{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":58,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:14:19Z","timestamp":1753884859194,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several mRNA vaccines are used on the population in the U.S. I started predicting the dangers of mRNA vaccines before March 2021 and update my findings periodically. My prior model study enabled me to identify many flaws in clinical trials, side-effect evaluation methods and mechanism studies, and I also considered consistent failure in predicting drug side effects in the past and systematic failure of FDA in keeping out dangerous drugs from market. I found that the risks of vaccination cannot be determined by experiments alone and must be determined by using a combination of methods. By studying mRNA expression dynamics and kinetics, I predict that vaccination with mRNA vaccines may increase cancer risks, multiple organ failure risks, earlier death risks, genome alteration speeds by one or more mechanisms, alter the normal selection process for viral evolution resulting in more virulent viruses, and aggravate chronic diseases or cause healed diseases to relapse. Two root problems are practical inability to control expression sites and severe adverse reactions from repeated vaccination. Based on mRNA bio-distribution, the mRNA mainly strikes the liver and other vital organs, and poses grave dangers to persons whose vascular functional reserves are relatively small, or whose vascular systems are temporarily burdened by other causes such as viral infections or life activities. If an mRNA vaccine is administered on a pregnant woman by second or booster shots, spike protein synthesis in fetus brain disrupts the highly regulated protein synthesis processes, resulting in potential brain damages. In less than a year, most of my early predicted damages are being materialized or are on the track to hit the population. In this update, I present a benefits-and-risks map to show how the number of deaths caused by mRNA vaccines is grossly underestimated and why claimed benefits like 95% effectiveness rate and 90% death rate reduction are meaningless and misleading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-22-4117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T05:09:47Z","timestamp":1671772187000},"page":"7-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression of Concern: Potential Risks and Unknown Effects of mRNA Vaccines on Population Health (6th Rev). Damages Are Being Materialized"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthier World (Independent researcher for cause), P. O. Box 689, Beltsville, MD 20704."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.CDC. (2021) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). https:\/\/ www.cdc.gov\/vaccinesafety\/ensuringsafety\/monitoring\/vaers\/index.html","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410x(94)90044-2"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.Wu J, Zha P. (2019) Randomized Clinical Trial Is Biased and Invalid In Studying Chronic Diseases, Compared with Multiple Factors Optimization Trial. Preprints.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3480523"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3.Wu J, Zha P. 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The present study demonstrated how ultra weak lightcause changes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Vero cells.\n\nUltra weak lightactivates Vero cells by lowering pH of maintain media, but have proven no effect of killing the virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-3934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T06:07:33Z","timestamp":1635228453000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identify the Effects of Ultra Weak Light on Alphacoronavirus and Vero Cells"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hee-Chun","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Giap","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Quynh","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biolight corporation in Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Su","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biolight corporation in Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bong-Kyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo-Kyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noah Biotech Company in Research Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noah Biotech Company in Research Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.Chen Y-N, Hsueh Y-H, Hsieh C-T, Tzou D-Y, Chang P-L. 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WBC and LYM in the 1st day, in the 4th day and in the 7th day after onset were collected. There were not any differences in The WBC and LYM in the 4th day and the 7th day between the two groups.WBC and LYM in the 1st day in the moderate group were lesser than in the mild group. WBC and LYM were no dynamic changes in the mild group. In moderate group, WBC and LYM in the 1st day were lesser than in the 4th day. The levels in the 4th day and the 7th day were no differences. The conclusion was In the early stage of COVID-19, the WBC and LYM in moderate patients were significantly decreased within 4 days after onset, and could be restored to normal level after 4-7 days. 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Research and publication are relevant from perspectives in the management of local and global health because disease is perspicuously a geopolitical issue ostensibly linked to gain-of-function research where health diplomacy undergirds present and future global functionalities regarding the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. These have generated vehement reactions with propensity for extreme geopolitics and gain-of-function natural and anthropogenic activities. Geopolitical parameters and gain-of-function issues impact on the social determinants of health and vice versa. The convening and convergence of countries for unprecented epidemic or pandemic treaty settings or other formulations to confront emerging and reemerging infectious diseases will afford considerable opportunities concerning challenges in action, preparedness and response. Provisions are pertinent for legal instruments, effective and efficient systems to curb future threats and outbreaks of infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-4044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:29:46Z","timestamp":1642494586000},"page":"10-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Features of the Emergence and Re-Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Geopolitics and Gain-of-Function Research"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Chrysanthus","family":"Chukwuma Sr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, Centre For Future-Oriented Studies, CTR Future-Oriented Ltd, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1. Chukwuma Sr C. 