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Informed voluntary written consent was obtained from both adolescents and caregivers (when adolescents were\u2009<\u200918\u2009years old). Adolescents could withdraw from the research at any time. Linkages to healthcare and psychosocial services were provided for adolescents reporting any severe risk of harm, including defaulting from ART, symptomatic untreated TB, mental health issues such as suicidality or severe depression, and need to access special schools due to cognitive issues of the comparison group. All adolescents received a participation certificate and small pack of snacks and toiletries, regardless of whether they consented or completed their interviews.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, as this manuscript only uses quantitative data from surveys which use unique identifiers and not names nor contact information.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Study sponsors were not involved in study design, data collection, analyses nor interpretation, the writing of this manuscript, nor the decision to submission of this manuscript. Authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"272"}}