{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:28:30Z","timestamp":1793039310402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220017-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220017-2\">\n                    <jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, healthy dietary pattern that includes low sodium and high potassium intake, physical activity, and moderation or elimination of alcohol consumption. The BP-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive and enhance the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy. The decision to initiate antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of BP and the presence of high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line drug therapy for hypertension consists of a thiazide or thiazidelike diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker such as enalapril or candesartan, and a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine and should be titrated according to office and home SBP\/DBP levels to achieve in most people an SBP\/DBP target (&amp;amp;lt;130\/80 mm Hg for adults &amp;amp;lt;65 years and SBP &amp;amp;lt;130 mm Hg in adults \u226565 years). Randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of BP lowering to reduce the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. An SBP reduction of 10 mm Hg decreases risk of CVD events by approximately 20% to 30%. Despite the benefits of BP control, only 44% of US adults with hypertension have their SBP\/DBP controlled to less than 140\/90 mm Hg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220017-3\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide and is a leading cause of CVD morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, consisting of weight loss, dietary sodium reduction and potassium supplementation, healthy dietary pattern, physical activity, and limited alcohol consumption. When drug therapy is required, first-line therapies are thiazide or thiazidelike diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.19590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:23:49Z","timestamp":1667906629000},"page":"1849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":452,"title":["Treatment of Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"328","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Whelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"jrv220017r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132022 update: a report from the American Heart Association.","volume":"145","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000065","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"jrv220017r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchy.2020.100044","article-title":"Prevalence and control rates of hypertension in the USA: 2017-2018.","volume":"6","author":"Chobufo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220017r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1753","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality associated with 5 leading risk factors: national and state preventable fractions estimated from survey data.","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10022","key":"jrv220017r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","article-title":"Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"387","author":"Ettehad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220017r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1421","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure reduction and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Bundy","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220017r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14545","article-title":"Trends in blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension: 1999-2000 to 2017-2018.","volume":"324","author":"Muntner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220017r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdw077","article-title":"How much excess weight loss can reduce the risk of hypertension?","volume":"39","author":"Poorolajal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000094221.86888.AE","article-title":"Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"42","author":"Neter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv220017r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075289","article-title":"Association between usual sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure and hypertension among US adults: NHANES 2005-2010.","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jrv220017r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f1325","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1325","article-title":"Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.","volume":"346","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220017r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.2.626S","article-title":"The INTERSALT study: background, methods, findings, and implications.","volume":"65","author":"Stamler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"16","key":"jrv220017r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050371","article-title":"Blood pressure effects of sodium reduction: dose-response meta-analysis of experimental studies.","volume":"143","author":"Filippini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"jrv220017r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.048","article-title":"The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"230","author":"Filippini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220017r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015719","article-title":"Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"9","author":"Filippini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"16","key":"jrv220017r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure.","volume":"336","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"jrv220017r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.16.2083","article-title":"Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial.","volume":"289","author":"Appel","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08994","article-title":"Dose-response association between physical activity and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv220017r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099921","article-title":"How does exercise treatment compare with antihypertensive medications? a network meta-analysis of 391 randomised controlled trials assessing exercise and medication effects on systolic blood pressure.","volume":"53","author":"Naci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2008.03.010","article-title":"Alcohol and hypertension: a review.","volume":"2","author":"Klatsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220017r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30003-8","article-title":"The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Roerecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"jrv220017r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001031","article-title":"2021 Dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"144","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv220017r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.11.839","article-title":"Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE).","volume":"279","author":"Whelton","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","article-title":"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.","volume":"344","author":"Sacks","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000202","article-title":"Weight-loss strategies for prevention and treatment of hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"78","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12567","article-title":"Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: a review.","volume":"324","author":"Arterburn","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090061028","article-title":"The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase I.","volume":"267","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440270105009","article-title":"Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure: