{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:55:48Z","timestamp":1772164548490,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005953","name":"KWF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UVA2011-4969 and UVA2014-7245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UVA2011-4969 and UVA2014-7245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005953","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007287","name":"Worldwide Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14-1164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-1164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008359","name":"Dutch Digestive Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MLDS-CDG 14-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MLDS-CDG 14-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERG-StG 638193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERG-StG 638193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"CRUK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C14303\/A17197 and A19274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14303\/A17197 and A19274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose: Recent transcriptomic analyses have identified four distinct molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer with evident clinical relevance. However, the requirement for sufficient quantities of bulk tumor and difficulties in obtaining high-quality genome-wide transcriptome data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue are obstacles toward widespread adoption of this taxonomy. Here, we develop an immunohistochemistry-based classifier to validate the prognostic and predictive value of molecular colorectal cancer subtyping in a multicenter study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays from 1,076 patients with colorectal cancer from four different cohorts were stained for five markers (CDX2, FRMD6, HTR2B, ZEB1, and KER) by immunohistochemistry and assessed for microsatellite instability. An automated classification system was trained on one cohort using quantitative image analysis or semiquantitative pathologist scoring of the cores as input and applied to three independent clinical cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: This classifier demonstrated 87% concordance with the gold-standard transcriptome-based classification. Application to three validation datasets confirmed the poor prognosis of the mesenchymal-like molecular colorectal cancer subtype. In addition, retrospective analysis demonstrated the benefit of adding cetuximab to bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic cancers of the canonical epithelial-like subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: This study shows that a practical and robust immunohistochemical assay can be employed to identify molecular colorectal cancer subtypes and uncover subtype-specific therapeutic benefit. Finally, the described tool is available online for rapid classification of colorectal cancer samples, both in the format of an automated image analysis pipeline to score tumor core staining, and as a classifier based on semiquantitative pathology scoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 387\u201398. \u00a92016 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-16-0680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T22:23:45Z","timestamp":1469571825000},"page":"387-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Practical and Robust Identification of Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer by Immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom."},{"name":"2Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts."}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Trumpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"De Sousa E Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands."},{"name":"5Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California."}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom."},{"name":"6Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong."}]},{"given":"Joan H.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Fessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Peter J.K.","family":"Kuppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Marlies S.","family":"Reimers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Marloes","family":"Swets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Iris D.","family":"Nagtegaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Marnix","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands."},{"name":"10Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom."}]},{"given":"Gerrit K.J.","family":"Hooijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands."}]},{"given":"George J.A.","family":"Offerhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Cancer Center UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 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