{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:15:07Z","timestamp":1776312907836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Czech Republic"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010248","name":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King's College London"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Michael J Fox Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder (FND), to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted to identify existing FND-specific outcome measures and the most common measurement domains and measures in previous treatment studies. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were conducted between January 1965 and June 2019. The findings were discussed during two international meetings of the FND-Core Outcome Measures group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five FND-specific measures were identified\u2014three clinician-rated and two patient-rated\u2014but their measurement properties have not been rigorously evaluated. No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults. Across randomised controlled trials (k=40) and observational treatment studies (k=40), outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change. Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms, life impact (ie, quality of life, disability and general functioning) and health economics\/cost\u2013utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are few well-validated FND-specific outcome measures. Thus, at present, we recommend that existing outcome measures, known to be reliable, valid and responsive in FND or closely related populations, are used to capture key outcome domains. Increased consistency in outcome measurement will facilitate comparison of treatment effects across FND symptom types and treatment modalities. Future work needs to more rigorously validate outcome measures used in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T18:25:11Z","timestamp":1582914311000},"page":"638-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"91","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02801136","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02311829","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03329703","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn51225587","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01352910","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02589886","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02764476","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susannah","family":"Pick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David G","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2598-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A","family":"Asadi-Pooya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7877-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Aybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gaston","family":"Baslet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastiaan R","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Bradley-Westguard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7425-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan J","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trudie","family":"Chalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Damianova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony S","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven A","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto J","family":"Espay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9109-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Garcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura H","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4129-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen M","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0992-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanne C","family":"Keynejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasia","family":"Kozlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5416-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"LaFaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W Curt","family":"LaFrance, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony E","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2780-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Lehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0147-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lidstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine W","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget","family":"Mildon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7706-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-6820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6053-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stoyan","family":"Popkirov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4104-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Reuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2667-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen S","family":"Rommelfanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3294-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Schwingenshuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Serranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Shotbolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn T","family":"Stebbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9829-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina AJ","family":"Tijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Tinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). 5th edn. Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1264","article-title":"Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of functional neurological disorders","volume":"75","author":"Espay","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801772-2.00005-9","article-title":"Epidemiology","volume":"139","author":"Carson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.02.013","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders","volume":"127","author":"Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholson TR , Carson A , Edwards MJ , et al . Outcome measures for functional neurological disorder: a review of the theoretical complexities. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci:appi.neuropsych.doi:10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19060128","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19060128"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.06.008","article-title":"Distinguishing psychogenic and essential tremor","volume":"263","author":"Kenney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.09.003","article-title":"Hoover's sign for the diagnosis of functional weakness: a prospective unblinded cohort study in patients with suspected stroke","volume":"71","author":"McWhirter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.02.002","article-title":"Provocative techniques should be used for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"15","author":"Benbadis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr292","article-title":"Believing is perceiving: mismatch between self-report and actigraphy in psychogenic tremor","volume":"135","author":"Parees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8915-7","article-title":"Fatigue, not self-rated motor symptom severity, affects quality of life in functional motor disorders","volume":"265","author":"Gelauff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.001","article-title":"The impact of non-motor symptoms on the health-related quality of life in patients with functional movement disorders","volume":"115","author":"V\u011bchetov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.903","article-title":"Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity","volume":"62","author":"Barsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0845-0","article-title":"Somatization increases disability independent of comorbidity","volume":"24","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.11.015","article-title":"Factors involved in the long-term prognosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"62","author":"Bodde","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305321","article-title":"The prognosis of functional (psychogenic) motor symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Gelauff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716003093","article-title":"Dissociation in patients with dissociative seizures: relationships with trauma and seizure symptoms","volume":"47","author":"Pick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.3000","article-title":"Outcome in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: 1 to 10-year follow-up in 164 patients","volume":"53","author":"Reuber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b04c83","article-title":"Depression and symptoms affect quality of life in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"73","author":"LaFrance","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.09.029","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and health-related quality of life: the relationship with psychological distress and other physical symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Lawton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.20","first-page":"169","article-title":"Psychiatric outcome in patients with a psychogenic movement disorder: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Feinstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.035","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"68","author":"Rawlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465817000807","article-title":"Changes in emotion processing following brief augmented Psychodynamic interpersonal therapy for functional neurological symptoms","volume":"46","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319201","article-title":"Emotional processing in functional neurological disorder: a review, biopsychosocial model and research agenda","volume":"90","author":"Pick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00280.x","article-title":"Measuring outcome in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: how relevant is seizure remission?","volume":"46","author":"Reuber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13268","article-title":"Correlates of health-related quality of life in adults with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-132","article-title":"Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: issues to consider","volume":"13","author":"Williamson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","article-title":"Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer","volume":"6","author":"Boateng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3","article-title":"COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Prinsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1555-2","article-title":"How to select outcome measurement instruments for outcomes included in a \u201cCore Outcome Set\u201d \u2013 a practical guideline","volume":"17","author":"Prinsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4","article-title":"COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Mokkink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20650","article-title":"Rating scale for psychogenic movement disorders: scale development and Clinimetric testing","volume":"20","author":"Hinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12475","article-title":"A simplified version of the psychogenic movement disorders rating scale: the simplified functional movement disorders rating scale (S-FMDRS)","volume":"4","author":"Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.03.025","article-title":"Rating scale for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: scale development and Clinimetric testing","volume":"21","author":"Cianci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.35","first-page":"44","article-title":"Development of conversion disorder scale for children","volume":"24","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Behav Sci"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.36","first-page":"725","article-title":"Psychometric properties of conversion disorder Scale- revised (CdS) for children","volume":"67","author":"Ijaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8","article-title":"The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study","volume":"19","author":"Mokkink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.4.581","article-title":"Paradoxical therapy in conversion reaction","volume":"18","author":"Ataoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.10.026","article-title":"A standardized diagnostic approach and ongoing feedback improves outcome in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"54","author":"Drane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e39658","article-title":"Cognitive-Behavioral therapy for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a pilot RCT","volume":"74","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0350-0","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy vs standardised medical care for adults with dissociative non-epileptic seizures (codes): a multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"15","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f4d5a9","article-title":"Pilot pharmacologic randomized controlled trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"75","author":"LaFrance","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.43","first-page":"359","article-title":"Behavior therapy in dissociative convulsions disorder","volume":"16","author":"Khattak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02696.x","article-title":"An exploratory randomized controlled trial of immediate versus delayed withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEAs)","volume":"51","author":"Oto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12481","article-title":"Brief group psychoeducation for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a neurologist-initiated program in an epilepsy center","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.46","unstructured":"Guy W . US dept health, education and welfare publication (ADM) 76-338. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, 1976: 218\u201322."},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008","article-title":"The PHQ-15: validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.48","unstructured":"Derogatis LR . SCL-90-R: symptom Checklist-90-R: administration, scoring, and procedures manual. NCS Pearson 1996."},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck AT , Steer RA , Brown GK . . Beck depression inventory-II. Pearson 1996.","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale","volume":"174","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-Item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware Jr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The mos 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01278.x","article-title":"Development and cross-cultural translations of a 31-Item quality of life in epilepsy inventory","volume":"39","author":"Cramer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00612.x","article-title":"A brief questionnaire to screen for quality of life in epilepsy the QOLIE-10","volume":"37","author":"Cramer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The work and social adjustment scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024111108100765000_91.6.638.60","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T16:12:43Z","timestamp":1731341563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322180","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]}}}