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We investigate two types of synoptic conditions\u2014low\u2010pressure systems and midlevel troughs\u2014and moisture sources related to extreme precipitation events. To account for the high spatial variability in rainfall, we cluster station\u2010based daily precipitation measurements resulting in three well\u2010separated geographic regions: west, central, and east Nepal. For each region, composite analysis of extreme events shows that atmospheric circulation is directed against the Himalayas during an extreme event. The direction of the flow is regulated by midtropospheric troughs and low\u2010pressure systems traveling toward the respective region. Extreme precipitation events feature anomalous high abundance of total column moisture. Quantitative Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic reveals that the largest direct contribution stems from land (approximately 75%), where, in particular, over the Indo\u2010Gangetic Plain moisture uptake was increased. Precipitation events occurring in this region before the extreme event likely provided additional moisture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2017jd027543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1510642360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Synoptic Conditions and Moisture Sources Actuating Extreme Precipitation in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7299-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Bohlinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Institute University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}]},{"given":"Asgeir","family":"Sorteberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Institute University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Sodemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Institute University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Trends in daily climatic extremes of temperature and precipitation in Nepal","volume":"5","author":"Baidya S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2003)131<1408:MTMITH>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5299"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JF001426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1987)115<2358:WVTOTI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"The extremes of the extremes: Extraordinary floods","author":"Chalise S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2000)128<1733:EOTOIA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1085(20000215)14:2<317::AID-HYP929>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1995)123<3458:FTOTUS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1999)127<1362:ACFFT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1994)122<2573:AGMFTA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010BAMS3173.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015RG000488"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2004)017<1449:IVOTLJ>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI2953.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-12-0155.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","unstructured":"L\u00e4derach A.(2016).Characteristic scales of atmospheric moisture transport(PhD thesis) ETH Zurich."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL067449"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<1299:AIOTOO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.2082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2011.595373"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rainfall in Nepal","volume":"12","author":"Nayava J. 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