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DOI: 10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08,021,","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.021"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T22:55:47Z","timestamp":1700088947000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1751"}},"editor":[{"given":"Raul","family":"Isea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Estudios Avanzados - IDEA, Hoyo de la Puerta, Baruta."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-4044","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"article-number":"1751"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:12:39Z","timestamp":1753884759217,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the spread of the new coronavirus around the world, governments of various countries have begun to use the mathematical modeling method to construct some virus transmission models assessing the risks of spatial spread of the new coronavirus COVID-19, while carrying out epidemic prevention work, and then calculate the inflection point for better prevention and control of epidemic transmission. This work analyzes the spread of the new coronavirus in China, Italy, Germany, Spain, and France, and explores the quantitative relationship between the growth rate of the number of new coronavirus infections and time. In investigating the dynamics of a disease such as COVID-19, its mathematical representation can be constructed at many levels of details, guided by the questions the model tries to help answer. Mathematical sophistication may have to yield to a more pragmatic approach closer to the ability to make predictions that inform public health policies.\n\nBackground\nIn December 2019 , the first Chinese patients with pneumonia of unknown cause is China admitted to hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Jinyintan , since then, COVID-19 in the rapid expansion of China Wuhan, Hubei, in a few months time, COVID-19 is Soon it spread to a total of 34 provincial-level administrative regions in China and neighboring countries, and Hubei Province immediately became the hardest hit by the new coronavirus. In an emergency situation, we strive to establish an accurate infectious disease retardation growth model to predict the development and propagation of COVID-19, and on this basis, make some short-term effective predictions. The construction of this model has Relevant departments are helpful for the prevention and monitoring of the new coronavirus, and also strive for more time for the clinical trials of Chinese researchers and the research on vaccines against the virus to eliminate the new corona virus as soon as possible.\n\nMethods\nAccording to the original data change law, Establish a Logistic growth model, we collect and compare and integrate the spread of COVID-19 in China, Italy, France, Spain and Germany, record the virus transmission trend among people in each country and the protest measures of relevant government departments.\n\nFindings\nBased on the analysis results of the Logistic model model, the Logistic model has a good fitting effect on the actual cumulative number of confirmed cases, which can bring a better effect to the prediction of the epidemic situation and the prevention and control of the epidemic situation.\n\nInterpretation\nIn the early stage of the epidemic, due to inadequate anti-epidemic measures in various countries, the epidemic situation in various countries spread rapidly. However, with the gradual understanding of COVI D -19, the epidemic situation began to be gradually controlled, thereby retarding growth<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T11:22:47Z","timestamp":1599564167000},"page":"26-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Models and data Analysis of the Outbreak Risk of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jinming","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. 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Lancet Infect Dis. 14, 140-145.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70690-X"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"22.E I Azhar, S A El-Kafrawy, S A Farraj.Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus[J]. , N Engl J Med 2014, 2499-2505.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1401505"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23.Zhou P, Fan H, Lan T. (2018) Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin[J]. , Nature 556, 255-258.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0010-9"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T11:22:56Z","timestamp":1599564176000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1444"}},"editor":[{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Turabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center Santa Maria de Benquerencia Toledo, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3383","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"article-number":"1444"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:15:01Z","timestamp":1753884901619,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper resolves analytically a mathematical model that reproduces the transmission of Covid-19 in three interactive populations, i.e. from the initial source of contagion associated with the bat population, subsequently transmitted to unknown host (usually associate with pangolins). The host were sent and distributed to Seafood Market in Wuhan (defined reservoir), and finally infected to the human population. The model is based on a system of ten differential equations reproducing all the possible infection scenarios among all of them, that is: (1) there is no infection in any of the three populations, (2) only the population of bats is infected, (3) only the pangolins, (4) only the human people. Later, combinations between them, this is: (5) both the bat and pangolin populations, (6) bats and humans, (7) pangolins and humans, and finally, (8) all the previous populations. In each scenario, I deduced the critical points as well as the eigenvalues \u200b\u200bthat indicate the equilibrium conditions. Finally, it is demonstrated the validity of the model with the data corresponding to the second wave of infections in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-3732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T06:49:22Z","timestamp":1614926962000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analytical Solutions of the Transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 in Three Interactive Populations"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Isea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n IDEA, Hoyo de la Puerta, Baruta, Venezuela."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1.Biao T, Xia W. (2020) Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions\u201d. , J. Clinical Medicine 9, 462."