2008 WHO\/ UNAIDS & UNICEF Geneva"},{"key":"ref016","unstructured":"16. Global HIVAIDS Response Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access 2011 WHO\/UNAIDS\/UNICEF, Geneva"},{"key":"ref017","unstructured":"17. Jones D Understanding why women decline HIV testing. Midwives 2004 7 344 347"},{"key":"ref018","unstructured":"18. Brian W P Ostermann J Whetten K Kumar V Improvement still needed in HIV testing in high \u2013risk groups. Duke Medical Team, Duke University 2011"},{"key":"ref019","unstructured":"19. Obiako O R Muktar H M Mamman A I Sheikh T L Tabi-Ajayi E Obiako C O Sexual behavior, awareness of HIV\/AIDS, and attitudes of unmarried tertiary school students to HIV counselling and testing: implications for control of HIV transmission. Adv Trop Med Pub Health Int 2012 2 3 109 123"},{"key":"ref020","unstructured":"20. Margaret O Araoye Sample Size Determination. In: Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences Nathadex Publishers, Ilorin.2004, Pg 115 120"},{"key":"ref021","unstructured":"21. Research Package Knowledge Attitude Beliefs and Practices on AIDS (KABP) Phase 1. WHO, Geneva,1990"},{"key":"ref022","unstructured":"22. Adekeye O A HIV Voluntary Counselling for Young People: the antidote for a healthy and positive living in Nigeria. Counsellor 2009 25 1"},{"key":"ref023","unstructured":"23. OkpalaP UEbenebeU EIbehC CVoluntary Counseling and Testing among African women http:\/\/www.valleyaids.org\/presentations8\/17\/200911.04pm"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Li-Wei Chao Gow J Akintola G Pauly M HIV\/AIDS stigma attitudes among educators in KwaZulu-Natal 2010 South Africa. J. School Health 80 11 561 569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2010.00542.x"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Mezie-Okoye M M Tobin-West C I Perception of routine HIV Counselling and Testing for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV infection in Rivers State, South-South, Nigeria.Nigerian Medical Practitioner57(1-2): 2010 3 7","DOI":"10.4314\/nmp.v57i1-2.55744"},{"key":"ref026","unstructured":"26. WHO.Counselling for HIV\/AIDS: A key to Caring Geneva1995.WHO\/GPA\/TCO\/HCS\/95.15"},{"key":"ref027","unstructured":"27. Malaysiakini Pre-marital HIV testing for non-Muslims. Malaysian Medical Resources.2008Dec.22"},{"key":"ref028","unstructured":"28. Ehiri J Anyanwu E Donath E Kanu I Jolly P AIDS- related stigma in sub-Saharan Africa: its context and potential intervention strategies 2005 AIDS Public Policy J 20 25 39"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Crandall C S Coleman R AIDS-related stigmatization and the disruption of social relationships. J Soc Pers Rel 1992 9 163","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407592092001"},{"key":"ref030","unstructured":"30. Zubairu I Isa S A Mohammed K Muktar H A Knowledge of HIV\/AIDS and attitude towards voluntary counseling and testing among adults 2006 J Natl Med Assoc 98 1917 22"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Iyaniwura C A Daniel O J Adelowo OO. Attitude of youths to sexual abstinence as a strategy for HIV prevention. Nigerian Medical Practitioner 2007 52 2 33 37","DOI":"10.4314\/nmp.v52i2.28888"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/58\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/58\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/58","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:35:32Z","timestamp":1760693732000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/58"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-227","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:15:14Z","timestamp":1760746514353,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T08:09:59Z","timestamp":1444032599000},"page":"22-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among People Being Treated for HIV in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Aryal","family":"Nirmal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Division of Applied Health Sciences, Forester Hill Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marais","family":"Debbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Division of Applied Health Sciences, Forester Hill Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simkhada","family":"Padam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Fellay J Prevalence of adverse events associated with potent antiretroviral treatment: Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet 2001 358 9290 1322 27","key":"ref001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06413-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Hawkins T Understanding and managing the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy 2010 Antiviral Research 85 1 201 9","key":"ref002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Friis-Moller N Weber R Reiss P Thiebaut R Kirk O Monforte A A Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients-association with anti-retroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study. AIDS 2003 17 8 1179 93","key":"ref003","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study Group, and Smith C: Factors associated with specific causes of death amongst HIV positive individuals in the D:A:D study. AIDS 2010 24 1537 48","key":"ref004","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833a0918"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Schuster I Thoni G S Ederhy S Walther G Nottin S Vinet A Subclinical cardiac abnormalities in human immune deficiency virus-infected men receiving antiretroviral therapy 2008 The American Journal of Cardiology 101 8 1213 17","key":"ref005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.11.073"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Grinsppon S Carr A: Cardiovascular risk and body fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults New England Journal of Medicine 352 48 62","key":"ref006","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041811"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Scherzer R Estrella M Li Y Choi A I Deeks S G Grunfeld C Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection 2012 AIDS 26 7 867","key":"ref007","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328351f68f"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Clingerman E M Participation in physical activity by persons living with HIV disease 2003 The Journal of the Association of the Nurses in AIDS Care 14 5 59 70","key":"ref008","DOI":"10.1177\/1055329003255284"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. ACFL Duran Almeida L B AAC Segurado Jamie P C Diet quality of persons living with HIV\/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy 2008 Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 21 4 346 50","key":"ref009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2008.00886.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Galvan F H Bing E G Fleishman J A London A S Caetano R Burnam M A The prevalence of alcohol consumption and heavy drinking among people with HIV in the United States: Results from the HIV cost and services utilization study 2002 Journal of Studies on Alcohol 63 2 179 86","key":"ref010","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.179"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Glass T R Ungsedhapand C Wolbers M Weber R Vernazza P L Rickenbach M Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients over time: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study 2006 HIV Medicine 7 6 404 10","key":"ref011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00400.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Freiberg M S McGinnis K A Kraemer K Samet J H Conigliaro J Curtis E R The association between alcohol consumption and prevalent cardiovascular diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men 2010 Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 53 2 247 53","key":"ref012","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c6c4b7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Karar Z A Alam N Streatfield PK: Epidemiological transition in rural Bangladesh,1986-2006.Global Health Action 2009 2 1 9","key":"ref013","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v2i0.1904"},{"unstructured":"14. WHO report. HIV\/AIDS programme highlights 2008-2009 [http:\/\/whqlibdoc. who.int\/publications\/2010 978924159 9450 eng.pdf","key":"ref014"},{"unstructured":"15. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC): HIV estimating briefing 2008 Kathmandu. Ministry of Health & Population, Government of Nepal","key":"ref015"},{"unstructured":"16. 2010 National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC):ART Report-Sitewise Summary: 4th Trimester Report.Kathmandu.Ministry of Health and Population,Government of Nepal","key":"ref016"},{"unstructured":"17. Vaidya A Pokharel P Nagesh S Karki P Kumar S Majhi S Association of obesity and physical activity in adult males of Dharan,Nepal 2006 4 2 Kathmandu University Medical Journal","key":"ref017"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Sharma S K Ghimire A Radhakrishnan J Thapa L Shrestha N R Paudel N Prevalence of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in Nepal 2011 International Journal of Hypertension. doi: 10.4061\/2011\/821971. Article ID 821971: 9 10.4061\/2011\/821971","key":"ref018","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/821971"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Sharma S K Zou H Togtokh A Ene-Iordache B Carminati S Remuzzi A Burden of CKD, proteinuria, and cardiovascular risk among chinese, mongolian, and nepalese participants in the international society of nephrology screening programs American Journal of Kidney Diseases 56 5 915 27","key":"ref019","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.06.022"},{"unstructured":"20. Ministry of Health and Population: Nepal non-communicable diseases risk factor survey 2007. Kathmandu : Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal; 2009","key":"ref020"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Maskey A Sayami A Pandey M R Coronary artery disease: An emerging epidemic in Nepal 2003 Journal of Nepal Medical Association 42 122 24","key":"ref021","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.807"},{"unstructured":"22. 2010 National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC): Health sector response to HIV and AIDS in Nepal: Annual report,2008\/2009. Kathmandu:Ministry of Health and Population,Government of Nepal","key":"ref022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Saleheen D Zaidi M Rasheed A Ahmad U Hakeem A Murtaza M The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study: a resource for the study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of myocardial infarction in South Asia 2009 European Journal of Epidemiology 24 6 329 38","key":"ref023","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9334-y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Smith B H Campbell H Blackwood D Connell J Deary I J Dominiczak A F Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study; a new resource for researching genes and heritability 2006 BMC Medical Genetics 7 74","key":"ref024","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-7-74"},{"unstructured":"25. World Health Organization (WHO): Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO expert committee1995 Geneva: WHO (Technical Report Series no. 854);","key":"ref025"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Chalmers J MacMahon S Mancia G Whitworth J Beilin L Hansson L World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee of the World Health Organization. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York,NY: 1999 1993 21","key":"ref026","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969909061028"},{"unstructured":"27. International Association for the study of obesity and International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific Perspective. Redefining obesity and its treatment. International Diabetes Institute : Western Pacific Region,Health Communications AustaliaPvt.Ltd 2000","key":"ref027"},{"unstructured":"28. World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consulation on obesity; 1997 WHO\/NUT\/NCD 98 1","key":"ref028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Levey A S Coresh J Balk E Kausz A T Levin A Steffes M W National kidney foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med 2003 139 2 137 47","key":"ref029","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Cockcroft D W Gault M H Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine 1976 Nephron 16 1 31 41","key":"ref030","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580"},{"unstructured":"31. Moyle G Moutschen M Mart\u00ednez E Domingo P Guaraldi G Raffi F Epidemiology, assessment, and management of excess abdominal fat in persons with HIV infection. AIDS Rev 2010 12 1 3 14","key":"ref031"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Falutz J Management of fat accumulation in patients with HIV infection. Current HIV\/AIDS Reports 2011 1 9","key":"ref032","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-011-0087-3"},{"unstructured":"33. Adhikari K Jain V Adak M Gupta N Koshy AK: Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescent in Parsa district of Nepal Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 4 1 568 75","key":"ref033"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Galli M Veglia F Angarano G Santambrogio S Meneghini E Gritti F Gender differences in antiretroviral drug related adipose tissue alterations;women are at higher risk than men and develop particular lipodystrophy patterns 2003 Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 34 1 58 61","key":"ref034","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200309010-00008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Pandit K Goswami S Ghosh S Mukhopadhyay P Chowdhury S Metabolic syndrome in south asians 2012 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 16 1 44","key":"ref035","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.91187"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Yanagisawa N Ando M Ajisawa A Imamura A Suganuma A Tsuchiya K et al.: Clinical characteristics of kidney disease in Japanese HIV-infected patients. Nephron Clinical Practice 2011 118 3 285 91","key":"ref036","DOI":"10.1159\/000322278"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Cheung C Y Wong K M