{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1794412194989,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1643108497000},"page":"331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":621,"title":["Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Oster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Buddy","family":"Creech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen R.","family":"Broder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Soslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Dendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Schlaudecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick L.","family":"Ruberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Jay","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato D.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Baumblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige L.","family":"Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Strid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"River","family":"Pugsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Reagan-Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"DeStefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom T.","family":"Shimabukuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"joi210145r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800028","article-title":"Myocarditis.","volume":"360","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"joi210145r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.03.019","article-title":"Trends in acute myocarditis\u2013related pediatric hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2016.","volume":"149","author":"Vasudeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi210145r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005306","article-title":"Occurrence and features of childhood myocarditis: a nationwide study in Finland.","volume":"6","author":"Arola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi210145r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304449","article-title":"The effects of gender and age on occurrence of clinically suspected myocarditis in adulthood.","volume":"99","author":"Kyt\u00f6","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi210145r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.v14.5","article-title":"Myocarditis in the pediatric population: a review.","volume":"14","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi210145r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.108","article-title":"Viral myocarditis\u2014diagnosis, treatment options, and current controversies.","volume":"12","author":"Pollack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"joi210145r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3283","article-title":"Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel.","volume":"289","author":"Halsell","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"28","key":"joi210145r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.05.016","article-title":"US population-based background incidence rates of medical conditions for use in safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccines.","volume":"39","author":"Gubernot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi210145r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052478","article-title":"Symptomatic acute myocarditis in 7 adolescents after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination.","volume":"148","author":"Marshall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi210145r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2828","article-title":"Patients with acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi210145r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2833","article-title":"Myocarditis following immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in members of the US military.","volume":"6","author":"Montgomery","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi210145r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13443","article-title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination for COVID-19.","volume":"326","author":"Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"joi210145r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109730","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel.","volume":"385","author":"Mevorach","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"joi210145r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110737","article-title":"Myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization.","volume":"385","author":"Witberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"27","key":"joi210145r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7027e2","article-title":"Use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after reports of myocarditis among vaccine recipients: update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, June 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Gargano","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"29","key":"joi210145r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.05.087","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.","volume":"39","author":"Abu Mouch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi210145r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055913","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination.","volume":"144","author":"Larson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi210145r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055891","article-title":"Myocarditis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination.","volume":"144","author":"Rosner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"35","key":"joi210145r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7035e5","article-title":"Association between COVID-19 and myocarditis using hospital-based administrative data\u2014United States, March 2020-January 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Boehmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"joi210145r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: building an international community of software platform partners.","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"15","key":"joi210145r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.606509","article-title":"Presentation, patterns of myocardial damage, and clinical course of viral myocarditis.","volume":"114","author":"Mahrholdt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi210145r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508033330501","article-title":"A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis.","volume":"333","author":"Mason","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi210145r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-1032","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of fulminant and acute myocarditis in children.","volume":"76","author":"Saji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi210145r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.965749","article-title":"Demographics, trends, and outcomes in pediatric acute myocarditis in the United States, 2006 to 2011.","volume":"5","author":"Ghelani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"33","key":"joi210145r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"joi210145r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.","volume":"62","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi210145r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001001","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of myocarditis in children: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"144","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi210145r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.11.029","article-title":"Analysis of clinical parameters and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as predictors of outcome in pediatric myocarditis.","volume":"115","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"joi210145r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.072","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations.","volume":"72","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi210145r35","first-page":"e273","article-title":"Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 3: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and other cardiomyopathies, and myocarditis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology.","volume":"132","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"20","key":"joi210145r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1061","article-title":"Prognostic value of repeating cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with acute myocarditis.","volume":"74","author":"Aquaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"joi210145r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.035","article-title":"Safety monitoring in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).","volume":"33","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"joi210145r39","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIPAA privacy rule and public health: guidance from CDC and the US Department of Health and Human Services.","volume":"52","author":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"joi210145r9","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment project. Accessed August 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccinesafety\/ensuringsafety\/monitoring\/cisa\/index.html"},{"key":"joi210145r16","unstructured":"MedDRA. Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Accessed June 30, 2021. https:\/\/www.meddra.org"},{"key":"joi210145r17","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC COVID-19 data tracker. Accessed June 30, 2021. https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker"},{"key":"joi210145r31","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations: myocarditis and pericarditis after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and young adults. Accessed August 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/clinical-considerations\/myocarditis.html"},{"key":"joi210145r34","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigating long-term effects of myocarditis. Accessed August 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/safety\/myo-outcomes.html"},{"key":"joi210145r37","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized in the United States. Accessed August 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/clinical-considerations\/covid-19-vaccines-us.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2788346\/jama_oster_2022_oi_210145_1647635624.12259.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T11:00:35Z","timestamp":1647860435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2788346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.24110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}}}