the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II.","volume":"157","author":"Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220017r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105675","article-title":"Effect of salt substitution on cardiovascular events and death.","volume":"385","author":"Neal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv220017r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440058033","article-title":"Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.","volume":"277","author":"Whelton","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001943","article-title":"Physical activity to prevent and treat hypertension: a systematic review.","volume":"51","author":"Pescatello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095786","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs.","volume":"50","author":"B\u00f6rjesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2007.05.004","article-title":"Is the cardioprotective effect of alcohol real?","volume":"41","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"9349","key":"jrv220017r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8","article-title":"Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies.","volume":"360","author":"Lewington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9932","key":"jrv220017r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60685-1","article-title":"Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1.25 million people.","volume":"383","author":"Rapsomaniki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1731","article-title":"Association of normal systolic blood pressure level with cardiovascular disease in the absence of risk factors.","volume":"5","author":"Whelton","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"jrv220017r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.066","article-title":"Using predicted cardiovascular disease risk in conjunction with blood pressure to guide antihypertensive medication treatment.","volume":"69","author":"Muntner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9943","key":"jrv220017r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61212-5","article-title":"Blood pressure\u2013lowering treatment based on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.","volume":"384","author":"Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2019 Collaboration","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10199","key":"jrv220017r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31359-5","article-title":"Eligibility and subsequent burden of cardiovascular disease of four strategies for blood pressure\u2013lowering treatment: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"394","author":"Herrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10285","key":"jrv220017r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00590-0","article-title":"Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.","volume":"397","author":"Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2019 Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"jrv220017r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1371","article-title":"Will screening individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events deliver large benefits? yes.","volume":"337","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220017r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.v22.2","article-title":"Strategies for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension.","volume":"22","author":"Whelton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"jrv220017r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1395","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1395","article-title":"Will screening individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events deliver large benefits? no.","volume":"337","author":"Capewell","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002982","article-title":"Predicted cardiovascular risk for United States adults with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and at least 65 years of age.","volume":"40","author":"Jaeger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"22","key":"jrv220017r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control.","volume":"373","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv220017r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901281","article-title":"Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control.","volume":"384","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv220017r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111437","article-title":"Trial of intensive blood-pressure control in older patients with hypertension.","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"jrv220017r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001286","article-title":"Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"362","author":"ACCORD Study Group","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9891","key":"jrv220017r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60852-1","article-title":"Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial.","volume":"382","author":"Benavente","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"jrv220017r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.7050","article-title":"Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged =75 years: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"315","author":"Williamson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220017r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14309","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension, cardiovascular outcomes, and adverse events: results from SPRINT.","volume":"75","author":"Juraschek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4298","article-title":"Effects of intensive blood pressure treatment on orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review and individual participant-based meta-analysis.","volume":"174","author":"Juraschek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"jrv220017r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13551","article-title":"Association of blood pressure classification in young adults using the 2017 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association blood pressure guideline with cardiovascular events later in life.","volume":"320","author":"Yano","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"jrv220017r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044838","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk of isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension in young adults.","volume":"141","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000195","article-title":"Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"77","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.2013.75.issue-1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the comparative effects of different classes of antihypertensive agents on brachial and central systolic blood pressure, and augmentation index.","volume":"75","author":"Manisty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"33","key":"jrv220017r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220017r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0123-4","article-title":"Optimal blood pressure targets for patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"42","author":"Sakima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv220017r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2167","article-title":"Effect of standard vs intensive blood pressure control on the risk of recurrent stroke: a randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis.","volume":"76","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15868","article-title":"Effects of intensive systolic blood pressure control on all-cause hospitalizations.","volume":"76","author":"Rocco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14647","article-title":"The evidence for the universal blood pressure goal of &lt;130\/80 mm Hg is strong: controversies in hypertension\u2014pro side of the argument.","volume":"76","author":"Carey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.2337\/dci17-0026","article-title":"Diabetes and hypertension: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association.","volume":"40","author":"de