Lee M P Liu Y L Kwok H Chung R et al.: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Chinese HIV-infected patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22 11 3186 90","key":"ref037","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm350"},{"unstructured":"38. World Health Organisation (WHO): 2010ART guidelines for adults and adolescents.Geneva:WHO 2010","key":"ref038"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Medina-Torne S Ganesan A Barahona I Crum-Cianflone N F Hypertension is common among HIV-infected persons, but not associated with HAART 2012 Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 11 1 20 5","key":"ref039","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109711418361"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Bergersen B Sandvik L Dunlop O Birkeland K Bruun J Prevalence of hypertension in HIV-positive patients on highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) compared with HAART-naive and HIV-negative controls: Results from a norwegian study of 721 patients 2003 European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 22 12 731 6","key":"ref040","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1034-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Bloomfield G S Hogan J W Keter A Sang E Carter E J Velazquez E J Hypertension and obesity as cardiovascular risk factors among HIV seropositive patients in western Kenya 2011 PLoS One 6 7 22288","key":"ref041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022288"},{"unstructured":"42. Sharma D Bkc M Rajbhandari S Raut R Baidya S G Kafle P M Study of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in a suburban area of Kathmandu,Nepal.Indian Heart 2006 J 58 1 34","key":"ref042"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Seaberg E C Munoz A Lu M Detels R Margolick J B Riddler S A Association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and hypertension in a large cohort of men followed from1984to2003 2005 AIDS 19 9 953 60","key":"ref043","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000171410.76607.f8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Grandominico J M Fichtenbaum C J Short-term effect of HAART on blood pressure in HIV-infected individuals 2008 HIV Clinical Trials 9 1 52 60","key":"ref044","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0901-52"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Rahmanian S Wewers M E Koletar S Reynolds N Ferketich A Diaz P Cigarette smoking in the HIV-infected population 2011 Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 8 3 313 9","key":"ref045","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201009-058WR"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Peretti-Watel P Garelik D Baron G Spire B Ravaud P Duval X Smoking motivations and quitting motivations among HIV-infected smokers. Antiviral Therapy 2009 14 6 781 87","key":"ref046","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1292"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Justice A C McGinnis K A Atkinson J H Heaton R K Young C Sadek J Psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders among HIV-positive and negative veterans in care: Veterans aging cohort five-site study. AIDS 2004 18 49","key":"ref047","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401001-00008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/78\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/78\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/78","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T08:49:40Z","timestamp":1760690980000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/78"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-157","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1784804772657,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-25-5515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:45:37Z","timestamp":1784803537000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy and Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rao","family":"Anagha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of General Medicine, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, India"},{"name":"* Corresponding Author"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Saylor D Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2018 Oct;24(5, Neuroinfectious Disease): 1397-1421. doi: 10.1212\/CON.0000000000000647. PMID: 30273245; PMCID: PMC8006925 10.1212\/CON.0000000000000647 30273245","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000647"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. OctavianaFYanuarSafri AImranDPricePHIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy [Internet]. Demystifying Polyneuropathy - Recent Advances and New Directions. IntechOpen;2019 Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.81176","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.81176"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Adem K S Janakiraman B Gebremeskel B F Chala M B Gelaw A Y Alemu K Epidemiology and factors associated with peripheral neuropathy among HIV infected patients in Gondar, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019 14 1 30695060 6350981 10.1371\/journal.pone.0211354 30695060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211354"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Schuldt A L Bern H Hart M Gompels M Winston A Clarke A Chen F St\u00f6hr W Heslegrave A Paton N I Petzold A Arenas-Pinto A; PIVOT Study Team. Peripheral Neuropathy in Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV: Evidence from the PIVOT Trial. Viruses 2023 16 1 38275937 10818628 10.3390\/v16010002 38275937","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010002"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Tumusiime D K Venter F Musenge E Stewart A Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and its associated demographic and health status characteristics, among people on antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2014 1306 10 10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1306 25526665","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1306"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Evans S R Ellis R J Chen H Yeh T M Lee A J Schifitto G Wu K Bosch R J McArthur J C Simpson D M Clifford D B Peripheral neuropathy in HIV: prevalence and risk factors. AIDS 2011 25 7 919 28 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328345889d 21330902","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328345889d"},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"7. Pulin Kumar Gupta Varun Vivek Mahto Subodh Hansraj Anand Kuljeet Taneja Rajesh Shrama Narendra Vishal Anand 2020 Prevalence and Predictors of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in Patients with HIV\/AIDS not on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART). The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 68 23 26"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Opemo D Factors Associated with Occurrence of Peripheral Neuropathy among HIV\/AIDS Clients at Kombewa Sub County Hospital of Kisumu County 2020 Open Journal of Nursing 10 665 675 Kenya 10.4236\/ojn.2020.107047","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2020.107047"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"9. Shah H M Patel A S 2018 CD4 Count and Opportunistic Infections in HIV Positive Patients with Neurological Manifestations. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. [cited 9 12 893 6"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"10. Anastasi J K Devine D K Capili B Distal Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy: An Undervalued Determinant of Wellbeing. Health Educ Public Health 2021 Oct;4(3): 450-454. doi: 10.31488\/heph.169. Epub 28 35224488 8870780 10.31488\/heph.169 35224488"},{"key":"ref011","unstructured":"11. Iyagba A Onwuchekwa A HIV-associated peripheral neuropathies: a review Int J Med Res Rev 4 11 2038 10 10.17511\/ijmrr"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Anastasi J K Pakhomova A M Assessment and Management of HIV Distal Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy: Understanding the Symptoms. J Nurse Pract 2020 Apr;16(4): 276-280. doi: 10.1016\/j.nurpra.2019.12.019. Epub 33679267 7928270 10.1016\/j.nurpra.2019.12.019 33679267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2019.12.019"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. A G S P K N B Bs N HIV Associated Sensory Neuropathy. J Clin Diagn Res 2014 Jul;8(7):MC04-7. doi: 10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8143.4531. Epub 20 25177587 4149093 10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8143.4531 25177587"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Cherry C L Skilasky R L Lal L Antiretroviral use and other risks for HIV-associated neuropathies in an international cohort. Neurology 2006 66 867 873","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203336.12114.09"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Luma H N Tchaleu B C Doualla M S Temfack E Sopouassi V N Mapoure Y N Djientcheu V D HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in HIV-1 infected patients at the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2012 9 1 10 1186 10.1186\/1742-6405-9-35 23181417","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-9-35"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Cettomai D Kwasa J K Birbeck G L Price R W Cohen C R Bukusi E A Kendi C Meyer A C Screening for HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy in resource-limited settings. Muscle Nerve 2013 Oct;48(4): 516-24. doi: 10.1002\/mus.23795. Epub 27 24037693 4019398 10.1002\/mus.23795 24037693","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23795"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2291\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2291\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:45:39Z","timestamp":1784803539000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/hiv-associated-peripheral-neuropathy-and-antiretroviral-therapy-a-prospective-study-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-south-india-2291"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-25-5515","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T09:20:50Z","timestamp":1783156850400,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-26-6137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T09:03:26Z","timestamp":1783155806000},"page":"22-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Syndemic Inter-relationships between Substance Use, Violence and HIV Risk Among Persons Seeking Emergency Care in Nairobi, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Austin Lee","family":"J.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"* Corresponding Author"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Timmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baird","family":"Janette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngila","family":"Beatrice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Washington Global Program-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugut","family":"Janet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Accident and Emergency Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinuthia","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Department of Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waweru","family":"Harriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of HIV Prevention and VCT, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Ojuka","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Mello","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"8 Rhode Island Hospital Injury Prevention Center, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Aluisio","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. Singer M A dose of drugs, a touch of violence, a case of AIDS, Part 2: Further conceptualizing the Sava Syndemic. Free Inq Creat Sociol 2006 34 39 54"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Gilbert L Raj A Hien D Stockman J Terlikbayeva A Wyatt G Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls: A Global Review of Epidemiology and Integrated Interventions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999 69 2","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000626"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Kalichman S C Simbayi L C Vermaak R Jooste S Cain D HIV\/AIDS risks among men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establishments (Shebeens) in Cape Town, South Africa. Prev Sci Off J Soc Prev Res 2008 9 55 62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-008-0085-x"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. TGM Sandfort Knox J R Alcala C El-Bassel N Kuo I Smith L R Substance Use and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Africa: A Systematic Review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999 76 34","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001462"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kagee A Substance use and HIV: some considerations in a global context. AIDS Care 2023 35 261 4","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2022.2076802"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Jewkes R Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Lancet Lond Engl 2002 359 1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08357-5"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Klostermann K C Fals-Stewart W Intimate partner violence and alcohol use: Exploring the role of drinking in partner violence and its implications for intervention. Aggress Violent Behav 2006 11 587 97 Elsevier Science; Netherlands:","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.08.008"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Artz L Klazinga L M\u00fcller A Sexual and gender-based violence and HIV in South Africa: An HIV facility-based study. South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd 2020 110 377","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.13942"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Annor F B Chiang L F Oluoch P R Mang\u2019oli V Mogaka M Mwangi M Changes in prevalence of violence and risk factors for violence and HIV among children and young people in Kenya: a comparison of the 2010 and 2019 Kenya Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys. Lancet Glob Health 2022 10 124","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00457-5"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Bazzi A R Yotebieng K Otticha S Rota G Agot K Ohaga S PrEP and the syndemic of substance use, violence, and HIV among female and male sex workers: a qualitative study in Kisumu 2019 Kenya. J Int AIDS Soc 22 25266","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25266"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. SWKH Aung Kingston H Mbogo L W Sambai B Monroe-Wise A Ludwig-Barron N T Prevalence and correlates of violence among sexual and injecting partners of people who inject drugs living with HIV in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct 2023 20 164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00895-7"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Illangasekare S Burke J Chander G Gielen A The syndemic effects of intimate partner violence, HIV\/AIDS, and substance abuse on depression among low-income urban women 2013 J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med 90 934 47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-013-9797-8"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Illangasekare S L Burke J G Chander G Gielen A C Depression and social support among women living with the substance abuse, violence, and HIV\/AIDS syndemic: a qualitative exploration. Womens Health Issues Off Publ Jacobs Inst Womens Health 2014 24 551 7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2014.05.004"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Meyer J P Springer S A Altice F L Substance abuse, violence, and HIV in women: a literature review of the syndemic 2002 J Womens Health 20 991 1006","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2328"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Jones A A Gerke T Striley C W Osborne V Whitehead N Cottler L B A Longitudinal Analysis of the Substance Abuse, Violence, and HIV\/AIDS (SAVA) Syndemic among Women in the Criminal Justice System. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019 51 58 67","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2018.1562132"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Simon L Livingston A Tiamiyu K Beals D Muehlenhaupt A Deerr R 2024 Finding the Invisible Patient to Address Substance Use, Violence, and Depression in Women Living with HIV. J CME 13 2396256 10","DOI":"10.1080\/28338073.2024.2396256"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Mendenhall E Singer M What constitutes a syndemic? Methods, contexts, and framing from 2019. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020 15 213 7","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000628"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Caiola C McCoy T P Kneipp S M Modeling upstream socioeconomic inequities and syndemic conditions among mothers over time. Public Health Nurs 2021 38 186 96 Boston Mass","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12831"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Tsuyuki K Pitpitan E V Levi-Minzi M A Urada L A Kurtz S P Stockman J K Substance Use Disorders, Violence, Mental Health, and HIV: Differentiating a Syndemic Factor by Gender and Sexuality.AIDS Behav 2017 21 2270 82","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1841-3"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Vavala G Wang Q Jimenez S Ramos W E Ocasio M A Romero-Espinoza A Substance Use, Violence, and Sexual Risk Among Young Cis-Gender Women Placed at High-Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. AIDS Behav 2022 26 3008 15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03631-7"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Bulled N A new approach to measuring the synergy in a syndemic: Revisiting the SAVA syndemic among urban MSM in the United States. Glob Public Health 2022 17 2070 80","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2021.1974513"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Gonz\u00e1lez-Guarda R M Florom-Smith A L Thomas T A syndemic model of substance abuse, intimate partner violence, HIV infection, and mental health among Hispanics. Public Health Nurs 2011 28 366 Boston Mass","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.2010.00928.x"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Jiwatram-Negr\u00f3n T Michalopoulos L M El-Bassel N The syndemic effect of injection drug use, intimate partner violence, and HIV on mental health among drug-involved women in Kazakhstan. Glob Soc Welf Res Policy Pract 2018 5 71 81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-018-0112-1"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Logie C H Okumu M Malama K Mwima S Hakiza R Kiera U M Examining the substance use, violence, and HIV and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional survey findings. BMJ Glob Health 2022 7 006583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006583"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Swahn M H Culbreth R Masyn K E Salazar L F Wagman J Kasirye R The Intersection of Alcohol Use 2021 Gender Based Violence and HIV: Empirical Findings among Disadvantaged Service-Seeking Youth in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Behav 25 3106 14","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03301-0"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Sileo K M Sparks C S Luttinen R Spatial Analysis of the Alcohol, Intimate Partner Violence 2023 and HIV Syndemic Among Women in South Africa. AIDS Behav 27 1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03870-8"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Russell B S Eaton L A Petersen-Williams P Intersecting epidemics among pregnant women: alcohol use, interpersonal violence, and HIV infection in South Africa. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep 2013 10 103 10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0145-5"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Hatcher A M Gibbs A McBride R-S Rebombo D Khumalo M Christofides N J Gendered syndemic of intimate partner violence, alcohol misuse, and HIV risk among peri-urban,heterosexual men in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 1982 295 112637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112637"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Tegang S P Abdallah S Emukule G Luchters S Kingola N Baras M Concurrent sexual and substance-use risk behaviours among female sex workers in Kenya\u2019s Coast Province: findings from a behavioural monitoring survey SAHARA J J Soc Asp HIVAIDS Res Alliance 2010 10 6","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2010.9724972"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Wilson K S Deya R Masese L Simoni J M Stoep A V Shafi J Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence in HIV-positive women engaged in transactional sex in Int J STD AIDS 2016 1194 203 Mombasa, Kenya","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415611514"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Roberts S T Flaherty B P Deya R Masese L Ngina J McClelland R S 2018 Patterns of Gender-Based Violence and Associations with Mental Health and HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya: A Latent Class Analysis. AIDS Behav 22 3273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2107-4"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Poxon A Leis M McDermott M Kariri A Kaul R Kimani J Emergency departments as under-utilized venues to provide HIV prevention services to female sex workers in Nairobi Kenya. Int J Emerg Med 2023 10 1186","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2274148\/v1"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Muturi N Gender and HIV infection in the context of alcoholism in Kenya 2015 Afr J AIDS Res AJAR 14 57 65","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2015.1016986"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Kunzweiler C P Bailey R C Okall D O Graham S M Mehta S D Otieno F O Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol and Drug Use, and Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kisumu, Kenya: The Anza Mapema Study. AIDS Behav 2018 22 1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1941-0"},{"key":"ref035","unstructured":"35. McDonald A Duncan N D Mitchell D I Alcohol, cannabis and cocaine usage in patients with trauma injuries 1999 West Indian Med J 48"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Nilsen P Baird J Mello M J Nirenberg T Woolard R Bendtsen P A systematic review of emergency care brief alcohol interventions for injury patients. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008 35 184 201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.09.008"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Dwommoh R Sorsdahl K Myers B Asante K P Naledi T Stein D J Brief interventions to address substance use among patients presenting to emergency departments in resource poor settings: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc CE 2018 16 24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962-018-0109-8"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Forson P K Oduro G Bonney J Cobbold S Sarfo-Frimpong J Boyd C Emergency department admissions Kumasi, Ghana: Prevalence of alcohol and substance use, and associated trauma. J Addict Dis 2020 38 520 8","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2020.1791378"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Bernstein E Edwards E Dorfman D Heeren T Bliss C Bernstein J Screening and brief intervention to reduce marijuana use among youth and young adults in a pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med 2009 16 1174 85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00490.x"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Longo M C Hunter C E Lokan R J White J M White M A The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability: part ii: the relationship between drug prevalence and drug concentration, and driver culpability. Accid Anal Prev 2000 32 623 32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00110-4"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Botchey I M Hung Y W Bachani A M Paruk F Mehmood A Saidi H Epidemiology and outcomes of injuries in Kenya: A multisite surveillance study. Surgery 2017 162 45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.01.030"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Hansoti B Stead D Parrish A Reynolds S J Redd A D Whalen M M HIV testing in a South African Emergency Department: A missed opportunity 2018 PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science; 13 0193858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193858"},{"key":"ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Chen Y Li A-D Yang Y Lu J Xu Y Ji X regional and national burden of HIV\/AIDS among individuals aged 15-79 from 1990 22 51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-025-00745-5"},{"key":"ref044","unstructured":"44. Igbokwe K Onobun D E Ononye R Orji C Ojo E O Comparative Assessment of the Burden of Injury in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of Estimates From Global Burden of Disease 2021 16 73838"},{"key":"ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Bajunirwe F Maling S Adami H-O Ajayi I O Volmink J Adebamowo C Burden of depressive symptoms and non-alcohol substance abuse; and their association with alcohol use and partner violence: a cross-sectional study in four sub-Saharan Africa countries. Glob Ment Health Camb Engl 2018 5 31","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2018.22"},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Mental Health Group. Burden and risk factors of mental and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults in Kenya: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 67 102328 Kenya Adolescent","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102328"},{"key":"ref047","unstructured":"47. MercyJ AHillisS DButchartABellisM AWardC LFangXInterpersonal Violence: Global Impact and Paths to Prevention. In:2025Inj Prev Environ Health [Internet]. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development \/ Mock CN, Nugent R, Kobusingye O, Smith KR, editors The World Bank;"},{"key":"ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Aluisio A R Smith-Sreen J Offorjebe A Maina W Pirirei S Kinuthia J Assessment of the HIV Enhanced Access Testing in the Emergency Department (HEATED) program in Nairobi, Kenya: a quasi-experimental prospective study. HIV Res Clin Pract 2024 25 2403958 10","DOI":"10.1080\/25787489.2024.2403958"},{"key":"ref049","unstructured":"49. Lee J A Momanyi N Offorjebe O A Ngila B Maina W Pirirei S Characteristics of Interpersonal Violence and Intimate Partner Violence Among Injured Adults Seeking Emergency Care in Nairobi 2013 Kenya. R I Med J 2024 39 45"},{"key":"ref050","unstructured":"50. Aluisio A Sugut J Kinuthia J Farquhar C Mello M Assessment of HIV testing services for patients presenting for emergency injury care in Nairobi, Kenya demonstrates beneficial potential for enhanced HIV care engagement. HIV Med 2021 22 246"},{"key":"ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Lee J A Ochola E O Sugut J Ngila B Ojuka D K Mello M J Assessment of substance use among injured persons seeking emergency care in Nairobi, Kenya. Afr J Emerg Med 2022 12 321 6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.06.011"},{"key":"ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Harris P A Taylor R Thielke R Payne J Gonzalez N Conde J G Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 2009 42 377 81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Harris P A Taylor R Minor B L Elliott V Fernandez M O\u2019Neal L The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners 2019 J Biomed Inform 95 103208 10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Chavez J V Wang P Larson M E Vazquez V M De La Rosa Behar-Zusman V Methodologies used in studies examining substance abuse, violence and HIV\/AIDS (SAVA) constructs using a syndemic framework: a scoping review. AIDS Care 2023 35 1708 15","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2023.2176426"},{"key":"ref055","unstructured":"55. 