{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:07:47Z","timestamp":1789632467445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1042,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ear by design is exquisitely sensitive to barotrauma. As a result, it is typically the first organ affected in primary blast injury. The most common symptoms encountered include hearing loss, ringing, and drainage. In severe cases, the highest priority is appropriately directed toward diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening injuries; however, injury to the ear is missed frequently. With simple screening procedures, limited management, and appropriate otolaryngologic referral, acute and long-term morbidity can be averted for both critical and noncritical patients. The article provides an overview of blast mechanics and pathophysiology. It details various blast-related injuries to the external, middle, and inner ear. Standard of care assessment and management strategies are presented for acute and late otologic sequelae of the blast-injured patient.<\/jats:p><jats:p>(<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2010;4:145-152)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1001\/dmphp.d-08-00057r2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T17:14:16Z","timestamp":1275585256000},"page":"145-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Otologic Considerations of Blast Injury"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"D. Spencer","family":"Darley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref042","first-page":"562","article-title":"Acute acoustic trauma, a clinical investigation and prognosis in 433 symptomatic soldiers.","volume":"12","author":"Melinek","year":"1976","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref040","first-page":"358","article-title":"Auditory research involving antioxidants.","volume":"15","author":"Durrat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otol."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-85-13","article-title":"The pathophysiology of primary blast injury and its implications for treatment. Part II: the auditory structures and abdomen.","volume":"85.1","author":"Cripps","year":"1999","journal-title":"J R Nav Med Serv."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.12.010"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref035","first-page":"584","article-title":"Ear reattachment by modified pocket principle.","volume":"51","author":"Miladick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Plastic Surg."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894890980S506"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(84)90077-7"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref031","first-page":"127","article-title":"Blast injury and cholesteatoma.","volume":"9","author":"Kronenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Otol."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100090873"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11972.x"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref023","article-title":"Rupture of the Ear-Drums by Blast.","author":"Blake","journal-title":"Ministry of Home Security Report BPC 43\/169\/WS21, Military Personnel Research Committee (Medical Research Council). Oxford, UK: Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford University; undated. (Level 2)"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref022","first-page":"109","article-title":"Expierimentelle untersuchungen \u00fcber die resistenzfahigkeit des trommelfells.","volume":"52","author":"Zalweski","year":"1906","journal-title":"Z Ohrenheilkd."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510008018X"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00042-8"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref018","first-page":"642","article-title":"Tympanoplasty after war blast lesions of the eardrum: retrospective study.","volume":"42","author":"Sprem","year":"2001","journal-title":"Croat Med J."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref017","first-page":"559","article-title":"Blast injury of the ear in a confined space explosion: auditory and vestibular evaluation.","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100069802"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1971.00770070686009"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.122186"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02325.x"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref029","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effects of blast overpressure on the ear: case reports.","volume":"8","author":"Chandler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audol."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880160098015"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480310017045"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref026","article-title":"The Response of the Human Ear to Blast.","author":"James","journal-title":"Part 1: The Effect on the Ear Drum of a Short Duration, Fast Rising Pressure Wave. AWRE\/CDE report no. 04\/82, London, Ministry of Defense Procurement Office, 1982, p 1-47.8 (Level 2)"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.114906"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70225-8"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-135-02-04"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70091-8"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894890980S507"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128293.43913.ca"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(97)03659-7"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref025","first-page":"158","article-title":"The relation between eardrum failure and blast induced pressure variations.","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"1970","journal-title":"Space Life Sci."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(03)00723-6"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042083"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100084061"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817c0b4d"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02066988"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref004","unstructured":"Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation. http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/index.aspx?o=1025. Published March 2009. Accessed April 10, 2009."},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690509400406"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)08726-8"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7509.119"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120500540912"},{"key":"S1935789300002615_ref009","article-title":"The physics and mechanisms of primary blast injury.","author":"Stuhmiller","journal-title":"In: Bellamy RF, Zajtchuk R, eds. Conventional Warfare: Ballistic, Blast and Burn Injuries. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General of the US Army; 1991:241-270 (Level 5)"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789300002615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T21:37:23Z","timestamp":1635457043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789300002615\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935789300002615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/dmphp.d-08-00057r2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}