{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:15:04Z","timestamp":1789211704966,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To objectively assess the results of rhinoplasty in feminizing the facial profiles of male-to-female transsexual patients undergoing gender reassignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve patients underwent nasal feminization as part of male-to-female gender reassignment. Global assessments of facial profile were performed, and nasofrontal, nasolabial, and supratip angles and the Goode ratio were objectively measured. Postoperative and long-term patient satisfaction was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The surgical procedures created more feminine nasal profiles in all patients. The mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD nasofrontal angle changed from 141.6\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0\u00b0 to 150.5\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.5\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The nasolabial angle changed from 107.4\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.3\u00b0 to 115.2\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.7\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and the supratip angle from 1.7\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.9\u00b0 to 12.8\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The Goode ratio did not change significantly, remaining on average around 1.64\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15. In 4 cases, spreader grafts were used to reconstruct the nasal valve, and no cases of valve insufficiency occurred.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhinoplasty is effective in achieving feminine facial profiles in patients undergoing male-to-female gender reassignment. This requires reducing the overall nasal size and changing nasal angles to those more reminiscent of the female form. Because of the extensive resections often required to modify the nasal form, it is important to pay particular attention to preserving function, which may require concomitant nasal valve reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,17]],"date-time":"2007-09-17T16:07:50Z","timestamp":1190045270000},"page":"318-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Role of Nasal Feminization Rhinoplasty in Male-to-Female Gender Reassignment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"S. A. Reza","family":"Nouraei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem","family":"Randhawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10638.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Suicide by a transsexual","volume":"13","author":"Levine SB","year":"1984","unstructured":"Levine SB. Suicide by a transsexual. Arch Sex Behav. 1984; 13(3):287-289. 6466091","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"292","article-title":"Self-performed bilateral orchiectomy in transsexuals","volume":"43","author":"Krieger MJ","year":"1982","unstructured":"Krieger MJ, , McAninch JW, , Weimer SR. Self-performed bilateral orchiectomy in transsexuals. J Clin Psychiatry. 1982; 43(7):292-293. 7085590","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"Farkas L","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas L. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. Baltimore, MD: Raven Press; 1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199706000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(96)90111-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2004.07.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578340","article-title":"Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones","volume":"14","author":"Habal MB","year":"1990","unstructured":"Habal MB. Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1990; 14(2):143-150. 2333811","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199709000-00008"},{"issue":"1647","key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"477","article-title":"Disorders of gender identity","volume":"247","author":"Barrett J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barrett J. Disorders of gender identity. Practitioner. 2003; 247(1647):472, 477-482. 12822316","journal-title":"Practitioner"}],"container-title":["Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:25:56Z","timestamp":1774430756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfaci.9.5.318","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-2491","1538-3660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-2491","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-3660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]}}}