2022 National AIDS & STI Control Program (NASCOP), Ministry of Health, Kenya. Kenya HIV Prevention and Treatment Guidelines"},{"key":"ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Vitesnikova J Dinh M Leonard E Boufous S Conigrave K Use of AUDIT-C as a tool to identify hazardous alcohol consumption in admitted trauma patients. Injury 2014 45 1440 4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.01.004"},{"key":"ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. Frank D DeBenedetti A F Volk R J Williams E C Kivlahan D R Bradley K A Effectiveness of the AUDIT-C as a Screening Test for Alcohol Misuse in Three Race\/Ethnic Groups 2008 J Gen Intern Med 23 781 7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0594-0"},{"key":"ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. Rodr\u00edguez-Martos A Santamari\u00f1a E Does the short form of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) work at a trauma emergency department? Subst Use Misuse 2007 42 923 32","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080701351507"},{"key":"ref059","unstructured":"59. report on violence and health. Gen\u00e8ve: World Health Organization 2002"},{"key":"ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Tarka P An overview of structural equation modeling: its beginnings, historical development, usefulness and controversies in the social sciences. Qual Quant 2018 52 313 54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0469-8"},{"key":"ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Ullman J B Structural equation modeling: reviewing the basics and moving forward. J Pers Assess 2006 87 35 50","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8701_03"},{"key":"ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62. Yang Y Using a Syndemic Framework and Structural Equation Modeling to Assess the Co-occurrence and Mutual Impact of Violence Experiences and Substance Use Behaviors Among Adolescents. J Interpers Violence 2023 38 11595 616","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605231186122"},{"key":"ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Willie T C Kershaw T S Blackstock O Galvao R W Safon C B Tekeste M Racial and ethnic differences in women\u2019s HIV risk and attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the context of the substance use, violence, and depression syndemic. AIDS Care 2021 33 219 28","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1762067"},{"key":"ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Orindi B O Ziraba A Bruyneel L Floyd S Lesaffre E Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling. PloS One 2021 16 0258651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258651"},{"key":"ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65. Luseno W K Field S H Iritani B J Odongo F S Kwaro D Amek N O Pathways to Depression and Poor Quality of Life Among Adolescents 2021 in Western Kenya: Role of Anticipated HIV Stigma, HIV Risk Perception, and Sexual Behaviors. AIDS Behav 25 1423 37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02980-5"},{"key":"ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66. MacKinnon D P Fairchild A J Fritz M S Mediation analysis 2007 Annu Rev Psychol 58 593 614","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542"},{"key":"ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67. Baral S Logie C H Grosso A Wirtz A L Beyrer C Modified social ecological model: a tool to guide the assessment of the risks and risk contexts of HIV epidemics. BMC Public Health 2013 13 482","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-482"},{"key":"ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68. Obermeyer Z Abujaber S Makar M Stoll S Kayden S R Wallis L A Emergency care in 59 low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2015 93 577 586","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.148338"},{"key":"ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Smith-Sreen J Bosire R Farquhar C Katz D A Kimani J Masyuko S Leveraging emergency care to reach key populations for \u201cthe last mile\u201d in HIV programming: a waiting opportunity. AIDS Lond Engl 2023 37 2421 4","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003709"},{"key":"ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70. Waxman M J Kimaiyo S Ongaro N Wools-Kaloustian K K Flanigan T P Carter E J Initial outcomes of an emergency department rapid HIV testing program in western Kenya. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2007 21 981 6","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0075"},{"key":"ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71. Westhuizen C van der Malan M Naledi T Roelofse M Myers B Stein D J Patient outcomes and experience of a task-shared screening and brief intervention service for problem substance use in South African emergency centres: a mixed methods study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021 16 10 1186","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00239-5"},{"key":"ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72. Aluisio A R Bergam S J Kinuthia J Maina J W Pirirei S Bukusi D HIV testing services and HIV self-testing programming within emergency care in Kenya: a qualitative study of healthcare personnel to inform enhanced service delivery approaches. AIDS Care 2025 37 112 23","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2024.2414087"},{"key":"ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73. Fawole O I Balogun B O Adejimi A A Akinsola O J Van Wyk JM Training medical students: victim\u2019s perceptions of selectively screening women for intimate partner violence in health care settings. BMC Med Educ 2019 19 196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1627-6"},{"key":"ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74. O\u2019Doherty L Hegarty K Ramsay J Davidson L L Feder G Taft A Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 2015 007007","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007007.pub3"},{"key":"ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75. Jewkes R K Dunkle K Nduna M Shai N Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. Lancet Lond Engl 2010 376 41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60548-X"},{"key":"ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"76. Geibel S Tun W Tapsoba P Kellerman S HIV vulnerability of men who have sex with men in developing countries: Horizons studies, 2001-2008. Public Health Rep Wash DC 1974 125 316","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500222"},{"key":"ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77. Okal J Luchters S Geibel S Chersich M F Lango D Temmerman M Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Cult Health Sex 2009 11 811 26","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050902906488"},{"key":"ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"78. Dunkle K L Jewkes R K Brown H C Gray G E McIntryre J A Harlow S D Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet Lond Engl 2004 363 1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16098-4"},{"key":"ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"79. Iheanacho T Maciejewski K R Ogudebe F Chumo F Slade T Leff R Prevalence and correlates of depression and substance use disorders in emergency department populations: A cross-sectional study at East Africa\u2019s largest public hospital. Afr J Emerg Med Rev Afr Med Urgence 2022 12 307 14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.06.008"},{"key":"ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"80. Batchelder A W Foley J D Wirtz M R Mayer K O\u2019Cleirigh C Substance Use Stigma, Avoidance Coping, and Missed HIV Appointments Among MSM Who Use Substances. AIDS Behav 2021 25 1454 63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02982-3"},{"key":"ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"81. Bain L E Nkoke C JJN Noubiap UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets to end the AIDS epidemic by 2020 are not realistic: comment on \u201cCan the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target be achieved? A systematic analysis of national HIV treatment cascades.\u201d BMJ Glob Health 2017 2 000227","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000227"},{"key":"ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"82. Augustine A K Maganga L Francis J M Epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among female sex workers in Mbeya City, Tanzania. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024 4 0002794","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002794"},{"key":"ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"83. Simon C B McCabe C J Matson T E Oliver M Bradley K A Hallgren K A High test-retest reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2024 48 302 8","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15245"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2363\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2363\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T09:05:14Z","timestamp":1783155914000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/assessment-of-syndemic-inter-relationships-between-substance-use-violence-and-hiv-risk-among-persons-seeking-emergency-care-in-nairobi-kenya-2363"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-26-6137","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:42:08Z","timestamp":1768916528126,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1444050312000},"page":"35-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Construct Validity Of The CES-D Among HIV-infected Perinatal Thai Women: Explanatory And Confirmatory Factor Analysis"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ratchneewan","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Warner Stidham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pimpanitta","family":"Saenyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Kleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T08:43:30Z","timestamp":1490949810000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/103"}},"editor":[{"given":"Adamu","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-158","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T00:09:08Z","timestamp":1705190948301},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339","type":"journal","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T09:45:38Z","timestamp":1705139138000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"prefix":"10.14302","member":"5410","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijn","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T09:45:38Z","timestamp":1705139138000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/journal\/jcrhap"}},"short-title":["JCRHAP"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:05:30Z","timestamp":1784804730721,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-25-5559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:46:57Z","timestamp":1784803617000},"page":"10-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Influencing HIV Status Disclosure Among People Living with HIV\/AIDS in Mukono District, Uganda: Beyond Health System Support"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Gamba","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Master of Public Health. Mbarara University of Science and Technology."},{"name":"* Corresponding Author"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. 2025Global HIV & AIDS statistics \u2014 Fact sheet | UNAIDS Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"2. pdfjar-2022-2023-annual-report2025 Available from: https:\/\/uac.go.ug\/images\/2024\/jar-2024\/jar-2022-2023-annual-report.pdf"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. KumakechEAcenJMusinguziMEbongDOkelloJFemale-controlled dual protection methods: Prevalence, predictors, experiences and perceptions among young women living with HIV in northern Uganda\u2013A mixed-method study protocol. Plos One (Internet)2023 Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0290338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290338"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. SsaliS NAtuyambeLTumwineCSegujjaENekesaNNannungiA2010Reasons for Disclosure of HIV Status by People Living with HIV\/AIDS and in HIV Care in Uganda: An Exploratory Study. AIDS Patient Care STDs (Internet)241067581 Available from: http:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/apc.2010.0062","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2010.0062"},{"key":"ref005","unstructured":"5. RosenstockI MHistorical Origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Monogr (Internet)19742432835 Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109019817400200403"},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"6. AjzenIThe theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process (Internet)1991502179211 Available from: https:\/\/repository.tcu.edu\/bitstreams\/702462ab-1ebb-4c54-85df-d45d31e23b1d\/download"},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"7. OmarzuJA Disclosure Decision Model: Determining How and When Individuals Will Self-Disclose. Personal Soc Psychol Rev (Internet)20004217485 Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0402_05"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"8. McLeroyK RBibeauDStecklerAGlanzKAn Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs. Health Educ Q (Internet)198815435177 Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"9. EvangeliMGnanGMusiimeVFidlerSSeeleyJFrizeGThe HIV Empowering Adults\u2019 Decisions to Share: UK\/Uganda (HEADS-UP) Study\u2014A Randomised Feasibility Trial of an HIV Disclosure Intervention for Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV. AIDS Behav (Internet)2024286194764 Available from:"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Deribe K Woldemichael K Wondafrash M Haile A Amberbir A Disclosure experience and associated factors among HIV positive men and women clinical service users in southwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health (Internet) 2008 10 1186","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-81"},{"key":"ref011","unstructured":"11. SerovichJ MA Test Of Two HIV Disclosure Theories. AIDS Educ Prev (Internet)200113435564 Available from: http:\/\/guilfordjournals.com\/doi\/10.1521\/aeap.13.4.355.21424"},{"key":"ref012","unstructured":"12. KingRKatuntuDLifshayJPackelLBatamwitaRNakayiwaS2008Processes and Outcomes of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners among People Living with HIV in Uganda. AIDS Behav (Internet)12223243 Available from:"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. HaysR BMcKusickLPollackLHilliardRHoffCCoatesT