{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:21:05Z","timestamp":1778527265581,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]],"date-time":"2013-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":75,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789313000657_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid mental health surveillance during the acute phase of a disaster response can inform the allocation of limited clinical resources and provide essential household-level risk estimates for recovery planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789313000657_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the use of the PsySTART Rapid Mental Health Triage and Incident Management System for individual-level clinical triage and traumatic exposure assessment in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789313000657_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative review of mental health triage data collected with the PsySTART system from survivors of the September 2009 earthquake-tsunami in American Samoa. Data were obtained from two sources\u2014secondary triage of patients and a standardized community assessment survey\u2014and analyzed descriptively. The main outcome measures were survivor-reported traumatic experiences and exposures\u2014called <jats:italic>triage factors<\/jats:italic>\u2014associated with risk for developing severe distress and new mental health disorders following disasters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789313000657_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most common triage factors reported by survivors referred for mental health services were \u201cfelt extreme panic\/fear\u201d (93%) and \u201cfelt direct threat to life\u201d (93%). The most common factor reported by persons in tsunami-affected communities was \u201cfelt extreme panic or fear\u201d (75%). Proportions of severe triage factors reported by persons living in the community were consistently lower than those reported by patients referred for mental health services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789313000657_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of evidence-based mental health triage and community assessment gave hospital-based providers, local public health officials, and federal response teams a strategy to match limited clinical resources with survivors at greatest risk. Also, it produced a common operating picture of acute and chronic mental health needs among disaster systems of care operating in American Samoa.(<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2013;7:327-331)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2012.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T05:34:53Z","timestamp":1334640893000},"page":"327-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Brief Report of Surveillance of Traumatic Experiences and Exposures After the Earthquake-Tsunami in American Samoa, 2009"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merritt D.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Formanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinclair","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye M.","family":"Bayleyegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siitia S.","family":"Lemusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.5.549"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.4.509"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref2","volume-title":"Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Pynoos","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511544415"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref12","volume-title":"Disaster Medicine","author":"Reissman","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00179-1"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref3","first-page":"605","volume-title":"On the Ground After September 11: Mental Health Responses and Practical Knowledge Gained","author":"Schreiber","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.033019"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00001448"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref1","unstructured":"Jaffe BE , Gelfenbaum G , Buckley Ml , etal; U.S. Geological Survey. The limit of inundation of the September 29, 2009, tsunami on Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1018. http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2010\/1018\/.Published2010. Accessed February 24, 2010."},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref4","volume-title":"Guidance for establishing crisis standards of care for use in disaster situations: a letter report","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.1.82"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref10","unstructured":"Schreiber M , Pynoos R . Post traumatic reactions in children exposed to fire disaster. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 1995; New Orleans, Louisiana."},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref9","unstructured":"Robert T . Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance (Stafford) Act, 42USC5121; 1988."},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref19","first-page":"32","article-title":"Surveillance in hurricane evacuation centers--Louisiana, September-October 2005","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref18","first-page":"38","article-title":"CDC assessment of health-related needs after hurricanes Katrina and Rita\u2014Orleans and Jefferson Parishes, New Orleans Area, Louisiana, October 17-22, 2005","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300815"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref16","first-page":"693","article-title":"Epidemiologic assessment of the impact of four hurricanes--Florida, 2004","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref20","unstructured":"National Biodefense Science Board. Disaster mental health recommendations: report of the Disaster Mental Health Subcommittee of the National Biodefense Science Board. http:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/aspr\/conferences\/nbsb\/dmhreport-final.pdf. Published November 18, 2008. Accessed May 5, 2009."},{"key":"S1935789313000657_ref8","volume-title":"Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) Toolkit","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789313000657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T21:43:45Z","timestamp":1556055825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789313000657\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935789313000657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/dmp.2012.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}