{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:19:19Z","timestamp":1771049959152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004435","name":"Association for International Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004435","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009478","name":"Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The degree to which cell membranes are barriers to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport remains controversial. Proteins, such as aquaporins and Rh complex, have been proposed to facilitate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport, implying that the nonchannel component of membranes must have greatly reduced CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    permeability. To determine whether membrane CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    permeation is rate limiting for gas transport, the spread of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    across multicellular tissue growths (spheroids) was measured using intracellular pH as a spatial readout. Colorectal HCT116 cells have basal water and NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    permeability, indicating the functional absence of aquaporins and gas channels. However, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    diffusivity in HCT116 spheroids was only 24 \u00b1 4% lower than in pure water, which can be accounted for fully by volume exclusion due to proteins. Diffusivity was unaffected by blockers of aquaporins and Rh complex (Hg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , p\u2010chloromercuribenzoic acid, and 4,4\u2032\u2010diisothiocyano\u20102,2\u2032\u2010stilbene\u2010disulfonic acid) but decreased under hypertonic conditions (by addition of 300 mOsm mannitol), which increases intracellular protein crowding. Similar CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    diffusivity was measured in spheroids of T47D breast cells (basal water permeability) and NHDF\u2010Ad fibroblasts (aquaporin\u2010facilitated water permeability). In contrast, diffusivity of NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , a smaller but less lipophilic gas, was considerably slower than in pure water, as expected from rate\u2010limiting membrane permeation. In conclusion, membranes, even in the functional absence of proposed gas channels, do not restrict CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    venting from tissue growths.\u2014Hulikova, A., Swietach, P. Rapid CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    permeation across biological membranes: implications for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    venting from tissue.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 28, 2762\u20132774 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-241752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T21:59:25Z","timestamp":1395352765000},"page":"2762-2774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Rapid CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    permeation across biological membranes: implications for CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    venting from tissue"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alzbeta","family":"Hulikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Swietach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.2.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.1.1.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.006478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801330200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200900270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.024398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(80)90122-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902952106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.69.6.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800096200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2010.055244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368332a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.085761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-209916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9097com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3300com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.2.C543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813231106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201100034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809606106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-007-9064-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.219899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.4.H1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00033.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.3.1309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5055.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-013-9593-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78862-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.196400011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500005060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.096560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-005-1399-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"3487","article-title":"Interstitial transport of rabbit and sheep antibodies in normal and neoplastic tissues","volume":"50","author":"Clauss M. 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