JDisclosing HIV seropositivity to significant others. Aids (Internet)19937342532 Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/aidsonline\/abstract\/1993\/03000\/Disclosing_HIV_seropositivity_to_significant.19.aspx"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. SimbayiL CKalichmanS CStrebelACloeteAHendaNMqeketoADisclosure of HIV status to sex partners and sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men and women, Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect (Internet)200783129 Available from: http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/83\/1\/29.abstract","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.019893"},{"key":"ref015","unstructured":"15. MedleyAGarcia-MorenoCMcGillSMamanS Ratesbarriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes. Bull World Health Organ (Internet)200424299307 Available from: https:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/pdf\/bwho\/2004.v82n4\/299-307\/en"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. WaktoleZ DSexual behaviors and associated factors among youths in Nekemte town2019East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia: Available from https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0220235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220235"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. H Mugerwa MS Nabimanya Kigozi G Makerere University. (cited 2025 in an urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Res Ther 22 2 28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-025-00727-7"},{"key":"ref018","unstructured":"18. OrganizationW HGender dimensions of HIV status disclosure to sexual partners rates, barriers and outcomes (Internet). World Health Organization;2004 Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/42717"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2260\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/2260\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:46:59Z","timestamp":1784803619000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/factors-influencing-hiv-status-disclosure-among-people-living-with-hiv-aids-in-mukono-district-uganda-beyond-health-system-support-2260"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-25-5559","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:15:27Z","timestamp":1760746527047,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-edt.1.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1444025119000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phytochemicals May Arrest HIV-1 Progression"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Sharma","family":"B.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,"},{"name":"* corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. Sharma B Phytochemicals as antiHIV-1 tools 2013 Proceedings of international conference and exhibition on biochemical and molecular engineering. Omics Group. October 7-9, 2013 Hilton San Antonio Air Port, USA"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Frank N George M Ralf W Concerted inhibitory activities of Phyllanthus amarus on HIV-1 replication in vitro and exvivo 2004 Antiviral Research 64 2 93 102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(04)00129-9"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Yoshiki K Akihiro A Yasumasa I Yuh-Pan C Hiroshi F Masataka I Toshihiro F Kunihide M C I Mark M N Susan Kuo-Hsiung L AntiHIV benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera and structure-activity correlations with related alkaloids 2005 Bioorganic Medical Chemistry 13 2 443 8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.10.020"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. F M Uckun L M Chelstrom Tuel-Ahlgren L Dibirdik I J D Irvin M C Langlie D E Myers TXU (Anti-CD7)-Pokeweed Antiviral Protein as a Potent Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998 42 383 8","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.383"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Seal A Aykkal R Babu R O & Ghosh M Docking study of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with phytochemicals 2011 Bioinformation 5 10 430 39","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630005430"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Douek D C Roederer M Koup R A Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS 2009 Annual Reviews in Medicine 60 471 8","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.041807.123549"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Weiss R A How does HIV cause AIDS 1993 Science 260 1273 9","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493571"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"8. Sanjay K Gene (HIV-1 protease) based drug (inhibitor) Discovery 2010 Journal of Advanced Bioinformatics Applications and Research 1 17 26"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Ramalingam M Karthikeyan S Kumar D 2012 International Journal of Computer Applications Docking Studies of HIV-1 Protease with Phytochemicals from Mappia Foetida 43 4 16 22","DOI":"10.5120\/6091-8272"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Sharma B The antiHIV-1 drugs toxicity and management strategies 2011 Neurobehavioural HIV Medicine 3 1 14","DOI":"10.2147\/NBHIV.S11748"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Sharma B Attributes of Host\u2019s Genetic Factors in HIV-1 Pathogenesis 2012 Biochemical and Analytical Biochemistry 1 4 7","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1009.1000e109"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Asres K Seyoum A Veeresham C Bucar F Gibbons S 2005 Phytotherapy Research 19 7 557 581","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1629"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. Iwu M M Duncan A R Okunji C O New Antimicrobials of Plant Origin. In Perspectives on newcrops and new uses. Edited by Janick J 1999 Alexandria, VA:ASHS,Press;1999"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. J N Eloff Katerere D R & McGaw J L The biological activity and chemistry of the southern African Combretaceae 2008 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119 686 99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.051"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Koudou J Roblot G Wylde R Tannin Constituents of Terminalia glaucescens. Planta Med 1995 61 490 491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-958153"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. L J McGaw Rabe T S G A K Jager J N Eloff J Van Staden An investigation on the biological activity of Combretum species 2001 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75 1 45 50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00405-0"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Masoko P Picard J Eloff Antifungal activities of six South African Terminalia species (Combretaceae) 2005 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99 301 8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.061"},{"key":"ref018","unstructured":"18. G E Wickens Combretaceae. In Flora of Tropical East Africa. Edited by Polhill RM. London: Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations;1973 1973"},{"key":"ref019","unstructured":"19. Steud Ex A Rich (Combretaceae) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 12 163 10.1186\/1472-6882-12-163"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Fyhrquist P Mwasumbi L H\u00e6ggstr\u00f6m C-A Vuorela H Hiltunen R Vuorela P Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial investigation of some species of Terminalia and Combretum (Combretaceae) growing in Tanzania 2006 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 169 77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00375-0"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. S M Maregesi O D Ngassapa Pieters L A J Vlientinck Ethnopharmacological survey of the Bunda district, Tanzania: Plant used to treat infectious diseases 2007 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 457 70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.07.006"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Batawila K Kokou K Koumaglo K Gbe'assor M Foucault D Bouchet P & Akpagana K Antifungal activities of five Combretaceae used in Togolese traditional medicine 2005 Fitoterapia 76 264 8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2004.12.007"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Fyhrquist P Mwasumbi L H\u00e6ggstr\u00f6m C-A Vuorela H Hiltunen R Vuorela P 2004 Antifungal Activity of Selected Species of Terminalia, Pteleopsis and Combretum(Combretaceae) Collected in Tanzania. Pharm Biol,42(4\u20135) 308 17","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200490511891"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Maregesi S S Van Miert Pannecouque C Feiz Haddad MH Hermans N C W Wright A J Vlietinck Apers S Pieters L Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants against Plasmodium Faliciparum and Human immunodeficiency virus 2009 Planta Med 75 1 7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1186024"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. S M Maregesi Pieters L O D Ngassapa Apers S Vingerhoets R Cos P Berghe Vanden D A Vlietinck J A Screening of some Tanzanian medicinal plants from Bunda district for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities 2008 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119 58 66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.05.033"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. N M Useh A J Nok S F Ambali Esievo K A N The Inhibition of Clostridium chauvoei (Jakari strain) Neurarninidase Activity by Methanolic Extracts of the Stem Barks of Tamarindus indicus and Combretum fragrans 2004 Journa1 of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 19 4 339 42","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360409162447"},{"key":"ref027","unstructured":"27. S C Chhabra F C Uiso A survey of the medicinal plants of Eastern Tanzania for Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins 1990 Fitoterapia 61 4"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. A O Maima G N Thoithi S N Ndwigah F N Kamau I O Kibwage Phytosterols from the stem bark of 2008 Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm. East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 52 5","DOI":"10.4314\/ecajps.v11i2.44769"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Tewtrakul S Miyashiro H Nakamura N Hattori M Kawahata T Otake T Yoshinaga T Fujiwara T Supavita T Yuenyongsawad S Rattanasuwon P Dej-Adisai S HIV-1 intergrase inhibitory substances from Coleus parvifolius 2003 Phytother Res 17 232 9","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1111"},{"key":"ref030","unstructured":"30. Tewtrakul S Subhadhirasakul S Kummee S HIV-1 protease inhibitory effects of medicinal plants used as self medication by AIDS patients 2003 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 25 239 43"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Kisangau D P HVM Lyaruu Hosea K M Joseph C C Use of traditional medicines in the management of HIV\/AIDS opportunistic infections in Tanzania: a case in the Bukoba rural district 2007 Journal of Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 3 29","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-3-29"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Kitamura T Sekimata M Kikuchi S Homma Y Involvement of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in ERBB2 expression in rheumatoid synovial cells 2005 American Journal of Physiology and Cell Physiology 89 1 82 8","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00486.2004"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. R H Cichewicz S A Kouzi R H Cichewicz S A Kouzi Chemistry, biological activity, and chemotherapeutic potential of betulinic acid for the prevention and treatment of cancer and HIV infection 2004 Medical Research Review 24 94","DOI":"10.1002\/med.10053"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Zhou P Takaishi Y Duan H Chen B Honda G Itoh M Takeda Y O K Kodzhimatov K H Lee Anti-HIV potential of medicinally important plants 2000 Phytochemistry 53 689 97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00554-3"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. S L Holz- I C Sun Jin L T J Matthews K H Lee C H Role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope in the anti-HIV activity of the betulinic acid derivative IC9564 2001 Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy 45 60 6","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.60-66.2001"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Loya S Rudi A Y A Kashman Polycitone A, a novel and potent general inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptases and cellular DNA polymerases 1999 Biochem J 344 85","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3440085"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Dey B D L Lerner Lusso P M R Boyd J H Elder E A Berger Multiple antiviral activities of cyanovirin-N: blocking of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 interaction with CD4 and coreceptor and inhibition of diverse enveloped viruses 2000 Journal of Virology 74 4562 9","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.10.4562-4569.2000"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Mushi N Z H Mbwambo Innocent E Teutrakul S Antibacterial, anti-HIV-1 protease and cytotoxic activities of aqueous ethanolic extracts from Combretum adenogonium Steud. Ex A. Rich (Combretaceae) 2012 BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12 163 9","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-163"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. A R Neurath Strick N Li Y Y Debnath A K Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice provides an HIV-1 entry inhibitor and candidate topical microbicide. Annals of New York Academy of 2005 Sciences,1056 311 27","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1352.015"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Zhang H S Wu T C Sang W W Ruan Z 2012 EGCG inhibits Tat-induced LTR transactivation: role of Nrf2, AKT, AMPK signaling pathway. Life Sciences 90 747 54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.03.013"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Zhang X Yang L-M Liu G-M Liu Y-J Zheng C B Lv Y-J Li H-Z Zheng Y-T Potent Anti-HIV Activities and Mechanisms of Action