{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:46:50Z","timestamp":1761965210578,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1202,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006734","name":"Princeton University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006326","name":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006699","name":"High Energy Accelerator Research Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H04345","17H06363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H04345","17H06363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K03696","20H04730","20HT0063","16H02183","19H00694","20H00179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K03696","20H04730","20HT0063","16H02183","19H00694","20H00179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022598","name":"Toray Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008782","name":"University of Hawaii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022215","name":"Max Planck Institute for Astronomy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001314","name":"Durham University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000873","name":"Queen's University Belfast","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009207","name":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005319","name":"National Central University of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013757","name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX08AR22G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX08AR22G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AST-1238877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AST-1238877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008510","name":"University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009934","name":"Eotvos Lorand University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001695","name":"JST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMHCR1414","JP20317829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMHCR1414","JP20317829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The advancement of technology has resulted in a rapid increase in supernova (SN) discoveries. The Subaru\/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) transient survey, conducted from fall 2016 through spring 2017, yielded 1824 SN candidates. This gave rise to the need for fast type classification for spectroscopic follow-up and prompted us to develop a machine learning algorithm using a deep neural network with highway layers. This algorithm is trained by actual observed cadence and filter combinations such that we can directly input the observed data array without any interpretation. We tested our model with a dataset from the LSST classification challenge (Deep Drilling Field). Our classifier scores an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 for binary classification (SN\u00a0Ia or non-SN\u00a0Ia) and 95.3% accuracy for three-class classification (SN\u00a0Ia, SN\u00a0Ibc, or SN\u00a0II). Application of our binary classification to HSC transient data yields an AUC score of 0.925. With two weeks of HSC data since the first detection, this classifier achieves 78.1% accuracy for binary classification, and the accuracy increases to 84.2% with the full dataset. This paper discusses the potential use of machine learning for SN type classification purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psaa082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T12:49:18Z","timestamp":1596718158000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Photometric classification of Hyper Suprime-Cam transients using machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"},{"name":"CREST, JST , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"}]},{"given":"Akisato","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories , 2-4 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan"}]},{"given":"Naonori","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories , 2-4 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaomi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"},{"name":"Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8537-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomu","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan"},{"name":"CREST, JST , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"year":"2016","author":"Abadi","key":"2023122108224297800_bib1"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx066","volume":"70","author":"Aihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx081","volume":"70","author":"Aihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib3a","first-page":"1","volume":"94","author":"Appenzeller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Messenger"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib4","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Proc. 30th Int. Conf. Machine Learning","author":"Bergstra","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A22","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201423413","volume":"568","author":"Betoule","year":"2014","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib6","first-page":"7694","volume-title":"Proc. Neural Information Processing Systems 2018","author":"Bjorck","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab5182","volume":"158","author":"Boone","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab08a0","volume":"874","author":"Brout","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz258","volume":"484","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14440","volume":"521","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/712\/1\/511","volume":"712","author":"Carliles","year":"2010","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"year":"2020","author":"Carrasco-Davis","key":"2023122108224297800_bib10a"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L28","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aa603d","volume":"837","author":"Charnock","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/741\/1\/8","volume":"741","author":"Coil","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1086\/507788","volume":"132","author":"Conley","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1086\/383254","volume":"116","author":"Collister","year":"2004","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11521","volume":"491","author":"Cooke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab07c8","volume":"241","author":"Curtin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.14778\/2350229.2350278","volume":"5","author":"Dallachiesa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx2300","volume":"472","author":"de Jaeger","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1086\/587733","volume":"682","author":"Dilday","year":"2008","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.35.1.309","volume":"35","author":"Filippenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0563-4","volume":"2","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Astron."},{"year":"2020","author":"F\u00f6rster","key":"2023122108224297800_bib10b"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz807","volume":"486","author":"Frohmaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1086\/425155","volume":"616","author":"Fukugita","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx079","volume":"70","author":"Furusawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203601","volume":"337","author":"Gal-Yam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A98","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732134","volume":"612","author":"Garcia-Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-6256\/150\/3\/82","volume":"150","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/783\/1\/28","volume":"783","author":"Graur","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005161325181","volume":"85","author":"Grevesse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20066930","volume":"466","author":"Guy","year":"2007","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014468","volume":"523","author":"Guy","year":"2010","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aabacf","volume":"858","author":"Hasinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab8868","volume":"248","author":"Hausen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1086\/383624","volume":"116","author":"Hook","year":"2004","journal-title":"PASP"},{"year":"2020","author":"Hosseinzadeh","key":"2023122108224297800_bib10c"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac08b","volume":"867","author":"Hounsell","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05103","volume":"443","author":"Howell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib38","first-page":"448","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Machine