{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:12:07Z","timestamp":1792059127649,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditionally, the asymmetrical brow in facial paralysis has been treated with open procedures. There are few data that support the use of endoscopic procedures to treat patients with facial palsy or paralysis. We sought to evaluate a single surgeon\u2019s experience with the use of endoscopic forehead-lifts to treat asymmetrical brow positioning resulting from facial nerve disorders. All cases involving patients who underwent endoscopic brow-lifts by the senior author (Y.D.) from 1997 through 2003 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data were collected, and patient satisfaction was determined from postoperative interviews conducted at follow-up visits. Standard photographs were used to measure the degree of preoperative and postoperative brow asymmetry. A total of 31 cases were available for review. The average age of our patient population was 47 years (age range, 22-76 years), with a male-female ratio of almost 1.5:1. Twenty-three patients had a complete paralysis, and 8 patients had a palsy. The average preoperative difference in height at the desired apex of brow was 5.9 mm, with a range of 3.0 to 9.0 mm. The average postoperative difference (as measured at 12 months) in brow position was only 1.3 mm, with a range of 0 to 3 mm. Adjunctive periorbital procedures were performed in the majority of patients (90%) at the time of endoscopic brow-lifting. All patients felt that their brow position was much improved after surgery. No major complications were encountered. A single patient underwent a secondary open direct browpexy to optimize his result. Endoscopic brow-lifting may be associated with favorable outcomes in the majority of patients with facial nerve palsy or paralysis. Performing concurrent adjunctive periorbital procedures as deemed necessary to optimize lower eyelid position, eyelid closure, and upper eyelid symmetry appears to be safe and reliable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.7.1.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,17]],"date-time":"2005-01-17T16:17:47Z","timestamp":1105978667000},"page":"51-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Use of the Endoscopic Forehead-Lift to Improve Brow Position in Persistent Facial Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yadranko","family":"Ducic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas"},{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Tex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Adelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas"},{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Tex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Operative Gynecologic Endoscopy","author":"Semm K","year":"1989","unstructured":"Semm K. 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Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977; 60:161-171. 887657","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199612000-00003","article-title":"Endoscopic forehead-lift: an operative technique","volume":"98","author":"Daniel RK","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daniel RK, , Tirkanits B. Endoscopic forehead-lift: an operative technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 98:1148-1157. 8942900","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s002669900213","volume":"22","author":"Chasan PE","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chasan PE, , Kupfer DM, . Direct K-wire fixation technique during endoscopic brow lift. 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Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001; 108:1808-1810. 11711970","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000041618.23878.A4","article-title":"A new resorbable tack fixation technique for endoscopic brow lifts","volume":"111","author":"Landecker A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Landecker A, , Buck J, , Grotting J. A new resorbable tack fixation technique for endoscopic brow lifts. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 111:880-886. 12560717","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.5.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200107000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000060108.95154.EA","article-title":"Anthropometric measurements of the endoscopic brow lift in the treatment of facial paralysis","volume":"111","author":"Takushima A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takushima A, , Harii K, , Sugawara Y, , Asato H. Anthropometric measurements of the endoscopic brow lift in the treatment of facial paralysis. 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