of a Pine Cone Extract from Pinus yunnanensis 2012 Molecules 17 6 6916 29","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17066916"},{"key":"ref042","unstructured":"42. Sakagami H Kawano M Thet M M Hashimoto K Satoh K Kanamoto T Terakubo S Nakashima H Haishima Y Maeda Y Sakurai K Anti-HIV and immunomodulation activities of cacao mass lignin-carbohydrate complex 2011 In Vivo 25 2 229 236"},{"key":"ref043","unstructured":"43. R Y Gao Mukhopadhyay P Mohanraj R Wang H Horv\u00e1th B Yin S Pacher P Resveratrol attenuates azidothymidine-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in human cardiomyocytes 2011 Molecular Medicine Report 4 1 151 5"},{"key":"ref044","unstructured":"44. S K Prakash Status of hiv-1 proviral dna with the treatment of poly phytochemical molecules 2010 International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 1 2 2010"},{"key":"ref045","unstructured":"45. S K Prakash Eradication of HIV in association with treatment of phyto-Antiviral regimen 2011 International Journal of Pharma World Research 1 2 1 15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/69\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/69\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/69","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T08:51:27Z","timestamp":1760691087000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/69"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-edt.1.3","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:10:45Z","timestamp":1760695845067,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T03:45:09Z","timestamp":1443757509000},"page":"19-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Update and Expansion of the HIV\/AIDS Prevention Program Archive (HAPPA)"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"J. Card","family":"Josefina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Sociometrics Corporation, Los Altos, CA"},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Cunningham","family":"Shayna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Sociometrics Corporation, Los Altos, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. Newman","family":"Emily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Sociometrics Corporation, Los Altos, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Golden","family":"Rachel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Sociometrics Corporation, Los Altos, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"1. of Health (NIH,2008).Dissemination, implementation, and operational research for HIV prevention interventions (RO1)National Institutes Retrieved from http:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/pa-files\/PA-08-166.html"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. W E Norton K R Amico D H Cornman W A Fisher J D Fisher An agenda for advancing the science of implementation of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions 2009 AIDS and Behavior 13 3 424 9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9556-8"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. M J Rotheram-Borus Swendeman D Flannery D Rice E D M Adamson Ingram B Common factors in effective HIV prevention programs 2009 AIDS and Behavior 13 3 399 408","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9464-3"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Card J J Benner T Shields J P Feinstein N The HIV\/AIDS Prevention Program Archive (HAPPA): A collection of promising prevention programs in a box 2001 AIDS Education and Prevention 13 1 1 28","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.13.1.1.18926"},{"key":"ref005","unstructured":"5. M S Neumann E D Sogolow Replicating effective programs: HIV\/AIDS prevention technology transfer 2000 AIDS Education and Prevention, 12(Suppl A) 35 48"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Collins C Harshbarger C Sawyer S Hamdallah M 2006 The Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions project: Development, implementation, and lessons learned. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(Suppl A) 5 20","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.supp.5"},{"key":"ref007","unstructured":"7. Cunningham S D Card J J (in preparation). Realities of replication: Implementation of evidence-based interventions for HIV prevention in real-world settings"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"8. Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,2003). Advancing HIV prevention: New strategies for a changing epidemic\u2014United States,2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 52 15 329 332 Centers for"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. K A Maiorana A Vernon K Myers J C D Rose Morin S Implementation of HIV prevention interventions with people living with HIV\/AIDS in clinical settings: Challenges and lessons learned 2007 AIDS and Behavior 11 17 29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9233-8"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"10. Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,2007). HIV prevention strategic plan: Extended through 2010. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/resources\/reports\/psp\/pdf\/psp.pdf Centers for"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Noar S H G Black L B Pierce Efficacy of computer technology-based HIV prevention interventions: A meta-analysis 2009 AIDS 23 107 115","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831c5500"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. D B Portnoy Scott-Sheldon L A J B T Johnson M P Carey Computer-delivered interventions for health promotion and behavioral risk reduction: A meta-analysis of 75 randomized controlled trials,1988\u20132007 2008 Preventive Medicine 47 3 16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.02.014"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. C H Klein Card J J Preliminary efficacy of a computer-delivered HIV prevention intervention for African American teenage females 2011 AIDS Education and Prevention 23 6 564 576","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2011.23.6.564"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. G M Wingood J Er D Solomon J Braxton N Lang D Seth P Cartreine J R J DiClemente Preliminary efficacy of a computer-based HIV intervention for African-American women 2011 Psychology & Health 26 2 223 234","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.531576"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Card J J Kuhn T Solomon J Benner T A Wingood G DiClemente R Translating an effective group-based HIV prevention program to a program delivered primarily by a computer: Methods and outcomes 2011 AIDS Education and Prevention 23 2 159 174","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2011.23.2.159"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Card J J The Sociometrics program archives: Promoting the dissemination of evidence-based practices through replication kits 2001 Research on Social Work Practice 11 4 521 526","DOI":"10.1177\/104973150101100407"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Card J J Lessard L Benner T PASHA: Facilitating the replication and use of effective adolescent pregnancy and STI\/HIV prevention programs.40,275.e1-275.e14.Journal of Adolescent Health 2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.10.004"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. C H Klein Lomonaco C Pavelsak R Card J J WILLOW: Reaching HIV-positive African-American women through a computer-delivered intervention. doi: 10.1007\/s10461-013-0479-z AIDS and Behavior 2013 10.1007\/s10461-013-0479-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0479-z"},{"key":"ref019","unstructured":"19. Golden R E Collins C B Cunningham S D Newman E N Card JJ.(forthcoming)Best Evidence Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention,Springer Science +Business Media, NY"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Abdul-Quader A S Collins C Identification of structural interventions for HIV\/AIDS prevention: The concept mapping exercise. Public Health Reports 2011 126 777 788","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600603"},{"key":"ref021","unstructured":"21. Solomon J Card J J Making the List: Understanding, Selecting, and Replicating Effective Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy 2004 Washington DC"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/53\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/53\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/53","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:35:21Z","timestamp":1760693721000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/53"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-268","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T03:55:50Z","timestamp":1771905350462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1838"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an element of biomedical interventions of HIV prevention. The level of protection is strongly correlated to PrEP drug adherence. In Nigeria, the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) is 15.5%. The 2020 integrated biological and behavioral surveillance survey did not report on PrEP adherence among FSW. This study therefore assessed the level of adherence to PrEP and its predictors among FSW in South-Western Nigeria.\t\nMethodology: The study was cross sectional analytical in design and was conducted in 2021. Study population were brothel-based FSW at Gambari Ogbomoso and Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 156 FSW participated in the study. Data was collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.\nResults: One hundred and forty-nine properly completed questionnaires were analyzed. Ninety-nine respondents (66.4%) have been working for more than 5years as a FSW and 65(43.6%) had initiation of sex work before 18 years of age. Respondents\u2019 sexual behavior showed that 55 (36.9%) of total respondents had consistent use of condom. One hundred and thirty-four respondents (89.9%) had good knowledge of PrEP, 97 (65.1%) had good attitude towards PrEP while 111 (74.5%) had good perception of risk of HIV infection. One hundred and thirty-two (88.6%) reported to be taking PrEP and 119 (79.9%) had good adherence to PrEP. Predictors of adherence to PrEP were educational status, age of commencement of sex work and monthly income. It was found that educated sex workers were 2.67 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.280-5.591, p=0.019). Those who commenced sex work after clocking 18 years of age were 75% times less likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.106-0.597, p=0.001) while those with average monthly income more than #10,000 were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=1.65, 95% CI=0.674-4.042, p=0.0275.\nDiscussion and Recommendation: The level of adherence to PrEP is considerably high and underscores a positive effect of the efforts of the Government of Nigeria in controlling HIV as a threat by 2030. Further studies would be useful to understand the behavioral factors associated with low adherence to PrEP among FSW who have spent more than 5 years in sex work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:58:45Z","timestamp":1691153925000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE TO PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYAXIS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga","family":"Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin Samson","family":"Jegede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbertta Ekpen","family":"Anegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goodman","family":"Olayinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lagos State College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NACA. The 2018 Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS): National Summary Sheet [Internet]. Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). Abuja; 2019. p. 1\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/www.naiis.ng\/%0Ahttps:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/NAIIS-PA-NATIONAL-FACTSHEET-FINAL.pdf","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.25752"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Africa. HIV\/AIDS [Internet]. Online. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/health-topics\/hivaids#:~:text=Key populations and their sexual,their clients%2C and transgender people."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National Guidelines for Implementation of HIV Programmes for Female Sex Workers in Nigeria [Internet]. Abuja: National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA); 2020. 1\u201335 p. Available from: https:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/FSW-Guideline...pdf"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. PrEP 101 [Internet]. Atlanta, USA: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. p. 1\u20132. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/consumer-info-sheets\/cdc-hiv-consumer-info-sheet-prep-101.pdf"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National AIDS and STI\u2019s Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health: 2016 National Guidelines for HIV Prevention Treatment and Care [Internet]. 2016. 1\u2013123 p. Available from: https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/nigeria_national_guidelines_2016.pdf","DOI":"10.18411\/d-2016-154"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WHO. GUIDANCE ON PRE-EXPOSURE ORAL PROPHYLAXIS (PrEP) FOR SERODISCORDANT COUPLES, MEN AND TRANSGENDER WOMEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN AT HIGH RISK OF HIV July 2012 [Internet]. L\u2019IV Com S\u00e0rl V-Y, editor. Leonardo. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/75188\/9789241503884_eng.pdf?sequence=1","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.58ef94dcd462b80290b506eb"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Avert. Sex workers , HIV and AIDS [Internet]. Avert. 2019. p. 1\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/www.avert.org\/printpdf\/node\/384"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global Aids Strategy 2021 \u2013 2026 End Inequalities . End Aids . [Internet]. UNAIDS. 2021. 160 p. