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In the present study, we investigated both the role of \u03b14 integrin and the therapeutic effect of HCA3551, a newly synthesized orally active small-molecule \u03b14 integrin antagonist, in the development of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The mRNA levels of \u03b14 integrins were significantly up-regulated in the CNS of mice with TMEV-IDD as compared with na\u00efve mice (*p&amp;lt;0.05). HCA3551 treatment in the effector phase significantly suppressed both the clinical and histological development of TMEV-IDD. The number of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in the CNS was significantly decreased in the mice treated with HCA3551 (**p&amp;lt;0.01). The labeling indices for CD68 antigen and the absolute cell numbers of TNF-\u03b1-producing CD4+ T cells and IFN-\u03b3-producing CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in the CNS of mice treated with HCA3551 (*p&amp;lt;0.05). HCA3551 treatment in the effector phase might inhibit the binding of \u03b14 integrin to VCAM-1, thereby decreasing the number of MNCs in the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxw045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T12:05:18Z","timestamp":1477915518000},"page":"575-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The role of \u03b14 integrin in Theiler\u2019s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease: an infectious animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yuta","family":"Hirano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kunitoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tomiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yuhji","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]},{"given":"Byung S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sung","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2017011604002395000_28.12.575.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1651"},{"key":"2017011604002395000_28.12.575.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707"},{"key":"2017011604002395000_28.12.575.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7320","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7320-7329.1998","article-title":"CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells make discrete contributions to demyelination and neurologic disease in a viral model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Murray","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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