{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:06:17Z","timestamp":1775253977495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006673","name":"Fonds L\u00e9on Fredericq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Late presentation for HIV care is a well-described issue for the success of ART outcomes and the cause of higher morbidity, mortality and further transmission. Monitoring the level of late presentation and understanding the factors associated with it would help to tailor screening and information strategies for better efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study in Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC. The studied population included HIV-positive adults newly enrolled in HIV care between January 2006 and June 2020 at 25 HIV urban care facilities. Patient information collected at presentation for HIV care included age, sex, WHO clinical stage and screening context. We used 2 definitions of late presentation: the WHO definition of advanced HIV disease (WHO stage 3\/4 or CD4 cell count &lt;\u00a0200 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and a more inclusive definition (WHO stage 3\/4 or CD4 cell count &lt;\u00a0350 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 10,137 HIV-infected individuals were included in the analysis. The median age was 40 years; 68% were female. A total of 45.9% or 47.5% of the patients were late presenters, depending on the definition used. The percentage of patients with late presentation (defined as WHO stage 3\/4 or CD4 cell count &lt;\u00a0350\u00a0cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) decreased during recent years, from 70.7% in 2013 to 46.5% in 2017 and 23.4% in 2020. Age was associated with a significantly higher risk of LP (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). We did not observe any impact of sex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The frequency of late presentation for care is decreasing in Kinshasa, DRC. Efforts have to be continued. In particular, the issue of late diagnosis in older individuals should be addressed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00366-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T07:03:41Z","timestamp":1626419021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decrease in late presentation for HIV care in Kinshasa, DRC, 2006\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nadine Mayasi","family":"Ngongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hippolyte Situakibanza","family":"Nani-Tuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcel Mbula","family":"Mambimbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Murielle Longokolo","family":"Mashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ben Bepouka","family":"Izizag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faustin Kitetele","family":"Ndolumingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Moutschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Darcis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"366_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30418-0","volume":"393","author":"AJ Rodger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodger AJ, et al. 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No informed consent was required for this retrospective analysis, according to The Ethical Committee of the School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}