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.Isea R. (2020) Characterizing the transmission dynamics of the cases registered by Covid-19 in Venezuela according to epidemic wave and the value of the Mantissa. , International Journal of Coronavirus 2(2), 8.","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3635"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3.Isea R. (2020) Simulando la din\u00e1mica de transmisi\u00f3n de pacientes coinfectados con la. Covid-19 y dengue. Revista Observador del Conocimiento 5(3), 26."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4.Ahmad Z, Arif M, Ali F, Khan I, Nissar K S. (2020) A report on. Covid-19 in Pakistan using SEIR fractional model. Scientific Reports 10, 22268.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79405-9"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"5.Isea R. (2020) La din\u00e1mica de transmisi\u00f3n del Covid-2019 desde una perspectiva matem\u00e1tica. Revista Observador del Conocimiento. , Vol 5(1), 15."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"6.Chen T-M, Rul J, Wang Q-P, Zhao Z-Y, Cui J-A et al. (2020) A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus. Infectious Diseases of. Poverty,Vo.9: 24."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7.Zhou P.A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. , Nature 579, 270.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8.Xiao K, Zhao J, Feng Y, Zhou N, Zhang X et al. (2020) Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins. , Nature 583, 286.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2313-x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T03:25:45Z","timestamp":1671506745000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1571"}},"editor":[{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Turabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center Santa Maria de Benquerencia Toledo, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-3732","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"article-number":"1571"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1753884766903,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As there is no specific treatment yet, the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is being carried out with great difficulty today. The use of immune plasma is seen as a promising option since there is expectation that it will reduce mortality, as in influenza pandemics experienced in 1918 and 2009. However, the safety and effectiveness of this treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 viruses are not known for certain. In addition, the optimal obtaining methods and protection time of neutralizing antibodies to be used to provide passive immunization are not fully known. Therefore, it would be very useful to investigate the most effective neutralizing antibody collection methods without disrupting the overall structure and effectiveness of the antibodies subject to the use of the convalescent immune plasma. For this purpose, we found it appropriate to prepare a broad review on the structure and properties of antibodies, as well as the principles and storage conditions of antibodies to be used in passive immunization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T06:16:18Z","timestamp":1602483378000},"page":"4-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presentation of Neutralizing Antibodies in Single- or Pooled-Convalescent Immune Plasma from Donors to Prevent the Current SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Fatih","family":"Ozcelik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhterem","family":"Ercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulent Bar\u0131s","family":"Guven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Zahit","family":"Ciraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.Inbar D, Hochman J, Givol D. (1972) . Localization of Antibody-Combining Sites within the Variable Portions of Heavy and Light Chains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 69(9), 2659-2662.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.9.2659"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.Xu J L, Davis M M. (2000) . 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The COVID-19 infection manifests with flu-like symptoms such as cough, cold, and fever resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung dysfunction, and other systemic complications in critical patients are creating panic across the globe. However, the licensed vaccine has started to show up; some resulted in side effects that would limit its possibility in some circumstances as allergic personnel, for example. Moreover, the production and approval of new drugs is a very complicated process and takes a long time. On the other hand, stem cells have gone the extra mile and intensively investigated at preclinical and clinical studies in various degenerative diseases, including infectious ones. Stem cells are proposed as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent, which may suppress the exaggerated immune response and promote endogenous repair by enhancing COVID-19 infected lung microenvironment. Also, stem cells have different application manners, either direct transplantation, exosome transplantation, or drug delivery of specific cytokines or nanoparticles with antiviral property by engineering stem cells. This review discusses and summarizes the possible emerging role of cell-based therapy, especially stem cell therapy, as an alternative promising therapeutic option for the treatment and control of novel COVID-19 and its potential role in tissue rejuvenation after COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T11:12:55Z","timestamp":1614683575000},"page":"23-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cell Therapy as an Alternative approach for COVID-19 Infection Consequences: A Non-Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Hoda","family":"Elkhenany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Felix Hospital, Sector 137, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201305, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa F.","family":"Abdelhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Undergraduate student at Biotechnology program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams university, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.Lu H, Stratton C W, Tang Y W. 