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Taxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adaptive pressures of human-induced rapid environmental changes and insular ecological conditions have led to behavioral innovations among behaviorally flexible nonhuman primates.\u00a0 Documenting long-term responses of threatened populations is vital for our understanding of species and location-specific adaptive capacities under fluctuating equilibrium.\u00a0 The Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque\u00a0 Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, an insular sub-species uses coconuts Cocos nucifera, an embedded cultivar as a food resource and is speculated to have enhanced its dependence as a result of anthropogenic and environmental alterations.\u00a0 We explored demographic patterns of use and abandonment of different phenophases of fresh coconuts.\u00a0 To study crop foraging strategies, we recorded daily entry and duration of forays into coconut plantations.\u00a0 We divided age-classes into early juvenile (13\u201336 months), late juvenile (37\u201372 months), and adults (&gt;72 months) and classified phenophase of coconuts into six types.\u00a0 Consistent with the theory of life history strategies, late juveniles were found to use a greater number of coconuts, which was considerably higher in an urban troop but marginally higher in a forest-plantation dwelling group.\u00a0 Except in late juveniles, males consumed a higher number of coconuts than females in the remaining age-classes.\u00a0 Owing to developmental constraints, juveniles of both types used higher proportion of immature coconuts though adults showed equitable distribution across phenophases.\u00a0 Pattern of entries to plantations and duration of forays were uniform through the day in the urban troop but modulatory in the forest-plantation group, perhaps due to frequent and hostile human interferences.\u00a0 Observations corroborating adaptations to anthropogenic disturbances are described.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11609\/jott.6510.12.11.16407-16423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T13:43:24Z","timestamp":1598449404000},"page":"16407-16423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of an embedded fruit by Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus: II. Demographic influences on choices of coconuts Cocos nucifera and pattern of forays to palm plantations"],"prefix":"10.11609","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayantan","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah C.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashvita","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurav","family":"Harikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1246-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubina","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mewa","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"4876","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"79988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, K. 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