{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T05:35:24Z","timestamp":1793770524979,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1636628447000},"page":"2031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"title":["Association of Bariatric Surgery With Major Adverse Liver and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"326","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Aminian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Al-Kurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rickesha","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Fayazzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tavankit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vance L.","family":"Albaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiz U.","family":"Shariff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Wellspan Hospital, York, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noe A.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Springdale, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy A.","family":"Brethauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Dasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naim","family":"Alkhouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Fatty Liver Program, Arizona Liver Health, Chandler"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur J.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10290","key":"joi210121r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi210121r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2298","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a review.","volume":"323","author":"Sheka","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"joi210121r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi210121r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00507-z","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"17","author":"Ferguson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi210121r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.050","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the heart: JACC state-of-the-art review.","volume":"73","author":"Stahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10271","key":"joi210121r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32649-0","article-title":"Metabolic surgery versus conventional medical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: 10-year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial.","volume":"397","author":"Mingrone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi210121r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600869","article-title":"Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes\u20145-year outcomes.","volume":"376","author":"Schauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi210121r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.20813","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention and medical management with vs without Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and control of hemoglobin A1c, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure at 5 years in the Diabetes Surgery Study.","volume":"319","author":"Ikramuddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi210121r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032130","article-title":"Effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with hypertension: the GATEWAY randomized trial (Gastric Bypass to Treat Obese Patients With Steady Hypertension).","volume":"137","author":"Schiavon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi210121r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.006","article-title":"Bariatric surgery provides long-term resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and regression of fibrosis.","volume":"159","author":"Lassailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"joi210121r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.101","article-title":"The benefit of sleeve gastrectomy in obese adolescents on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis.","volume":"180","author":"Manco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi210121r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000179652.07502.3f","article-title":"Surgically-induced weight loss significantly improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"242","author":"Mattar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"joi210121r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14231","article-title":"Association of metabolic surgery with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.","volume":"322","author":"Aminian","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi210121r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5988","article-title":"Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications.","volume":"311","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"joi210121r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14619","article-title":"Association between bariatric surgery and macrovascular disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.","volume":"320","author":"Fisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi210121r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1527-3350","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"41","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"23","key":"joi210121r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819","article-title":"Overlap weighting: a propensity score method that mimics attributes of a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"323","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"521","key":"joi210121r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2016.1260466","article-title":"Balancing covariates via propensity score weighting.","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi210121r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.2001.57.issue-1","article-title":"A solution to the problem of monotone likelihood in Cox regression.","volume":"57","author":"Heinze","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi210121r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074463","article-title":"Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification.","volume":"16","author":"van Buuren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi210121r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581","article-title":"Inference and missing data.","volume":"63","author":"Rubin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biometrika."},{"issue":"2","key":"joi210121r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.v10.2","article-title":"Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies.","volume":"10","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi210121r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value.","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"joi210121r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9972","key":"joi210121r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10019","key":"joi210121r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi210121r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"joi210121r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420302","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.","volume":"342","author":"Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10215","key":"joi210121r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32963-0","article-title":"Obeticholic acid: towards first approval for NASH.","volume":"394","author":"Eslam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi210121r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70506-8","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity.","volume":"116","author":"Matteoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi210121r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005003","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes after metabolic surgery versus medical therapy for diabetes: insights from the STAMPEDE randomized trial.","volume":"274","author":"Aminian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi210121r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2019.12.022","article-title":"American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2018 estimate of metabolic and bariatric procedures performed in the United States.","volume":"16","author":"English","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2786270\/jama_aminian_2021_oi_210121_1637351911.70804.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T12:34:05Z","timestamp":1637670845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2786270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.19569","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]}}}