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Crit Care Med.","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000004285"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T04:27:00Z","timestamp":1724560020000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1567"}},"editor":[{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Turabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center Santa Maria de Benquerencia Toledo, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3685","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"article-number":"1567"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:13:14Z","timestamp":1753884794009,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Some evidence confirms the paradoxical beneficial role of harmful antigens when used in highly diluted forms. In this experiment, we observed cytokine gene expression changes in Gallus gallus embryo after challenge with Delta SARS-CoV-2 RBD spike protein antigen, from a concentration of 10 \u00b5g\/mL to a series of highly diluted forms in ethanol, along with controls. We have also studied pre-and post- experimental combined sets of higher (10 \u00b5g\/mL) and significantly lower antigen concentrations (attogram level). Attogram and zeptogram level concentrations of the antigen showed consistently remarkable up-regulation of INF-\u03b1 among different cytokine gene expressions. INF-\u03b2 gene expressions at the zeptogram level of the antigen showed consistent changes, although not so outstanding. The pre-experimental set having attogram level antigen administered first, followed by a 10\u00b5g\/mL antigen challenge, showed excellent cytokine balance. Other experimental groups, including the control sets, showed variable results at different concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-22-4296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T05:04:16Z","timestamp":1670389456000},"page":"9-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Marginal SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Increases Interferon and Balances Cytokine Gene Expression"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Satadal","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Research Unit, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debasmita","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Research Unit, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnendu","family":"Paira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Research Unit, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1.Brauner J M, Mindermann S, Sharma M, Johnston D, Salvatier J et al. 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Pharm 358, 1-15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.03.041"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T05:04:30Z","timestamp":1670389470000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1865"}},"editor":[{"given":"Raul","family":"Isea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Estudios Avanzados -IDEA"}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-22-4296","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"article-number":"1865"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:13:36Z","timestamp":1753884816435,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The work analyzes the dynamics of transmission of infections by the new coronavirus in twelve European countries, including France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Greece, Romania, Czech Republic, and Portugal, whose data from contagion were obtained by Johns Hopkins University until September 24, 2020. The study confirmed that this new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) surprised all the countries of the world that had to improve their public health policies to confront this disease according to the results obtained from the calculation of the mantissa. Although the countries were able to improve their policies after the first wave of contagion, Spain and France have the highest proportion of cases that stand out significantly with the rest of the countries in the second wave of infections that the world faces again. Likewise, the beginning of the epidemic outbreak was determined, which could help to track the spread of the disease through European countries (not the first case registered in each country), from which it can be inferred that the outbreak begins in Italy and later the rebound begins in Germany, France, and Spain. Within days, it significantly affects Greece and Austria, reaching Denmark, the Czech Republic, Romania, and Croatia. Finally, the number of people who must be vaccinated to counteract the advance of Covid-19 in these European countries was determined based on the calculation of the Basic Reproductive Number, R0. The number of people that would have to be vaccinated in all these countries to counteract this disease sums up to 206.830.361.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T15:58:29Z","timestamp":1603555109000},"page":"14-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamics of Infections and Number of Vaccines Needed to Avoid Covid-19 in Europe"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Isea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3nInstituto de Estudios Avanzados, Hoyo de la Puerta, Baruta. Venezuela."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1.Isea R. (2020) La din\u00e1mica de transmisi\u00f3n del Covid-2019 desde una perspectiva matem\u00e1tica. , RevistaObservadordelConocimiento 5(1), 15."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.Isea R. (2020) A preliminary model to describe the transmission dynamics of Covid-19 between two neighboring cities or countries. MedRxiv ID:. 20156695.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.18.20156695"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3.Kissler A J, Tedijanto C, Goldstein E, Grad Y H, Lipsitch y et al. (2020) Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic 3period. , Science 368, 860.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.04.20031112"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4.Isea R, Lonngren y, KE. (2020) A quick look at the registered cases of Covid-19 throughout the world. , International Journal of Coronavirus 1(3), 15.","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3453"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5.Isea R, yLonngren K E. (2018) Toward an early warning system for Dengue, Malaria and Zika in Venezuela. , Acta Scientific Microbiology 1(3), 30.","DOI":"10.31080\/asmi.2018.01.0025"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"6.Isea R, Lonngren y, KE. (2017) Proposal For An Early Warning System Against An AH1N1 Influenza Pandemic In. , America. Adv. Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Science 1(2), 1."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"7.Wallinga J y Lipsith, M. (2007) How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers. , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Science 274, 599.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3754"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8.Neal P, Theparod y, T. (2019) The basic reproduction number, R0, in structured populations. arXiv ID:. 1903-10353.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2019.108224"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T15:58:35Z","timestamp":1603555115000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1482"}},"editor":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mayo-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEMAT. Av. Complutense, 40. 