{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:58:20Z","timestamp":1793145500477,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T11:30:30Z","timestamp":1569929430000},"page":"1294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1680,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"Teresa K.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne H.","family":"Knicely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Grams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"jrv190010r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States.","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-2-200407200-00007","article-title":"The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing faster than the prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency.","volume":"141","author":"Hsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv190010r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.20.2268","article-title":"Patient awareness of chronic kidney disease: trends and predictors.","volume":"168","author":"Plantinga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9888","key":"jrv190010r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives.","volume":"382","author":"Jha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.73","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.230","article-title":"A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010.","volume":"88","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5993","key":"jrv190010r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032","article-title":"Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans.","volume":"329","author":"Genovese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0861-0","article-title":"Missense mutations in the APOL1 gene are highly associated with end stage kidney disease risk previously attributed to the MYH9 gene.","volume":"128","author":"Tzur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv190010r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15063","article-title":"Association of sickle cell trait with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in African Americans.","volume":"312","author":"Naik","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv190010r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr118","article-title":"The MYH9\/APOL1 region and chronic kidney disease in European-Americans.","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Seaghdha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015070763","article-title":"Race, APOL1 risk, and eGFR decline in the general population.","volume":"27","author":"Grams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.01.012","article-title":"Trajectories of kidney function decline in young black and white adults with preserved GFR: results from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.","volume":"62","author":"Peralta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.009","article-title":"Lifetime incidence of CKD stages 3-5 in the United States.","volume":"62","author":"Grams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv190010r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00040-6","article-title":"Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data.","volume":"3","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv190010r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.550","article-title":"Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with mortality and end-stage renal disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of kidney disease population cohorts.","volume":"79","author":"Astor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.531","article-title":"Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts.","volume":"80","author":"Gansevoort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv190010r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.536","article-title":"Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts.","volume":"79","author":"van der Velde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.01.416","article-title":"KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD.","volume":"63","author":"Inker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"jrv190010r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv100","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline on management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR <45 mL\/min).","volume":"30","author":"Bilo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"jrv190010r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw356","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline on management of older patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR <45 mL\/min\/1.73 m2).","volume":"31","author":"Farrington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv190010r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11571017","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity and Chinese herbal medicine.","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.293","article-title":"Acute phosphate nephropathy.","volume":"75","author":"Rocuts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv190010r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.308","article-title":"Acute phosphate nephropathy.","volume":"76","author":"Markowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"jrv190010r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0602","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for detection and staging of acute and chronic kidney disease in adults: a systematic review.","volume":"313","author":"Levey","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37891-6","article-title":"Iohexol clearance for the determination of glomerular filtration rate in clinical practice: evidence for a new gold standard.","volume":"146","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"476","key":"jrv190010r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-40-476-581","article-title":"The measurement of glomerular filtration rate with 125I-sodium iothalamate (Conray).","volume":"40","author":"Elwood","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r28","first-page":"60","article-title":"The measurement of glomerular filtration rate in man with sodium iothalamate 131-I (Conray).","volume":"7","author":"Sigman","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation.","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C.","volume":"367","author":"Inker","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.0525144","article-title":"Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program.","volume":"52","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0768","article-title":"A reference system for urinary albumin: current status.","volume":"51","author":"Lieske","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp022","article-title":"Laboratory issues in measuring and reporting urine albumin.","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030292","article-title":"First morning voids are more reliable than spot urine samples to assess microalbuminuria.","volume":"20","author":"Witte","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.134","article-title":"The rediscovery of uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein): from tubulointerstitial nephropathy to chronic kidney disease.","volume":"80","author":"Rampoldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.10.054","article-title":"Uromodulin in kidney injury: an instigator, bystander, or protector?","volume":"59","author":"El-Achkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.192","article-title":"Urinary uromodulin, kidney function, and cardiovascular disease in elderly adults.","volume":"88","author":"Garimella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0047-y","article-title":"Polycystic kidney disease.","volume":"4","author":"Bergmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv190010r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1710030","article-title":"Tolvaptan in later-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.","volume":"377","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"jrv190010r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k5301","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5301","article-title":"Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium.","volume":"364","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2013.79","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: