{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:14:37Z","timestamp":1793711677236,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T12:08:31Z","timestamp":1583237311000},"page":"863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1232,"title":["US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"323","author":[{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Dieleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Chapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kaldjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Matyasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin Woody","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facebook, Menlo Park, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert C.","family":"Duber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abe C.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Economic Analysis, Suitland, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham D.","family":"Flaxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Fitzmaurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafis","family":"Sadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft, Redmond, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Economic Analysis, Suitland, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Improve Group, St Paul, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. L.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10187","key":"joi200007r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30841-4","article-title":"Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050.","volume":"393","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"joi200007r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16885","article-title":"US spending on personal health care and public health, 1996-2013.","volume":"316","author":"Dieleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"joi200007r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.15927","article-title":"Factors associated with increases in US health care spending, 1996-2013.","volume":"318","author":"Dieleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi200007r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4086","article-title":"Spending on children\u2019s personal health care in the United States, 1996-2013.","volume":"171","author":"Bui","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"joi200007r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-016-0082-4","article-title":"Improving the usefulness of US mortality data: new methods for reclassification of underlying cause of death.","volume":"14","author":"Foreman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"joi200007r15","article-title":"Adjusting health spending for the presence of comorbidities: an application to United States national inpatient data.","author":"Dieleman","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi200007r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157912","article-title":"Assessing the complex and evolving relationship between charges and payments in US hospitals: 1996-2012.","volume":"11","author":"Hamavid","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi200007r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.1.54","article-title":"A better lemon squeezer? maximum-likelihood regression with beta-distributed dependent variables.","volume":"11","author":"Smithson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi200007r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1376","article-title":"Health care spending on diabetes in the US, 1996-2013.","volume":"41","author":"Squires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"18","key":"joi200007r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000-2009.","volume":"307","author":"Patrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"joi200007r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25150","article-title":"Cancer treatment cost in the United States: has the burden shifted over time?","volume":"116","author":"Tangka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi200007r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.20.6.267","article-title":"Out-of-pocket medical spending for care of chronic conditions.","volume":"20","author":"Hwang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"10053","key":"joi200007r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi200007r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2458","article-title":"Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an american college of physicians clinical practice guideline.","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi200007r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline.","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"joi200007r2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Health Insurance","author":"Morrisey","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"joi200007r19","volume-title":"The Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data","author":"Aitchison","year":"2003"},{"key":"joi200007r3","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. NHEA related studies. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems\/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports\/NationalHealthExpendData\/NHEA-Related-Studies.html. Published November 20, 2015. Accessed December 15, 2017."},{"key":"joi200007r4","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Historical. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems\/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports\/NationalHealthExpendData\/NationalHealthAccountsHistorical.html. Published January 8, 2018. Accessed October 17, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r6","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. DEX home. http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/dex. Accessed December 15, 2017."},{"key":"joi200007r9","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2013. https:\/\/www.meps.ahrq.gov\/mepsweb\/. Accessed January 23, 2020."},{"key":"joi200007r10","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2012. https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/nation\/nis\/nisdbdocumentation.jsp. Accessed January 23, 2020."},{"key":"joi200007r11","unstructured":"Truven Health Analytics. United States MarketScan Medicare supplemental and coordination of benefits database for 2010. http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/record\/united-states-marketscan-medicare-supplemental-and-coordination-benefits-database-2010. Accessed January 23, 2020."},{"key":"joi200007r12","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. NAMCS and NHAMCS web tables. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ahcd\/web_tables.htm. Published October 26, 2017. Accessed March 2, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r13","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National nursing home survey. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nnhs\/index.htm. Published January 10, 2018. Accessed March 30, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r17","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2016 national survey on drug use and health: detailed tables. http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/results-2016-national-survey-drug-use-and-health-detailed-tables. Published September 7, 2017. Accessed January 23, 2020."},{"key":"joi200007r20","unstructured":"US Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. https:\/\/www.bea.gov\/data\/prices-inflation\/gdp-price-index. Published March 2, 2018. Accessed March 1, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r26","unstructured":"Choosing Wisely website. Lumbar spine imaging recommendations from the American College of Emergency Physicians. http:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/clinician-lists\/acep-lumbar-spine-imaging-in-the-ed\/. Accessed October 19, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r29","unstructured":"IQVIA website. Understanding the drivers of drug expenditure in the US: November 2017. https:\/\/www.iqvia.com\/insights\/the-iqvia-institute\/reports\/understanding-the-drivers-of-drug-expenditure-in-the-us. Accessed October 17, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r30","unstructured":"CoughlinTA, HolahanJ, CaswellK. Uncompensated care for the uninsured in 2013: a detailed examination\u2014sources of funding for uncompensated care. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/report-section\/uncompensated-care-for-the-uninsured-in-2013-a-detailed-examination-sources-of-funding-for-uncompensated-care\/. Accessed March 1, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r31","unstructured":"US Office of Personnel Management. Healthcare: plan information. https:\/\/www.opm.gov\/healthcare-insurance\/healthcare\/plan-information\/plans\/. Accessed March 2, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r32","unstructured":"RaeM, ClaxtonG, PanchalN. Tax subsidies for private health insurance. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/private-insurance\/issue-brief\/tax-subsidies-for-private-health-insurance\/. Accessed March 2, 2018."},{"key":"joi200007r33","unstructured":"CurrieJ, HoK, KellyBR, KuziemkoI. Who will be our moral conscience now? a tribute to Uwe Reinhardt. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20190805.922868\/full\/. Accessed February 4, 2020."}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2762309\/jama_dieleman_2020_oi_200007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T12:08:38Z","timestamp":1583237318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.0734","relation":{"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s12178-025-09982-7","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]}}}