28040 Madrid. Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3587","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"article-number":"1482"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:27:28Z","timestamp":1758274048356,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\nThe use of hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic raised significant concerns as regards safety and efficacy in hospitalized patients. The objective was to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine on clinical improvement and mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.\n\nMethods\nA prospective cohort study was conducted at four general hospitals in the Western region, Saudi Arabia. Patients who had absolute or relative contraindication for using hydroxychloroquine were excluded. Patients concomitantly receiving other medications including azithromycin, antivirals, and supportive treatment were not excluded.\n\nResults\nA total 267 patients were included in the current analysis; 185 (69.3%) on hydroxychloroquine and 82 (30.7%) on non-hydroxychloroquine treatments. The average age was 46.0\u00b113.3 years and 78.3% of the patients were males. Approximately 95.9% of the patients were symptomatic with mild (50.6%), moderate (32.6%), severe (8.2%), or ARDS symptoms (4.5%). Compared with no hydroxychloroquine, those on hydroxychloroquine had significantly longer length of stay (11.5\u00b17.1 versus 7.8\u00b14.3 days, p&lt;0.001), more ICU admission (22.7% versus 9.8%, p=0.012), and more intubation (12.4% versus 3.7%, p=0.026). Improvement of symptoms (84.3% versus 81.7%, p=0.595) and hospitalization death (7.0% versus 1.2%, p=0.071) were not significantly different between groups. With exception of length of stay, the association of hydroxychloroquine with the above negative outcomes disappeared after adjustment for several factors including disease severity and concomitant use of azithromycin.\n\nConclusions\nHydroxychloroquine is not associated with better improvement of symptoms compared with other treatments. Moreover, it is associated with longer length of stay but not mortality or ICU admission in adjusted analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T08:05:23Z","timestamp":1610438723000},"page":"13-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Improvement and Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Four General Hospitals in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious disease consultant, King Fahad General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Aljuhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nasser Rajallah Aljuhani, internal medicine and endocrinology Consultant, East Jeddah hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afrah AL-","family":"Somali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afrah A. AL-Somali, Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah medical complex , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saeed Alzahrani, Consultant Neurologist , King Fahd General Hospital,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rashed Hujeel Alotaibi, Internal medicine resident, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Siddiqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salma Siddiqua, ENT, general physician, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwah","family":"Naitah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marwah Tariq Naitah, Medical specialist, Internal medicine , King Fahad general Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayda","family":"albelewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sayda Hamed albelewi, internal medicine S.registrar, East jeddah hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahmed Mashhour Alghamdi, Internal Medicine Resident, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alotaibi","family":"Fayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fayez Omear Alotaibi, Director of pharmacy, Pharmacy, King Fahad general Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullmoin","family":"AlQarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdullmoin Mohammed AlQarni, infectious Diseases- Internal Medicine Counsultant ,Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid Al-","family":"Hariqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khalid Waleed Abdullah Al-Hariqi, Internal Medicine Resident, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal Al -","family":"Gethamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manal Mansour Mezal Al -Gethamy, Infectious Diseases-Inernal Medicine Consultant, Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. 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Am J Trop Med Hyg.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0873"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24.Singh A K, Singh A, Singh R, Misra A. (2020) Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis.\".DiabetesMetabSyndr. 14(4), 589-596.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"25.Fiolet T, Guihur A, Rebeaud M, Mulot M, Peiffer-Smadja N et al. (2020) Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.08.022"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"26.Das R R, Jaiswal N, Dev N, Naik S S, Sankar J. (2020) . 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The Effect of Early Hydroxychloroquine-based Therapy in COVID-19 Patients in Ambulatory Care Settings: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study. medRxiv .","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.09.20184143"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T12:08:14Z","timestamp":1610453294000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1517"}},"editor":[{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Turabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Madrid, Toledo, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3652","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"article-number":"1517"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:14:18Z","timestamp":1753884858670,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In contributing to the initiative to address the COVID-19 pandemic and in order to enhance the knowledge on driving forces shaping the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (isolated from Tunisian patients), a comparison in relation to other coronaviruses infecting humans (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV\/229E, HCoV\/NL63, HCoV\/OC43, and HCoV\/HKU1) as well as animals (SARS-CoVs in tiger, bats, civet, pangolin, bovine, and MERS-CoV in dromedary\/camel), was conducted. In-depth analysis was carried out involving 115 sequences of spike glycoprotein-coding gene extracted from the international databases. Phylogeny inference allowed the reconstruction of a bifurcating tree where four