{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:07:41Z","timestamp":1792098461946,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T17:07:45Z","timestamp":1583255265000},"page":"1488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1533,"title":["Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"323","author":[{"given":"Barnaby Edward","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean Wei Xiang","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Kalimuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny G.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seow Yen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashen","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oon-Tek","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalisvar","family":"Marimuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Wei","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze Minn","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sok Kiang","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSO National Laboratories, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Sing","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thean Yen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"},{"name":"Changi General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong Yong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubaidah","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Kurupatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Vasoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Fa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boon Huan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"DSO National Laboratories, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Tzer Pin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vernon Jian Ming","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Sin","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Chien","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Singapore 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10223","key":"joi200030r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10224","key":"joi200030r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi200030r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019.","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"joi200030r4","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China.","author":"Wang","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"joi200030r5","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.","author":"Wu","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"joi200030r6","article-title":"COVID-19 in Singapore\u2014current experience: critical global issues that require attention and action.","author":"Wong","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi200030r7","first-page":"399","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir\/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study.","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi200030r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.012658","article-title":"Role of lopinavir\/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings.","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi200030r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv392","article-title":"Treatment with lopinavir\/ritonavir or interferon-\u00df1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset.","volume":"212","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi200030r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13940-6","article-title":"Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV.","volume":"11","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi200030r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004093","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza: an updated Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"48","author":"Lansbury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10223","key":"joi200030r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10223","key":"joi200030r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster.","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9371","key":"joi200030r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13412-5","article-title":"Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study.","volume":"361","author":"Peiris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"joi200030r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1511695","article-title":"Viral load kinetics of MERS coronavirus infection.","volume":"375","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"joi200030r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.040058","article-title":"Viral loads in clinical specimens and SARS manifestations.","volume":"10","author":"Hung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"joi200030r18","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients.","author":"Zou","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"joi200030r11","unstructured":"Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with known or patients under investigation for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in a healthcare setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated February 21, 2020. Accessed February 27, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/hcp\/infection-control.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2762688\/jama_young_2020_oi_200030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T15:01:20Z","timestamp":1587481280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.3204","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}}}