{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T16:10:24Z","timestamp":1744215024920},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":128,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>The incidence, types, and influencing factors of injuries due to snow-ice disasters are essential for public health preparedness. This study was designed to assess such factors of injuries during the 22-day snowstorm in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, in 2008.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A multistage cluster probability sampling method was applied to select the study population in urban, rural, and mountainous areas. Data including sociodemographic characteristics, frequency, and types of injuries during the snowstorm between January 20 and February 10, 2008, were obtained by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and by checking the participants' medical records. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the factors significantly associated with the risk of injuries.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>A total of 3169 residents of 1416 families took part in this survey. In 581 residents, 602 injuries were identified. Incidences of frostbite, falling injury, and traffic accident\u2013related injury were 12.78%, 5.30%, and 0.50%, respectively. Injury occurred more frequently in women than in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19-1.70). Frostbite occurred more frequently in women than in men (adjusted OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.43-2.41) and more frequently in urban areas than in other areas (adjusted OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.24-2.20). Travel by bus or car, wearing a scarf, wearing gloves, wearing a raincoat, reducing outdoor activity, and performing regular physical exercise were independent protective factors of frostbite, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 0.35 (0.20-0.61), 0.45 (0.33-0.62), 0.35 (0.26-0.48), 0.45 (0.33-0.61), 0.36 (0.27-0.48), and 0.18 (0.13-0.24), respectively. Falling injury occurred more often in mountainous areas than in other areas (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.27-2.42). Age 45 years or older, working outside more than 15 days, and wearing a raincoat were independent risk factors of falling injury, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2.30 (1.60-3.32), 1.92 (1.36-2.72), and 2.21 (1.56-3.11), respectively. Falling and traffic accident\u2013related injuries were mainly due to slippery roads.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Frostbite and falling injury were the major injuries caused by an unprecedented snow-ice disaster. Keeping warm and maintaining regular physical exercise appeared to reduce frostbite risk. Public health intervention also reduced the risk of falling and traffic accident\u2013related injuries.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2012;6:363-369)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2012.69","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T06:19:28Z","timestamp":1355379568000},"page":"363-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incidences, Types, and Influencing Factors of Snow Disaster\u2013Associated Injuries in Ningbo, China, 2008"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Guozhang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinchao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanfeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lairong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibiao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangwen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199402000-00004"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.08.007"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016097"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04614.x"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.319.5868.1318"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref011","first-page":"114","article-title":"Predisposing factors and prevention of frostbite.","volume":"59","author":"Rintam\u00e4ki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health."},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.07.003"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.07.012"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2009.06.004"},{"key":"S1935789300004274_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404109","article-title":"The injury experience observed in two emergency departments in Kingston, Ontario during \u201cice storm 98.\u201d","volume":"90","author":"Hartling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Public 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