{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:06:48Z","timestamp":1790982408861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pedicled flaps based on the posterior auricular artery have been used for small auricular and mastoid cavity defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To precisely define the vascular anatomy and angiosome (cutaneous distribution) of the posterior auricular artery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A fresh cadaver model was used for 3 separate investigations, studying the posterior auricular artery. Intra-arterial ink injections defined the angiosome, and subtraction angiography and latex injection defined the vascular anatomy in relation to bony and soft tissue landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight fresh cadavers, 6 men and 2 women, were used, varying in age from 58 to 85 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The posterior auricular artery has a predictable course in the posterior auricular sulcus. The branching pattern over the auricle and temporal bone and the artery's relationship to bony and soft tissue landmarks were consistent. The angiosome includes the anterior and posterior surfaces of the auricle and the periauricular skin superiorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The investigation documented the consistent vascular anatomy and angiosome of the posterior auricular artery. The cutaneous distribution suggests that a large pedicled or island flap based on the posterior auricular artery may be raised safely as a myocutaneous or myofasciocutaneous flap with temporalis fascia and\/or periosteum, extending previously published dimensions. Further studies may extend the clinical application to include free flaps based on the posterior auricular artery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T23:33:13Z","timestamp":1078183993000},"page":"101-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Vascular Anatomy and Angiosome of the Posterior Auricular Artery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Brian J.","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Portsmouth, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryann P.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Portsmouth, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Karakla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Portsmouth, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198205000-00027","article-title":"Postauricular muscle-skin flap for conchal defects","volume":"92","author":"Koopman CD","year":"1982","unstructured":"Koopman CD, , Coulthard SW. Postauricular muscle-skin flap for conchal defects. Laryngoscope. 1982; 92:596-598.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100215"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199009000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199406000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100137831","article-title":"The Singapore swing","volume":"111","author":"Gibb AG","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibb AG, , Tan KT, , Sim RST. The Singapore swing. J Laryngol Otol. 1997; 111:527-530.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199204000-00001","article-title":"Arterial anatomy of the face: an analysis of vascular territories and perforating cutaneous vesels","volume":"89","author":"Whetzel TP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whetzel TP, , Mathes SJ. Arterial anatomy of the face: an analysis of vascular territories and perforating cutaneous vesels. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992; 89:591-605.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199310000-00002","article-title":"Microvascular of nose and ear defects using composite auricular free flaps","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka Y","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, , Tajima S, , Tsujiguchi K, , Fukae E, , Ohmiya Y. Microvascular of nose and ear defects using composite auricular free flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 31:298-302.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199310000-00001","article-title":"Nasal reconstruction with auricular microvascular transplant","volume":"31","author":"Pribaz JJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pribaz JJ, , Falco N. Nasal reconstruction with auricular microvascular transplant. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 31:289-297.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(97)91365-5","article-title":"Colour Doppler flow imaging of postauricular arteries and veins","volume":"50","author":"Kobayashi S","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kobayashi S, , Nagase T, , Ohmori K. Colour Doppler flow imaging of postauricular arteries and veins. Br J Plast Surg. 1997; 50:172-175.","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:26:15Z","timestamp":1774430775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101"}},"subtitle":["A Cadaver Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfaci.1.2.101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-2491","1538-3660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-2491","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-3660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]}}}