distinct groups were delineated and at the same time, three animal accessions (SARS-CoV-2\/tiger, MERS-CoV\/camel, and SARS-CoV\/bovine) shifted from the animal group and integrated the human coronaviruses clades. Nonetheless, in the presence of reticulate events such as recombination, networks described better the phylogenetic relationships rather than the classic dendrogram. Thus, networks were produced and identified four clusters containing sharply demarcated subgroups (eight subdivisions). Except networked phylogenies of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and HCoV\/HKU1, all the others showed edges and boxes illustrating the occurrence of incompatibilities related to the sequences of spike glycoprotein-coding gene. Thereby and consolidating this result, three methods (RDP package, GARD, and RECCO) were used to detect breakpoints in aligned sequences. Except the clades SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, all the remaining phylogenetic subdivisions were subject to recombination. Furthermore, the screening of selection pressure in all studied sequences by various statistics-based models of the HyPhy package, showed that, similarly, the lineages belonging to the clades SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were not under selection. In contrast, all members of the remaining clades underwent, to different extents, adaptive selection as well as purifying selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-3756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T05:15:47Z","timestamp":1620105347000},"page":"9-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Evolutionary Characteristics of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Contracted by Tunisian Citizens: Comparison and Relationship to Other Human and Animal Coronaviruses Based on Spike Glycoprotein-Coding Gene Sequences Analysis"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Moncef","family":"Boulila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax- Institut de l\u2019Olivier- B.P. 14, 4061 Sousse Ibn Khaldoun, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5410","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1.Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Seroni M. 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(2015) . , Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet.2015Sep12;DOI;10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60733-4.Epub2015Aug12 386(9998), 1097-108.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)60733-4"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2.Peyrani P, Mandell L, Torres A, Tillotson G S. (2019) The burden of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine,DOI;10.1080\/17476348.2019.1562339. 13(2), 139-152.","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2019.1562339"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3.Klepikov Igor. (2019) What are the specifics of modern treatment of acute pneumonia?. , Chinese J Med Res 2(1), 01-03."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4.Tse G M, To K, Chan P K. 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The Role and Importance of Biological Stereotypes in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pneumonia.\u201d EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 83(2019), 239-246."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Coronaviruses"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T06:21:04Z","timestamp":1593757264000},"score":0.0,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccesspub.org\/ijcv\/article\/1341"}},"editor":[{"given":"Sasho","family":"Stoleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Occupational Health of R. Macedonia, WHO CC and Ga2len CC, Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3341","ISSN":["2692-1537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2692-1537"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"article-number":"1341"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:12:43Z","timestamp":1753884763951,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Open Access Pub","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCV"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\nSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection often causes coagulation disorders that affect highly vascularized organs, such as the lungs and kidneys.\n\nObjective\nThe objective of this study was to report the histopathological findings of variations in the fibrin pattern of pulmonary and renal microthrombi in patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection.\n\nMethods\nMinimally invasive autopsies were performed on 40 patients to collect lung (n=40) and kidney (n=16) tissue samples. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used for histopathological analyses. Premortem laboratory data were obtained from the patients' electronic medical records.\n\nResults\nThe lung tissue showed a patchy pattern, characterized by areas of both minimal and severe damage. The most significant histopathological finding was the detection of thrombi with fibrin structures organized into discrete star-shaped units, which were more frequently observed in areas with severe lung injury than in those with minimal lung injury (p = 0.012). Star-shaped fibrin structures were also observed in the renal glomerular capillaries. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of platelets and the procoagulant proteins von Willebrand factor (VWF) and Factor VIII within the star-shaped fibrin thrombi. Patients with star-shaped fibrin thrombi had higher levels of the systemic inflammatory indicators C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).\n\nConclusion\nOur observations suggest that the inflammatory microenvironment resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to the formation of star-shaped fibrin units in the pulmonary and renal microthrombi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-24-5218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T06:04:00Z","timestamp":1727762640000},"page":"18-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19-Induced Changes in the Fibrin Network of Pulmonary and Renal Microthrombi"],"prefix":"10.14302","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Meneses-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico, Department of Pathological Anatomy. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"S. Lopez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Becerril-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Lab. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saray","family":"Santos-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francina","family":"Bola\u00f1os-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Aguilar-Cazares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Luna-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas. 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