{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:05:10Z","timestamp":1770451510760,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":154,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011946","name":"Abbott Diabetes Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Acelity"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004719","name":"LifeScan, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Solutions Companies"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017012","name":"Roche Diabetes Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"US Healthcare Supply LLC"},{"name":"US MED"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Use of glucose monitoring is essential to the safety of individuals with insulin-treated diabetes. In 2011, the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Medicare Competitive Bidding Program (CBP) in nine test markets. This resulted in a substantial disruption of beneficiary access to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) supplies and significant increases in the percentage of beneficiaries with either reduced or no acquisition of supplies. These reductions were significantly associated with increased mortality, hospitalizations, and costs. The CBP was implemented nationally in July 2013. We evaluated the impact of this rollout to determine if the adverse outcomes seen in 2011 persisted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This longitudinal study followed 529,627 insulin-treated beneficiaries from 2009 through 2013 to assess changes in beneficiary acquisition of testing supplies in the initial nine test markets (TEST, n = 43,939) and beneficiaries not affected by the 2011 rollout (NONTEST, n = 485,688). All Medicare beneficiary records for analysis were obtained from CMS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The percentages of beneficiaries with partial\/no SMBG acquisition were significantly higher in both the TEST (37.4%) and NONTEST (37.6%) groups after the first 6 months of the national CBP rollout, showing increases of 48.1% and 60.0%, respectively (both P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The percentage of beneficiaries with no record for SMBG acquisition increased from 54.1% in January 2013 to 62.5% by December 2013.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disruption of beneficiary access to their prescribed SMBG supplies has persisted and worsened. Diabetes testing supplies should be excluded from the CBP until transparent, science-based methodologies for safety monitoring are adopted and implemented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,18]],"date-time":"2017-11-18T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1510968018000},"page":"949-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of the 2013 National Rollout of CMS Competitive Bidding Program: The Disruption Continues"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Puckrein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Minority Quality Forum, Washington, DC"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irl B.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6838-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CGParkin Communications, Boulder City, NV"}]},{"given":"Bruce T.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blackbriar LLC, Indianapolis, IN"}]},{"given":"Liou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Minority Quality Forum, Washington, DC"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031301200815200_B1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142017","volume":"40","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.3.403","article-title":"Counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia in the elderly patient with diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Meneilly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00405.x","article-title":"Diabetes in the elderly","volume":"12","author":"Meneilly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1589","article-title":"Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry","volume":"98","author":"Weinstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1426","article-title":"Risk factors associated with severe hypoglycemia in older adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Weinstock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B6","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Competitive bidding update\u2014one year implementation update [Internet], 17 April 2012. Available from http:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment\/DMEPOSCompetitiveBid\/Downloads\/Competitive-Bidding-Update-One-Year-Implementation.pdf. Accessed 1 August 2014"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1264","article-title":"Impact of CMS Competitive Bidding Program on Medicare beneficiary safety and access to diabetes testing supplies: a retrospective, longitudinal analysis","volume":"39","author":"Puckrein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B8","unstructured":"United States Government Accountability Office (GAO). CMS\u2019s round 2 durable medical equipment and national mail-order diabetes testing supplies Competitive Bidding Programs. Report to Congressional requesters [Internet], September 2016. http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/680\/679771.pdf. Accessed 6 March 2017"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B9","unstructured":"Leslie RS. Using arrays to calculate medication utilization (paper 043) [Internet], 2007. Available from http:\/\/www2.sas.com\/proceedings\/forum2007\/043-2007.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2015"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B10","unstructured":"American Association of Diabetes Educators. Competitive Bidding Program for mail-order diabetes testing supplies: product availability survey [Internet], 2017. Available from https:\/\/www.diabeteseducator.org\/docs\/default-source\/advocacy\/aade-study-on-suppliers-in-competitive-bidding-program_2016-(002).pdf?sfvrsn=2. Accessed 10 April 2017"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400309","article-title":"Impact of blood glucose self-monitoring errors on glucose variability, risk for hypoglycemia, and average glucose control in type 1 diabetes: an in silico study","volume":"4","author":"Breton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700117","article-title":"Performance variability of seven commonly used self-monitoring of blood glucose systems: clinical considerations for patients and providers","volume":"7","author":"Brazg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600511","article-title":"Lot-to-lot variability of test strips and accuracy assessment of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose according to ISO 15197","volume":"6","author":"Baumstark","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600510","article-title":"System accuracy evaluation of 43 blood glucose monitoring systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose according to DIN EN ISO 15197","volume":"6","author":"Freckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0128","article-title":"System accuracy evaluation of 27 blood glucose monitoring systems according to DIN EN ISO 15197","volume":"12","author":"Freckmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B16","unstructured":"Klonoff DC, Parkes JL, Kovatchev BP, et al.; Diabetes Technology Society. Blood glucose monitoring system surveillance program [Internet]. Available from https:\/\/www.diabetestechnology.org\/surveillance.shtml. Accessed 20 July 2017"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B17","unstructured":"Office of the Inspector General. Medicare market shares of mail-order diabetes test strips from October through December 2016 [Internet]. Available from https:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/oei\/reports\/oei-04-16-00473.pdf. Accessed 20 August 2017"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B18","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CMS rulings. Ruling No.: [CMS-1682-R], 12 January 2017 [Internet]. Available from https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Regulations-and-Guidance\/Guidance\/Rulings\/Downloads\/CMS1682R.pdf. Accessed 6 March 2017"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700432","article-title":"Do currently available blood glucose monitors meet regulatory standards? 1-day public meeting in Arlington, Virginia","volume":"7","author":"Klonoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2022031301200815200_B20","unstructured":"National Minority Quality Forum (NMQF). Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Competitive Bidding Program. Assessment of impact on beneficiary acquisition of diabetes-testing supplies and durable medical equipment prosthetics orthotics and supplies\u2013associated health outcomes [Internet]. Available from http:\/\/www.nmqf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/National-Minority-Quality-Forum-Report-on-CMS-Competitive-Bidding-Program.pdf. 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