{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1774649671595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007510","name":"Oita University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. An alkalescent (pH 8.3) mineral water (AMW) of Hita basin, located in the northwestern part of Kyushu island in Japan, has been recognized for the unique quality of ingredients including highly concentrated silicic acid, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen carbonate. The biological effects of AMW intake were evaluated with a particular focus on its \u201cantiobesity\u201d properties through its modulation of the gut microbiota population. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Two groups of C57BL6\/J mice (8-week-old male) were maintained with a standard diet and tap water (control: TWC group) or AMW (AMW group) for 6 months and the following outputs were quantitated: (1) food and water intake, (2) body weight (weekly), (3) body fat measurements by CT scan (monthly), (4) sera biochemical values (TG, ALT, AST, and ALP), and (5) <jats:italic>UCP-1<\/jats:italic> mRNA in fat tissues (terminal point). Two groups of ICR mice (7-week-old male) were maintained with the same method and their feces were collected at the 0, 1st, 3rd, and 6th month at which time the population rates of gut microbiota were quantitated using metagenomic sequencing analysis of 16S-rRNA. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Among all antiobesity testing items, even though a weekly dietary consumption was increased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.012<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), both ratios of weight gain (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.21<\/mml:mn><mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and visceral fat accumulation (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.029<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) were significantly reduced in the AMW group. Other criteria including water intake (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.727<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), the amounts of total (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.1602<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and subcutaneous fat accumulation (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.052<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) were within the margin of error and <jats:italic>UCP-1<\/jats:italic> gene expression level (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.171<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) in the AMW group was 3.89-fold higher than that of TWC. Among 8 major gut bacteria families, Lactobacillaceae (increased, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.029<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and Clostridiaceae (decreased, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.029<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) showed significant shift in the whole population. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. We observed significantly reduced (1) weight gaining ratio (average \u22121.86%, up to \u22123.3%), (2) visceral fat accumulation ratio (average \u22124.30%, up to \u22129.1%), and (3) changes in gut microbiota population. All these consequences could support the \u201chealth benefit\u201d functionality of AMW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2710587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T18:30:42Z","timestamp":1574188242000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-Term Potable Effects of Alkalescent Mineral Water on Intestinal Microbiota Shift and Physical Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Yahiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tsurumi Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Ikebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Nichole","family":"Fife-Koshinomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Medicine Research Center, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362011, China"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hiratsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, 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