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This paper studied an unprecedent real-world engineering problem to hill-start a long heavy haul train at a 1.2% up-hill gradient by using a 14400\u2009kW 24-axle AC electric locomotive (maximum traction force 2280\u2009kN). Longitudinal Train Dynamics simulation were conducted to assess five potential driving strategies in terms of train speed and in-train forces. The simulation results show that the locomotive can hill-start the heavy haul train with 80% traction throttle. However, maximum locomotive coupler forces (1840\u2009kN) exceeded coupler knuckle yield strength (1780\u2009kN) of the original coupler system design. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the implications of train starting resistance for train speeds and in-train forces. The study recommends increasing coupler knuckle yield strength to 2450\u2009kN. The increased knuckle yield strength is still lower than that of the chassis, which is able to meet system design requirement; it also enables the locomotive to hill-start by using traction throttles of 80, 90, and 100% with safety factors of 1.3, 1.2 and 1.1 respectively. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544097211008293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T03:56:46Z","timestamp":1617595006000},"page":"201-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hill-starting a heavy haul train with a 24-axle locomotive"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"236","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9407-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Railway Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia"}]},{"given":"Xiangjian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration, Zhuzhou, China"},{"name":"R&D Center, CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd, Zhuzhou, China"}]},{"given":"Xihong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration, Zhuzhou, China"},{"name":"R&D Center, CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd, Zhuzhou, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09544097211008293","unstructured":"National Railway Administration. Code for design of heavy haul railway, TB 10625-2017, 2017. [in Chinese]."},{"key":"bibr2-09544097211008293","first-page":"111","volume":"18","author":"Zhang F","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Manage Information"},{"key":"bibr3-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409711406352"},{"key":"bibr4-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409716671546"},{"key":"bibr5-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09544097JRRT374"},{"key":"bibr6-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409719861595"},{"key":"bibr7-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409718772133"},{"key":"bibr8-09544097211008293","unstructured":"Scown B, Roach D. Freight train driving strategies developed for undulating track through train dynamics research. In: Conference on Railway Engineering, Adelaide, Australia, 21\u201323 May 2000."},{"key":"bibr9-09544097211008293","unstructured":"Bowey B, Bartle P, Donnelly R, et\u00a0al. Managing in-train forces. In: the 7th international heavy haul conference, Brisbane, Australia, 10\u201314 June 2011."},{"key":"bibr10-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nahs.2020.100918"},{"key":"bibr11-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814018791016"},{"key":"bibr12-09544097211008293","first-page":"143","volume":"33","author":"Wei W","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vibr Shock"},{"key":"bibr13-09544097211008293","unstructured":"Cole C, Spiryagin M, Sun Y, et\u00a0al. A study of starting dynamics in heavy haul trains. In: The 23rd symposium on dynamics of vehicles on roads and tracks (IAVSD 2013), Qingdao, China, 19\u201323 August 2013."},{"volume-title":"Heavy-haul transportation technologies on Datong-Qinhuangdao railway","year":"2009","author":"Geng Z.","key":"bibr14-09544097211008293"},{"key":"bibr15-09544097211008293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2014.1002504"},{"key":"bibr16-09544097211008293","unstructured":"The 5AT Group. Steaming ahead with advanced technology. Locomotive and train resistance, http:\/\/5at.co.uk\/index.php\/definitions\/terrms-and-definitions\/resistance.html. 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