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/Global-AIDS-Strategy-2021-2026","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210028370"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nalukwago GK, Isunju JB, Muwonge T, Katairo T, Bunani N, Semitala F, et al. Adherence to oral hiv pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in kampala, uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(3):1048\u201358.","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i3.12"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Country factsheets NIGERIA | 2020 HIV and AIDS Estimates Adults and children living with Country factsheets NIGERIA | 2020 HIV testing and treatment cascade People living with HIV Coverage of adults and children. AIDSinfo. 2020.","DOI":"10.32388\/vwr1g1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNAIDS. HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. Glob Inf HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2019;16:1\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hiv-around-world\/sub-saharan-africa\/nigeria","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137009951.0008"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Coalition of civil society organizations. Shadow report: On the situation of Sex Workers in Nigeria [Internet]. Nigeria Sex Workers Association. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/tbinternet.ohchr.org\/Treaties\/CEDAW\/Shared Documents\/NGA\/INT_CEDAW_NGO_NGA_27627_E.pdf"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emmanuel G, Folayan M, Undelikwe G, Ochonye B, Jayeoba T, Yusuf A, et al. Community perspectives on barriers and challenges to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis access by men who have sex with men and female sex workers access in Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:69.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8195-x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Litiema E, Orago A, Muia D. Correlates Associated With Adherence Among Female Sex Workers on Hiv Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis in Nairobi City County, Kenya. J Heal Med Nurs. 2021;7(3):29\u201340.","DOI":"10.47604\/jhmn.1401"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai Y, Shi R, Shen T, Pei B, Jiang X, Ye X, et al. A study of HIV\/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviors among female sex workers in Shanghai China. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2010;10:377. Available from: http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2458\/10\/377","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-377"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Kioko R, Muthami L, Gikunju J. Knowledge, attitude and practice of post exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers at Majengo, Nairobi. Afr J Health Sci. 2013;24(1):84\u201391."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Travasso SM, Mahapatra B, Saggurti N, Krishnan S. Non-paying partnerships and its association with HIV risk behavior, program exposure and service utilization among female sex workers in India. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:248.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-248"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma Q, Jiang J, Pan X, Cai G, Wang H, Zhou X, et al. Consistent condom use and its correlates among female sex workers at hair salons: A cross-sectional study in Zhejiang province, China. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:910.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4891-6"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Omokanye L, Salaudeen A, Yusuf A. Reproductive health problems and health seeking behavior of female sex workers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Zaria, Nigeria. Sahel Med J. 2014;17(1):23\u20138.","DOI":"10.4103\/1118-8561.129150"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomko C, Park JN, Allen ST, Glick J, Galai N, Decker MR, et al. Awareness and Interest in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Street-Based Female Sex Workers: Results from a US Context. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2019;33(2):49\u201357.","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0182"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghayda RA, Hospital W, Yang JW, Jeong GH, Kronbichler A. A Review of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence among Female Sex Workers. Yonsei Med J. 2020;5(61).","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.5.349"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sidebottom D, Ekstr\u00f6m AM, Str\u00f6mdahl S. A systematic review of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV - How can we improve uptake and adherence? BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:581.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3463-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:58:51Z","timestamp":1691153931000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1838"}},"editor":[{"given":"Bechan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, India."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-22-4204","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-7339","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"article-number":"1838"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:10:43Z","timestamp":1760695843842,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1444025119000},"page":"39-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pattern of Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens and Pattern of Occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions in an Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Radhakrishnan Rajesh M.Pharm, Asst Professor (Senior Grade), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal- 576 104, Karnataka, India."},{"name":"* Corresponding author"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidyasagar","family":"Sudha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Sudha Vidyasagar MD, Professor & Head of the Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal \u2013 576 104, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muralidhar Varma","family":"Danturulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Danturulu Muralidhar Varma MD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal \u2013 576 104, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naik","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Anand Naik MD, District Surgeon, District Hospital, Udupi \u2013 576 101, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohandas Hegde","family":"Brahmavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Brahmavar Mohandas Hegde MBBS, Medical officer, ART Centre, District Hospital, Udupi \u2013 576 101, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guddattu","family":"Vasudeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Vasudeva Guddattu MSc, Asst Professor, Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal \u2013 576 104, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamath","family":"Asha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Asha Kamath Ph.D, Selection Grade Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal \u2013 576 104, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Poornima P Rajesh R Sudha V Varma D M Assessment of hematological adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive patients at Kasturba hospital Manipal.BMC Infectious Disease.12(Suppl1):P55 2012","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-S1-P55"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Rajesh R Vidyasagar S Varma D M Mohiuddin S Noorunnisa Evaluation of incidence of zidovudine induced anemia in Indian human immunodeficiency virus positive patients in comparison with stavudine based highly active antiretroviral therapy.IntJ RiskSafMed 2011 23 3 171 180","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-2011-0531"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"3. National aids Control Organization ministry of health and family welfare, government of India [homepage on the internet].India: 2009.[updated 2009June21;cited 2009August31].Available from: http:\/\/www.nacoonline.org\/"},{"key":"ref004","unstructured":"4. Kumarasamy N Solomon S Erica Peters R Edwin A Purnima M Ravikumar B The use of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of people living with human immunodeficiency virus: experience in a south Indian tertiary referral centre.JAssocPhysicians 2000 India.48: 390 3"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Edwards I R Aronson J K Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis and management.Lancet 2000 356 1255 1259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02799-9"},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"6. International monitoring of adverse reactions to drugs.WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology, The Uppsala Monitoring Centre:Uppsala,2007"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Naranjo C A Busto U Sellers E M A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions.ClinPharmacolTher.30(2): 1981 239 245","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Hartwig S C Siegel J Schneider P J Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions.Am J Hosp Pharm.49: 1992 2229 32","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/49.9.2229"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"9. Schumock G T Thornton J P Focusing on the preventability of adverse drug reactions.Hosp 1992 Pharm.27: 538"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Modayil R Anand H Parthasarathi G Ramesh M Rajendra P Vasudeva N Vamadeva G Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ART): An experience of spontaneous reporting and intensive monitoring from ART centre in 2010 India.PharmacoepidemiolDrugSaf.19: 247 55","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1907"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Khalili H Khavidaki S D Mohraz M Etghani A Almasi F Antiretroviral induced adverse drug reactions in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus positive patients.PharmacoepidemiolDrugSaf.18: 2009 848 857","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1793"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Anwikar S R Bandekar M S Bajpai S Pazare A P Tatke P A HAART induced adverse drug reactions: A retrospective analysis at a tertiary referral health care center in 2011 India.IntJ RiskSafMed.23 3 163 169","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-2011-0532"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"13. Obiako O R Muktar H M Garko S B Ajayi-Tobi E Olayinka A T Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiretroviral Regimens 2012 in Adult Patients of a University Teaching Hospital HIV Program in Zaria, Northern Nigeria: An Observational Cohort Study.JAntivirAntiretrovir.4: 006 013"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Broers B Morabia A Hirschel B A cohort study of drug user\u2019s compliance with zidovudine treatment.Arch Intern Med.154: 1994 1121 1127","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420100105014"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Supriya M Richard D M Neil M H Potential factors affecting adherence with HIV therapy.AIDS.11: 1997 1665 1670","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199714000-00002"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Jean P F Maja M Jan-Nico B B Luigi N Cecile V Jean-CR Nevirapine and the risk of Stevens \u2013Johnson Syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.AIDS.15: 2001 1843 1848","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00014"},{"key":"ref017","unstructured":"17. BlitzMSpivackEKerpelSFreedmanP1999184185 Stevens-Johnson syndrome in an HIV infected patient.9:"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Leung J M Brien J G Wong H K Efavirenz-induced hypersensitivity reaction manifesting in rash and hepatitis in a Latino male 2008 Ann Pharmacother 42 3 425 9","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K574"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Carr A Cooper D A Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy.Lancet.356: 2000 1423 30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02854-3"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Jordi B Esteban M Araceli R Jose L B Miguel A G Josep M P Elisa D L Preliminary data of a prospective study on neuropsychiatric side effects after initiation of efavirenz.JAcquirImmuneDeficSyndr.27: 2001 336 343","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200108010-00003"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Browne M J Mayer K H Chafee S B 2,3-Didehydro-3-deoxythymidine (d4T) in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex: a phase 1 trial.J Infect Dis.167: 1993 21 9","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.21"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Carr A Samaras K Thorisdottir A Kaufmann G R Chisholm D J Cooper D A Diagnosis, prediction, and natural course of HIV-1protease-inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus: a cohort study.Lancet.353: 1999 2093 2099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08468-2"},{"key":"ref023","unstructured":"23. Ward D J Delancy K M Moorman A C Description of lipodystrophy in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS). San Diego: 1999 First International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV.