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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are part of the tumour stroma and may have conflicting effects on tumour growth. In this study we investigated the effect of Wharton\u2019s Jelly\u2010derived MSCs (WJ\u2010MSCs) and a fibroblast\u2010derived ECM (fd\u2010ECM) on esophageal (WHCO1) and breast (MDA MB 231) cancer cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Both WJ\u2010MSCs and the fd\u2010ECM, alone or in combination, downregulate PCNA, cyclin D1, Bcl\u20102, Bcl\u2010xL, and MMPs and upregulate p53 and p21. p21 induction resulted in G2 phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Our data suggest that p21 induction is via p53\u2010dependent and p53\u2010independent mechanisms in WHCO1 and MDA MB 231 cells, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor, Akt, and Nodal pathways were downregulated in cancer cells cocultured with WJ\u2010MSCs. We also demonstrate that WJ\u2010MSCs effects on cancer cells appear to be short\u2010lived whilst the fd\u2010ECM effect is long\u2010lived. This study shows the influence of tumour microenvironment on cancer cell behaviour and provides alternative therapeutic targets for potential regulation of tumour cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4842134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,10]],"date-time":"2016-01-10T21:02:07Z","timestamp":1452459727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Wharton\u2019s Jelly\u2010Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Fibroblast\u2010Derived Extracellular Matrix Synergistically Activate Apoptosis in a p21\u2010Dependent Mechanism in WHCO1 and MDA MB 231 Cancer Cells <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dzobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matjaz","family":"Vogelsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Thomford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Collet","family":"Dandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karlien","family":"Kallmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Pepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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