{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:37:56Z","timestamp":1777873076862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loss of brow elevation in the early postoperative period has been well documented; however, there has been no study quantifying the minimum time necessary to achieve lasting brow elevation. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that complete readherence of periosteum to bone can take 12 weeks to occur after periosteal elevation. The correlation between adherence and the development of strength has never been examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To correlate histological characteristics of raised forehead periosteum with the strength of the periosteum-bone union postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rabbit foreheads were elevated in a subperiosteal plane and the flap reapproximated with chromic sutures. Animals were killed at 14, 28, 45, 63, or 84 days postoperatively, and all tissue superficial to the periosteum removed. The tension required to avulse sections of periosteum was then measured. Skulls were then sectioned and prepared for histological analysis of remaining periosteum. Avulsion forces and histological findings were compared with those unoperated-on controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The forces necessary to avulse periosteum in the 14- and 28-day groups were significantly lower than for control animals; values at 45, 63, and 84 days were not significantly different from control animals. Healing periosteum displayed varying degrees of thickness, cellularity, edema, and vascular congestion. These features peaked at 28 days postoperatively then gradually resolved to near-control values by 84 days. Significant periosteal-to-bone contact did not appear until 45 days postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results promote the use of methods of brow fixation that support mobilized soft tissues for a minimum of 6 weeks, until the elevated periosteum has significantly readhered to the underlying bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T19:30:17Z","timestamp":1267471817000},"page":"63-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Strength and Histological Characteristics of Periosteal Fixation to Bone After Elevation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Sclafani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Sclafani and Romo), Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery (Drs Sclafani, Fozo, and Romo) and Pathology, The New York Eye &amp; Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr McCormick), and the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla (Drs Sclafani and Romo)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Fozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Sclafani and Romo), Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery (Drs Sclafani, Fozo, and Romo) and Pathology, The New York Eye &amp; Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr McCormick), and the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla (Drs Sclafani and Romo)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Thomas","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Sclafani and Romo), Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery (Drs Sclafani, Fozo, and Romo) and Pathology, The New York Eye &amp; Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr McCormick), and the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla (Drs Sclafani and Romo)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Sclafani and Romo), Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery (Drs Sclafani, Fozo, and Romo) and Pathology, The New York Eye &amp; Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr McCormick), and the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla (Drs Sclafani and Romo)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200003000-00042","article-title":"Endoscopic foreheadplasty: a histologic comparison of periosteal refixation after endoscopic versus bicoronal lift","volume":"105","author":"Romo T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Romo T, , Sclafani AP, , Yung RT, , McCormick SA. Endoscopic foreheadplasty: a histologic comparison of periosteal refixation after endoscopic versus bicoronal lift. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000; 105:1111-1117.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199906000-00010","article-title":"Modifications in endoscopic facelifts","volume":"42","author":"Celik M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Celik M, , Tuncer S, , Buyukcayir I. Modifications in endoscopic facelifts. Ann Plast Surg. 1999; 42:638-643.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570355","article-title":"The forehead lift: techniques to avoid complications and produce optimal results","volume":"13","author":"Connell BF","year":"1989","unstructured":"Connell BF, , Lambros VS, , Neurohr GH. The forehead lift: techniques to avoid complications and produce optimal results. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1989; 13:217-237.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199807000-00041","article-title":"Resorbable screw fixation technique for endoscopic brow and midfacial lifts","volume":"102","author":"Eppley BL","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eppley BL, , Coleman III JJ, , Sood R, , Ha RY, , Sadove AM. Resorbable screw fixation technique for endoscopic brow and midfacial lifts. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 102:241-243.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00449249","article-title":"Facial rejuvenation: a combined conventional and endoscopic assisted lift","volume":"20","author":"Del la Fuente A","year":"1996","unstructured":"Del la Fuente A, , Santamaria AB. Facial rejuvenation: a combined conventional and endoscopic assisted lift. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1996; 20:471-475.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199711000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s002669900307","article-title":"Endoscopic foreheadplasty: temporary vs permanent fixation","volume":"23","author":"Romo T","year":"1999","unstructured":"Romo T, , Sclafani AP, , Yung RT. Endoscopic foreheadplasty: temporary vs permanent fixation. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1999; 23:388-394.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery","author":"Keller GS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keller GS, , Hutcherson R. Endoscopy-assisted small-incision forehead and brow lift. In: Putterman AM, ed. Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1999:309-322."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90232-X"}],"container-title":["Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:49:35Z","timestamp":1777571375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfaci.5.1.63","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-2491","1538-3660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-2491","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-3660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}}}