(abstr 14)"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Miller K K Jones E Yanovski J A Visceral abdominal-fat accumulation associated with use of indinavir.Lancet.351: 1998 871 75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11518-5"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Martinez E Blanco J L Arnaiz J A Perez-Cuevas J B Mocroft A Cruceta A Marcos M A Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy.AIDS 2001 15 1261 1268","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107060-00007"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Johnson S Baraboutis J G Sha B E Proia L A Kessler H Adverse effects associated with use of nevirapine in HIV post-exposure prophylaxis for 2 healthcare workers.JAMA.284: 2000 2722 2723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.21.2722"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Disease Control and Prevention.1997-2000.Serious adverse events attributed to nevirapine regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis after HIV exposures-worldwide.JAMA.2001; 285: 402 403 Centers for","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.4.402"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Prakash M Poreddy V Tiyyagura L Bonacini M Jaundice and hepatocellular damage associated with nevirapine therapy.Am 2001 J Gastroenterol.96: 1571 1574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03779.x"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Sulkowski M Thomas D Chaisson R Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with HIV and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection.JAMA.283: 2000 74 80","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.1.74"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Muller M Wandel S Colebunders R Attia S Furrer H Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet 2010 10 251 261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70026-8"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Shelburne S A Visnegarwala F Darcourt J Graviss E A Giordano T P White AC Jr Hamill R J Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy.AIDS.19(4): 2005 399 406","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Grant P M Komarow L Andersen J Sereti I Pahwa S Risk factor analyses for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a randomized study of early vs. deferred ART during an opportunistic infection. PLoS One 5:e11416 2010","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011416"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. French M A Price P Stone S F Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy.AIDS 2004 18 1615 1627","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131375.21070.06"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Murdoch D M WDF Venter A Van Rie Feldman C Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): review of common infectious manifestations and treatment options.AIDS research and therapy.4: 9 2007","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-4-9"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Gulick R M Mellors J W Havlir D Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy.NEnglJ Med 1997 337 734 739","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371102"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Hammer S M Squires K E Hughes M D A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less.NEnglJ Med 1997 337 725 733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371101"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Sullivan P S Hanson D L Chu S Y Jones J L Ward J W Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Infected persons: Results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV Disease Surveillance Project.Blood 1998 91 1 301 308","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.1.301.301_301_308"},{"key":"ref038","unstructured":"38. Taylor A T (2002).Nausea and vomiting In:DipPiro,J,Talbert,R,Yee,G,Matzke,G,Wells,B,Posey,L,editors.Pharmacotherapy:A patho physiologic approach. 5th ed. New York:McGraw-HillMedical Publishing 641 653"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Fagot J P Mockenhaupta M Nico Bouwes-Bavinckb J Naldic L Vibound C Roujeaud JC.(2001)The EuroSCAR study group. Nevirapine and risk of stevens Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.AIDS 15 1843 1848","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00014"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Hahn K Arendt G Braun J H Von Giesen Husstedt I Maschke M A Placebo-controlled Trail of Gabapentin for painful HIV- associated sensory neuropathies.NEnglJ 2004 Neurol 251 1260 1266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0529-6"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Trevor Hawkins Understanding and managing the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy.Antiviral research 2010 85 201 209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/44\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/article\/44\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/44","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:35:18Z","timestamp":1760693718000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/clinical-research-in-hiv-aids-and-prevention\/article\/44"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-12-174","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:12:29Z","timestamp":1753884749627,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCRHAP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction\nHIV prevention services to in-school adolescents need good planning and management. HIV risk reduction interventions are geared toward measuring sexual risk behaviour outcomes of adolescents that predispose them to HIV infection. The sexual behaviour of adolescents, especially in-school adolescents should be assessed in the process. Adolescents have been identified as the most vulnerable group for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and as such, measures should be taken to prevent them from infection. One important reason for higher HIV prevalence among adolescents, especially girls, is the frequent practice of age-discrepant partnering, where older men, who are more likely to be infected with HIV, form sexual partners with younger girls. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in the prevention of HIV and AIDs in rural areas of Abia State.\n\nMaterials and Methods\nThis is a descriptive cross-sectional survey that was conducted between January and March 2020. Information was collected from 66 students of a community secondary school in the state. Participants were selected by a multi-stage sampling method and data were obtained using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire.\n\nResults\nRespondents consisted of 40(60.6%) females and 26(39.4%) males with ages ranging from 13 to 19. Some of the respondents 28 (42.4%), are living with parents while 24(36.4%) live with close relatives. A good number of the respondents 39(59.1%), accepted that their friends are HIV positive. Majority of them 49(74.2%) have not been approached for sexual relationships. About 17(25.8%) of the respondents accepted that they have boyfriends and girlfriends. Out of this number, 12(18.2%) of them said they have been approached for sex and only 2(3%) of them accepted having sexual relationships with the opposite sex. Finding showed that only 1(1.5%) of the respondents claimed to have ever used condoms during sex. Of the sexually active respondents, 49(74.2%) of them are aware that HIV is a virus infection caused by having multiple sex partners while 14(21.2%) were not sure whether HIV is a virus or bacterial infection.\n\nConclusion\nThe study revealed a gap in the knowledge of HIV prevention as well as inappropriate sexual behaviour among the respondents. Therefore, meaningful strategies that will be culturally sensitive to modify adolescent sexual risk behaviours should be adopted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T06:42:41Z","timestamp":1614840161000},"page":"14-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overview of HIV Prevention among In-school Adolescents in the Rural Areas of Abia State of Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Enwereji,","family":"E.E","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyemechi,","family":"P.E.N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.Ford N, Mofenson L, Shubber Z. (2014) Safety of efavirenz in the first trimester of pregnancy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 28(suppl 2):S123-S131.","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000000231"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2. (2006) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. September 22. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/rr5514a1.htm. Accessed."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3.Fialho R M, Pereira M, Mendon\u00e7a N. (2013) Depressive symptoms and neurocognitive performance among HIV-infected women. , Women Health 53, 117-134.","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2013.767301"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4.Li Y, Marshall C M, Rees H C, Nunez A, Ezeanolue E E et al. (2014) Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , J Int AIDS Soc 17, 18845.","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.17.1.18845"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"5. (2020) World Health Organization. Update of recommendations on first- and second-line antiretroviral regimens. Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/arv\/arv-update-2019-policy\/en\/. Accessed."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"6. (2020) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2017-vol-29.pdf. Accessed 29."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"7. (2007) Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria: National Strategic Plan on the Health and Development of Adolescents and young people in Nigeria."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"8.Adedimeji A, Omololu O. (2007) Odutolu : Urban slum residence, HIV risk-perception and constraints to Protective behaviour among young people in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Health Population Nutrition. 25(2), 146-157."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"9.Isiugo-Abanihe U. (2004) Oyediran KA: Household socio-economic status and sexual behaviour among Nigerian female youth. African Population Studies. 19(1), 81-98."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10.S E Weed. (2012) Sex education programs for schools still in question. A commentary on meta-analysis. , American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42(3), 313-15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.11.004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11.Shankar P R, Subish P, Paudel R, Alam K. (2009) Perception and knowledge about HIV\/AIDS among students in a medical college in western Nepal. SAARC Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease HIV\/AIDS 2, 11-16.","DOI":"10.3126\/saarctb.v6i2.3052"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12.Iyaniwura C A, Daniel O J, Adelowo O O. (2007) Attitude of Youths to Sexual Abstinence as a strategy for HIV prevention. , Nigerian Medical Practitioners 52(2), 33-37.","DOI":"10.4314\/nmp.v52i2.28888"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13.Oladepo O, Fayemi M M. (2011) Perceptions about sexual abstinence and knowledge of HIV\/AIDS prevention among in-school adolescents in a western Nigerian city.BMC Public Health11. 304, 10-1186.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-304"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14.Amoran E, Onadeko M O. (2005) Adeniyi JD: Parental influence on adolescent sexual initiation practices in Ibadan. , Nigeria 23(1), 73-81.","DOI":"10.2190\/u8vj-0ufe-hryu-j48l"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"15.Blum R W. Center for Adolescent Health and Development, University of Minnesota (2002) Mothers Influence on Teen Sex: Connections That Promote Postponing Sexual Intercourse, Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"16.Ihejiamaizu E C. (2001) Adolescent Fertility Behaviour in Nigeria: Trends and Determinants. In proceedings of. IUSSP. XVIV General Population conference, Salvadlor Brazil: 18-24."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"17.Chapin J R. (2000) Adolescent sex and mass media: A developmental approach. , Adolescence 35, 799-811."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18.Jackson C, Geddes R, Haw S, Frank J. (2012) Interventions to prevent substance use and risky sexual behaviour in young people: a systematic review. Addiction (Abingdon. , England 107(4), 733-47.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03751.x"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"19. (2016) National Agency for the Control of AIDS. National HIV Strategy for Adolescents and Young People:. Available from: http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_protect\/---protrav\/---ilo_aids\/documents\/legaldocument\/wcms_532857.pdf"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"20.Olley B O. (2015) Date fighting and sexual risk behaviours among adolescents attending public schools. in Ibadan, Nigeria. Gender and Behaviour 13(1), 6515-21."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21.Pharr J R, Enejoh V, Mavegam B O, Olutola A, Karick H et al. (2017) . Available from: http:\/\/jhrba.com\/en\/articles\/63203.html , A Cross-Sectional Study of the Role of HIV \/ AIDS Knowledge in Risky Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents in Nigeria. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 6(4), 1-6.","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.63203"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"22.Oginni A B, Adebajo S B, Ahonsi B A. (2003) Trends and Determinants of Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV among Adolescents and Young Adults in. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29624937 , Nigeria:, Afr J Reprod Heal 21(2), 26-34.","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2017\/v21i2.4"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"23.Ajide K B, Balogun F M.Knowledge of HIV and intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and practices among senior school adolescents in Ibadan. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6169801\/pdf\/nihms967680.pdf , Nigeria, Arch basic Appl Med 6(1), 3-8."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"24.Chinonyelum K, Onyechi N, Eseadi C, Okere A U, Otu M S. (2019) . Effects of Rational-Emotive Health Education Program on HIV risk perceptions among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(29) Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5265750\/pdf\/medi-95-e3967.pdf. Accessed 8","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000003967"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T06:43:16Z","timestamp":1614840196000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/jcrhap\/article\/1565"}},"editor":[{"given":"Varun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Institute of Social Sciences."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3633","ISSN":["2324-7339"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2324-7339"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"article-number":"1565"}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}