an update.","volume":"3","author":"Kazancioglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015020124","article-title":"APOL1 genotype and race differences in incident albuminuria and renal function decline.","volume":"27","author":"Peralta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013010113","article-title":"APOL1 variants associate with increased risk of CKD among African Americans.","volume":"24","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.10.035","article-title":"Food insecurity, CKD, and subsequent ESRD in US adults.","volume":"70","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv190010r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040388","article-title":"APOL1 genetic variants in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy.","volume":"22","author":"Kopp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"23","key":"jrv190010r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310345","article-title":"APOL1 risk variants, race, and progression of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"369","author":"Parsa","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2013.27","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for lipid management in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Lipid Work Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2453","article-title":"Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2013 clinical practice guideline.","volume":"160","author":"Tonelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv190010r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.07.510","article-title":"2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult.","volume":"32","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.09.016","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle and risk of kidney disease progression, atherosclerotic events, and death in CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study.","volume":"65","author":"Ricardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","article-title":"2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8).","volume":"311","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"jrv190010r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control.","volume":"373","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1037","article-title":"Kidney damage biomarkers and incident chronic kidney disease during blood pressure reduction: a case-control study.","volume":"169","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017020148","article-title":"Effects of intensive BP control in CKD.","volume":"28","author":"Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"19","key":"jrv190010r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv190010r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303154","article-title":"Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.","volume":"369","author":"Fried","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10008","key":"jrv190010r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00257-3","article-title":"Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial.","volume":"386","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv190010r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure.","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms.","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv190010r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70194-9","article-title":"Anti-albuminuric effect of the aldosterone blocker eplerenone in non-diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"2","author":"Ando","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10081","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"314","author":"Bakris","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"jrv190010r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.537","article-title":"Association between glycemic control and adverse outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"171","author":"Shurraw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv190010r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.193","article-title":"Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years\u2019 duration: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications and Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications experience (1983-2005).","volume":"169","author":"Nathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9131","key":"jrv190010r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33).","volume":"352","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"jrv190010r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv190010r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes.","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"jrv190010r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes.","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7193","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"176","author":"Lazarus","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.04.027","article-title":"Biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis, 1993-2011: a case series.","volume":"64","author":"Muriithi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.74","article-title":"A nationwide nested case-control study indicates an increased risk of acute interstitial nephritis with proton pump inhibitor use.","volume":"86","author":"Blank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13647","article-title":"Comparison of the Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations for estimating ganciclovir clearance.","volume":"84","author":"Palacio-Lacambra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2676","article-title":"Use of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations for drug dosing in HIV-positive patients.","volume":"18","author":"Okparavero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"jrv190010r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.082","article-title":"Nonvitamin K anticoagulant agents in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or on dialysis with AF.","volume":"67","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06210909","article-title":"Adverse safety events in chronic kidney disease: the frequency of \u201cmultiple hits\u201d.","volume":"5","author":"Chapin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"jrv190010r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.8.1065","article-title":"The effect of chronic renal failure on drug metabolism and transport.","volume":"4","author":"Dreisbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.016","article-title":"CKD as an underrecognized threat to patient safety.","volume":"53","author":"Fink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.2017.30.issue-4","article-title":"Use of radiocontrast agents in CKD and ESRD.","volume":"30","author":"Bahrainwala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2011.03.001","article-title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast agents.","volume":"18","author":"Abu-Alfa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3283309660","article-title":"Advanced kidney disease, gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: the perfect storm.","volume":"18","author":"Perazella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv190010r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403313301301","article-title":"The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease.","volume":"330","author":"Klahr","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.08.009","article-title":"Effect of a very low-protein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study.","volume":"53","author":"Menon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r85","article-title":"Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease.","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8415","key":"jrv190010r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90818-3","article-title":"Prospective randomised trial of early dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure.","volume":"2","author":"Rosman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00274.x","article-title":"Low-protein diet and kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.","volume":"55","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00421.x","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy.","volume":"62","author":"Hansen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00009","article-title":"The