{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:30:12Z","timestamp":1752229812784,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005036","name":"Universitetet i Bergen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/3466-EVR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/3466-EVR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T02:56:38Z","timestamp":1522810598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral medicine acceptance in infants and toddlers: measurement properties of the caregiver-administered Children\u2019s acceptance tool (CareCAT)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joern","family":"Blume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Lorena","family":"Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thorkild","family":"Tyllesk\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liv Inger","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1080_CR1","unstructured":"EMA. Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for paediatric use. 2013. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2013\/07\/WC500147002.pdf Accessed 21 Apr 2017."},{"key":"1080_CR2","unstructured":"FDA. Pediatric Study Plans: Content of and process for submitting initial pediatric study plans and amended initial pediatric study plans. Guidance for industry. 2013. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/drugs\/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation\/guidances\/ucm360507.pdf . Accessed 25 Apr 2017."},{"key":"1080_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.154","volume":"94","author":"S Ranmal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ranmal S, Tuleu C. Demonstrating evidence of acceptability: the \u201cCatch-22\u201d of pediatric formulation development. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2013;94:582\u20134.","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"1080_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.03.057","volume":"469","author":"P Kozarewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kozarewicz P. Regulatory perspectives on acceptability testing of dosage forms in children. Int J Pharm. 2014;469:245\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1080_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00572770","volume":"141","author":"J Sjovall","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sjovall J, Fogh A, Huitfeldt B, Karlsson G, Nylen O. Methods for evaluating the taste of paediatric formulations in children: a comparison between the facial hedonic method and the patients' own spontaneous verbal judgement. Eur J Pediatr. 1984;141:243\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"1080_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170430065013","volume":"151","author":"D Matsui","year":"1997","unstructured":"Matsui D, Lim R, Tschen T, Rieder MJ. Assessment of the palatability of beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:599\u2013602.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"1080_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.014","volume":"163","author":"V Klingmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, Stoltenberg I, Fromke C, Bosse HM, Breitkreutz J, Meissner T. Favorable acceptance of mini-tablets compared with syrup: a randomized controlled trial in infants and preschool children. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1728\u201332. e1721","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1080_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.171967","volume":"95","author":"ES Orubu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orubu ES, Tuleu C. Medicines for children: flexible solid oral formulations. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95:238\u201340.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1080_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.04.004","volume":"16","author":"LS Matza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matza LS, Patrick DL, Riley AW, Alexander JJ, Rajmil L, Pleil AM, Bullinger M. Pediatric patient-reported outcome instruments for research to support medical product labeling: report of the ISPOR PRO good research practices for the assessment of children and adolescents task force. Value Health. 2013;16:461\u201379.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1080_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2004.71273.x","volume":"7","author":"LS Matza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matza LS, Swensen AR, Flood EM, Secnik K, Leidy NK. Assessment of health-related quality of life in children: a review of conceptual, methodological, and regulatory issues. Value Health. 2004;7:79\u201392.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1080_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00607970","volume":"30","author":"M Uhari","year":"1986","unstructured":"Uhari M, Eskelinen L, Jokisalo J. Acceptance of antibiotic mixtures by infants and children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;30:503\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.010","volume":"167","author":"V Klingmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klingmann V, Seitz A, Meissner T, Breitkreutz J, Moeltner A, Bosse HM. Acceptability of uncoated mini-tablets in neonates--a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2015;167:893\u20136. e892","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1080_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3054","volume":"21","author":"A Kekitiinwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kekitiinwa A, Musiime V, Thomason MJ, Mirembe G, et al. Acceptability of lopinavir\/r pellets (minitabs), tablets and syrups in HIV-infected children. Antivir Ther. 2016;21:579\u201385.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"1080_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303303","volume":"98","author":"DA van Riet-Nales","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Riet-Nales DA, de Neef BJ, Schobben AF, Ferreira JA, Egberts TC, Rademaker CM. Acceptability of different oral formulations in infants and preschool children. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98:725\u201331.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1080_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2011.02.010","volume":"18","author":"A Wollner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wollner A, Lecuyer A, De La Rocque F, Sedletzki G, et al. Acceptability, compliance and schedule of administration of oral antibiotics in outpatient children. Arch Pediatr. 2011;18:611\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"1080_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.11.018","volume":"30","author":"JA Mennella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK. Optimizing oral medications for children. Clin Ther. 2008;30:2120\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"1080_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9511-5","volume":"15","author":"A Zajicek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zajicek A, Fossler MJ, Barrett JS, Worthington JH, et al. A report from the pediatric formulations task force: perspectives on the state of child-friendly oral dosage forms. AAPS J. 2013;15:1072\u201381.","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"1080_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.01.016","volume":"48","author":"J Kottner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kottner J, Audige L, Brorson S, Donner A, Gajewski BJ, Hrobjartsson A, Roberts C, Shoukri M, Streiner DL. Guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were proposed. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48:661\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"1080_CR19","unstructured":"De Vet HC, Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL: Reliability: sample size for reliability studies. In: Measurement in medicine: a practical guide. 1st edn.: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.; 2011: 126\u2013128."},{"key":"1080_CR20","first-page":"578","volume":"40","author":"J Marshall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marshall J, Rodarte A, Blumer J, Khoo KC, Akbari B, Kearns G. Pediatric pharmacodynamics of midazolam oral syrup. Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit Network J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;40:578\u201389.","journal-title":"Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit Network J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:37\u201346.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1080_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.161","volume":"126","author":"M Maclure","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maclure M, Willett WC. Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:161\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1080_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1185\/146300907X178941","volume":"8","author":"D Matsui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matsui D. Assessing palatability of medicines in children. Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy. 2007;8(2):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy"},{"key":"1080_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.07.054","volume":"514","author":"SR Ranmal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ranmal SR, Cram A, Tuleu C. Age-appropriate and acceptable paediatric dosage forms: insights into end-user perceptions, preferences and practices from the Children's acceptability of oral formulations (CALF) study. Int J Pharm. 2016;514:296\u2013307.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1080_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.2.271","volume":"93","author":"SA Sullivan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sullivan SA, Birch LL. Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics. 1994;93:271\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1080_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-61","volume":"13","author":"N Wongpakaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Wedding D, Gwet KL. A comparison of Cohen's kappa and Gwet's AC1 when calculating inter-rater reliability coefficients: a study conducted with personality disorder samples. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:61.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1080_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0857-0","volume":"168","author":"R Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen R, de La Rocque F, Lecuyer A, Wollner C, Bodin MJ, Wollner A. Study of the acceptability of antibiotic syrups, suspensions, and oral solutions prescribed to pediatric outpatients. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:851\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"1080_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12547","volume":"69","author":"F Ruiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruiz F, Vallet T, Pens\u00e9-Lh\u00e9ritier AM, Aoussat A. Standardized method to assess medicines\u2019 acceptability: focus on paediatric population. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;69:406\u201316.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.06.047","volume":"491","author":"DA van Riet-Nales","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Riet-Nales DA, Ferreira JA, Schobben AF, de Neef BJ, Egberts TC, Rademaker CM. Methods of administering oral formulations and child acceptability. Int J Pharm. 2015;491:261\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1080_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199910000-00024","volume":"15","author":"D Pronchik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pronchik D, Kasper L, Chambers J. Can parents predict a child's taste in antibiotics? Pediatr Emerg Care. 1999;15:371.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"1080_CR32","first-page":"65132","volume":"235","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2009","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures\u2014use in medical product development to support labeling claims. Fed Regist. 2009;235:65132\u20133.","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"1080_CR33","unstructured":"Peryam DR, Pilgrim FJ: Hedonic scale method of measuring food preferences. Food Technology 1957, 11, Suppl.:9\u201314."},{"key":"1080_CR34","unstructured":"ASTM International. E2299\u201313 Standard guide for sensory evaluation of products by children. 2013. http:\/\/documents.mx\/documents\/astm-e2299-11-standard-guide-for-sensory-evaluation-of-products-by-children.html . Accessed 17 February 2017."},{"key":"1080_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"LT Fadnes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fadnes LT, Taube A, Tylleskar T. How to identify information bias due to self-reporting in epidemiological research. Internet J Epidemiol. 2009;7:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Internet J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1080_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.10.52","volume":"10","author":"KB Bevans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bevans KB, Riley AW, Moon J, Forrest CB. Conceptual and methodological advances in child-reported outcomes measurement. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2010;10:385\u201396.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"1080_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199408000-00002","volume":"13","author":"R Dagan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dagan R, Shvartzman P, Liss Z. Variation in acceptance of common oral antibiotic suspensions. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:686\u201390.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T23:36:32Z","timestamp":1660779392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1080-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2431"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the University of Western Cape\u2019s Faculty Research Committee (Ethics Reference Number HS\/16\/02\/01), Bellville, Cape Town and City Health Department, City of Cape Town (ID No 10562), South Africa. Participants gave written consent for their participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"117"}}