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Nearly no gonococcal AMR data are available from Central Asia, and no data from Kyrgyzstan has been published. We examined, for the first time, AMR and molecular epidemiology of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates cultured in Kyrgyzstan in 2012 and 2017, in order to inform refinements of the Kyrgyz national gonorrhoea management guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates cultured in 2012 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200984) and 2017 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200972) in Kyrgyzstan were examined. MICs of nine antimicrobials were determined using Etest and, where available, clinical breakpoints from the EUCAST were applied. <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was also performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall resistance levels were high to ciprofloxacin (88.5%), tetracycline (56.9%), benzylpenicillin (39.1%), and kanamycin (4.7%). Resistance to cefixime (0.6%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091 isolate), azithromycin (0.6%, n\u2009=\u20091), and gentamicin (0.6%, n\u2009=\u20091) was rare. No resistance to ceftriaxone or spectinomycin was found. However, the proportion of isolates with decreased susceptibility (MIC\u2009=\u20090.125\u2009mg\/L) to ceftriaxone and cefixime was 12.8 and 11.5%, respectively. Gonococcal isolates were assigned 69 sequence types, of which 52 (75.4%) were new.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The gonococcal population in Kyrgyzstan in 2012 and 2017 showed a high genetic diversity. Ceftriaxone, 500\u20131000\u2009mg, in combination with azithromycin 2\u2009g or doxycycline, particularly when chlamydial infection has not been excluded, should be recommended as empiric first-line treatment. Spectinomycin 2\u2009g could be an alternative treatment, and given with azithromycin 2\u2009g if pharyngeal gonorrhoea has not been excluded. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, benzylpenicillin, or tetracyclines should not be used for empiric treatment of gonorrhoea in Kyrgyzstan. Timely updating and high compliance to national gonorrhoea treatment guidelines based on quality-assured AMR data is imperative. Expanded and improved gonococcal AMR surveillance in Kyrgyzstan is crucial.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06262-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T04:02:46Z","timestamp":1623470566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, 2012 and 2017"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Saliya","family":"Karymbaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Boiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Mamaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ainagul","family":"Ibraeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dilara","family":"Usupova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Golparian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","volume":"97","author":"J Rowley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu- Raddad LJ, et al. 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Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The present study including its protocol was approved by the Expert Committee at the Republican Dermatovenerological Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (2011). The whole study including all its methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations at the Republican Dermatovenerological Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, which are all in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"559"}}