impact of protein intake on renal function decline in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency.","volume":"138","author":"Knight","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.313","article-title":"Dietary acid reduction with fruits and vegetables or bicarbonate attenuates kidney injury in patients with a moderately reduced glomerular filtration rate due to hypertensive nephropathy.","volume":"81","author":"Goraya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv190010r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040332","article-title":"High dietary acid load predicts ESRD among adults with CKD.","volume":"26","author":"Banerjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.08.013","article-title":"Relationship of estimated GFR and albuminuria to concurrent laboratory abnormalities: an individual participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium.","volume":"73","author":"Inker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.37","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Anemia Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.04.001","article-title":"KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease\u2013mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).","volume":"7","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.07.019","article-title":"KDOQI US commentary on the 2017 KDIGO clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease\u2013mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).","volume":"70","author":"Isakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv190010r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008111205","article-title":"Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status.","volume":"20","author":"de Brito-Ashurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.01.017","article-title":"Association of serum bicarbonate with risk of renal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD: a report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study.","volume":"62","author":"Dobre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv190010r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.05.008","article-title":"Low serum bicarbonate and kidney function decline: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).","volume":"64","author":"Driver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv190010r99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.129","article-title":"Daily oral sodium bicarbonate preserves glomerular filtration rate by slowing its decline in early hypertensive nephropathy.","volume":"78","author":"Mahajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv190010r100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.18202","article-title":"Multinational assessment of accuracy of equations for predicting risk of kidney failure: a meta-analysis.","volume":"315","author":"Tangri","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.6.659","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization.","volume":"164","author":"Keith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"jrv190010r102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.451","article-title":"A predictive model for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure.","volume":"305","author":"Tangri","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"jrv190010r103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358117722782","article-title":"Risk-based triage for nephrology referrals using the kidney failure risk equation.","volume":"4","author":"Hingwala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv190010r104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1269-2","article-title":"Patient and provider experience and perspectives of a risk-based approach to multidisciplinary chronic kidney disease care: a mixed methods study.","volume":"20","author":"Smekal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"jrv190010r105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358119841611","article-title":"Integrating risk-based care for patients with chronic kidney disease in the community: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial.","volume":"6","author":"Harasemiw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.01.009","article-title":"Predicting timing of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and severely decreased glomerular filtration rate.","volume":"93","author":"Grams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.02.006","article-title":"Improving the prognosis of patients with severely decreased glomerular filtration rate (CKD G4+): conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.","volume":"93","author":"Eckardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv190010r108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000552","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of early versus late initiation of dialysis.","volume":"363","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv190010r110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441004","article-title":"Effect of the use or nonuse of long-term dialysis on the subsequent survival of renal transplants from living donors.","volume":"344","author":"Mange","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv190010r111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508103330601","article-title":"High survival rates of kidney transplants from spousal and living unrelated donors.","volume":"333","author":"Terasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv190010r115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.245","article-title":"Development of a risk stratification algorithm to improve patient-centered care and decision making for incident elderly patients with end-stage renal disease.","volume":"88","author":"Couchoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"16","key":"jrv190010r116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904655","article-title":"Functional status of elderly adults before and after initiation of dialysis.","volume":"361","author":"Kurella Tamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"jrv190010r21","volume-title":"Brenner & Rector\u2019s the Kidney","author":"Skorecki","year":"2016","edition":"10th ed"},{"key":"jrv190010r47","volume-title":"2018 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States","author":"US Renal Data System","year":"2018"},{"key":"jrv190010r109","volume-title":"Handbook of Dialysis","author":"Daugirdas","year":"2007","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"jrv190010r41","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation. National Kidney Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, leading laboratories and clinical laboratory societies unite to diagnose chronic kidney disease. https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/news\/national-kidney-foundation-american-society-clinical-pathology-leading-laboratories-and. Published February 21, 2018. Accessed August 13, 2019."},{"key":"jrv190010r112","unstructured":"United Network for Organ Sharing. Frequently asked questions about kidney transplant evaluation and listing. https:\/\/unos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/unos\/Kidney_Eval_Brochure.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed August 6, 2019."},{"key":"jrv190010r113","unstructured":"Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Educational guidance on patient referral to kidney transplantation. https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/resources\/guidance\/educational-guidance-on-patient-referral-to-kidney-transplantation\/. Published September 2015. Accessed August 6, 2019."},{"key":"jrv190010r114","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline For Vascular Access: 2018. https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/sites\/default\/files\/kdoqi_vasc-access-review2019_v2.pdf. Published April 2019. Accessed August 13, 2019."}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2752067\/jama_chen_2019_rv_190010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T18:09:27Z","timestamp":1611425367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2752067"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.14745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}}}