Learning","author":"Ioffe","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab042c","volume":"873","author":"Ivezi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23908","volume":"550","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab76cb","volume":"892","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aab6b1","volume":"857","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/54.6.819","volume":"54","author":"Kashikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psy056","volume":"70","author":"Kawanomoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094501","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/ab26f1","volume":"131","author":"Kessler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib46","first-page":"354","volume-title":"37th IEEE Distributed Computing Systems Workshops","author":"Kimura","year":"2017"},{"year":"2014","author":"Kingma","key":"2023122108224297800_bib47"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/729\/1\/16","volume":"729","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1086\/309195","volume":"539","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx069","volume":"70","author":"Komiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3847\/0067-0049\/224\/2\/24","volume":"224","author":"Laigle","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2011.18160.x","volume":"412","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib53","first-page":"2677","volume-title":"2019 IEEE\/CVF Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.90.091301","volume":"90","author":"Linder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3847\/0067-0049\/225\/2\/31","volume":"225","author":"Lochner","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1086\/301004","volume":"118","author":"Lupton","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.1998.01697.x","volume":"297","author":"Madau","year":"1998","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac8d8","volume":"861","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab3a2f","volume":"158","author":"Malz","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2005.09270.x","volume":"362","author":"Maraston","year":"2005","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa6f08","volume":"841","author":"Masters","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-018-0565-7","volume":"214","author":"Mernier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx063","volume":"70","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psw007","volume":"68","author":"Morii","year":"2016","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab07c5","volume":"241","author":"Moriya","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-018-0493-6","volume":"214","author":"Moriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/793\/1\/16","volume":"793","author":"Mosher","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118002","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/ab1609","volume":"131","author":"Muthukrishna","year":"2019","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab48f4","volume":"885","author":"Muthukrishna","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aab781","volume":"236","author":"Narayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1086\/133562","volume":"107","author":"Oke","year":"1995","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/sty3301","volume":"483","author":"Papadogiannakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A26","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833617","volume":"621","author":"Pasquet","year":"2019","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1086\/307221","volume":"517","author":"Perlmutter","year":"1999","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx2052","volume":"472","author":"Petrillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1086\/518372","volume":"119","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10095","volume":"474","author":"Quimby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L99","DOI":"10.1086\/522862","volume":"668","author":"Quimby","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/200913038","volume":"508","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1086\/300499","volume":"116","author":"Riess","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/813\/2\/137","volume":"813","author":"Rubin","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/738\/2\/162","volume":"738","author":"Sako","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/690\/2\/1250","volume":"690","author":"Salvato","year":"2009","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0478-0","volume":"3","author":"Salvato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Astron."},{"year":"2020","author":"S\u00e1nchez-\u00e1ez","key":"2023122108224297800_bib10d"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib85a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1117\/12.550871","author":"Saunders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE, 5492, Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L35","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8205\/822\/2\/L35","volume":"822","author":"Scolnic","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/795\/1\/45","volume":"795","author":"Scolnic","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aab9bb","volume":"859","author":"Scolnic","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/516585","volume":"172","author":"Scoville","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz3100","volume":"491","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/220\/1\/12","volume":"220","author":"Silverman","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib91","first-page":"1929","volume":"15","author":"Srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"year":"2015","author":"Srivastava","key":"2023122108224297800_bib92"},{"year":"2015","author":"Srivastava","key":"2023122108224297800_bib93"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/813\/2\/93","volume":"813","author":"Strolger","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib94a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab7ccc","volume":"894","author":"Tampo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psx077","volume":"70","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"year":"2018","author":"The PLAsTiCC team","key":"2023122108224297800_bib96"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1086\/375701","volume":"592","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/193\/1\/20","volume":"193","author":"Tominaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/277.3.945","volume":"277","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"year":"2020","author":"Villar","key":"2023122108224297800_bib10e"},{"key":"2023122108224297800_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psz050","volume":"71","author":"Yasuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"year":"2017","author":"Zhang","key":"2023122108224297800_bib101"}],"container-title":["Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pasj\/article-pdf\/72\/5\/89\/54665386\/pasj_72_5_89.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pasj\/article-pdf\/72\/5\/89\/54665386\/pasj_72_5_89.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T10:26:51Z","timestamp":1703154411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pasj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/pasj\/psaa082\/5901421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pasj\/psaa082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-6264","2053-051X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-6264"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-051X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"article-number":"89"}}