Boer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-ad09a","article-title":"10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021.","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3S","key":"jrv220017r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.11.003","article-title":"KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"99","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Blood Pressure Work Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv220017r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.008","article-title":"Prevention and control of hypertension: JACC health promotion series.","volume":"72","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220017r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318083","article-title":"Guideline-driven management of hypertension: an evidence-based update.","volume":"128","author":"Carey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv220017r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008658","article-title":"Number of measurements needed to obtain a reliable estimate of home blood pressure: results from the Improving the Detection of Hypertension Study.","volume":"7","author":"Bello","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","article-title":"Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"73","author":"Muntner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15873","article-title":"Evidence and recommendations on the use of telemedicine for the management of arterial hypertension: an international expert position paper.","volume":"76","author":"Omboni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220017r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313220","article-title":"Adherence in hypertension.","volume":"124","author":"Burnier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10305","key":"jrv220017r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01922-X","article-title":"Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial.","volume":"398","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000103632.19915.0E","article-title":"Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability.","volume":"43","author":"Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.190637","article-title":"Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships for hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and bendroflumethiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and urate.","volume":"59","author":"Peterzan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220017r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.05.023","article-title":"Antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone combined with azilsartan medoxomil.","volume":"125","author":"Bakris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220017r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv050","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of thiazide-like diuretics: a meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000084","article-title":"Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement of the American Heart Association.","volume":"72","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220017r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16418","article-title":"Hypertension control in the United States 2009 to 2018: factors underlying falling control rates during 2015 to 2018 across age- and race-ethnicity groups.","volume":"78","author":"Egan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000228","article-title":"Social determinants of risk and outcomes for cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"132","author":"Havranek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220017r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab011","article-title":"Associations between social determinants and hypertension, stage 2 hypertension, and controlled blood pressure among men and women in the United States.","volume":"34","author":"Commodore-Mensah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220017r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.2019.42.issue-1","article-title":"Where we live: the impact of neighborhoods and community factors on cardiovascular health in the United States.","volume":"42","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv220017r90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv296","article-title":"Neighborhood environments and incident hypertension in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.","volume":"183","author":"Kaiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv220017r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1717250","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial of blood-pressure reduction in Black barbershops.","volume":"378","author":"Victor","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv220017r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004691","article-title":"Cluster randomized clinical trial of FAITH (Faith-Based Approaches in the Treatment of Hypertension) in Blacks.","volume":"11","author":"Schoenthaler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220017r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1805","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"168","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220017r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13616","article-title":"National rates of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications among insured adults with hypertension, 2015.","volume":"74","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220017r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001402","article-title":"Routine urinary detection of antihypertensive drugs for systematic evaluation of adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients.","volume":"35","author":"Hamdidouche","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220017r97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000503","article-title":"Are two commonly used self-report questionnaires useful for identifying antihypertensive medication nonadherence?","volume":"33","author":"Gallagher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"15","key":"jrv220017r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312571","article-title":"Improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.","volume":"104","author":"Fuller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"jrv220017r3","author":"Ostchega","year":"2020"},{"key":"jrv220017r10","author":"Fryar","year":"2020"},{"key":"jrv220017r83","author":"Keisler-Starkey","year":"2021"},{"key":"jrv220017r46","unstructured":"American College of Cardiology. ASCVD risk estimator plus. Accessed February 7, 2022. https:\/\/tools.acc.org\/ascvd-risk-estimator-plus\/#!\/calculate\/estimate\/"},{"key":"jrv220017r59","unstructured":"DailyMed. National Library of Medicine. Accessed January 15, 2022. http:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/index.cfm"},{"key":"jrv220017r81","unstructured":"HEARTS in the Americas: blood pressure measurement. PAHO. Accessed April 11, 2022. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/hearts-americas\/hearts-americas-blood-pressure-measurement"},{"key":"jrv220017r82","unstructured":"US blood pressure validated device listing. Accessed April 13, 2022. https:\/\/www.validatebp.org\/"},{"key":"jrv220017r84","unstructured":"Healthy People 2020: access to health services. US Department of Health and Human Services. Updated December 28, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/healthy_people\/hp2020.htmhttps:\/\/www.healthypeople.gov\/2020\/leading-health-indicators\/2020-lhi-topics\/Access-to-Health-Services\/data - primary-care"},{"key":"jrv220017r86","unstructured":"The surgeon general\u2019s Call to Action to Control Hypertension. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published 2020. Updated October 22, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bloodpressure\/CTA.htm"},{"key":"jrv220017r94","unstructured":"Heart disease and stroke prevention: team-based care to improve blood pressure control. The Community Guide. Updated December 22, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022. https:\/\/www.thecommunityguide.org\/findings\/heart-disease-stroke-prevention-team-based-care-improve-blood-pressure-control?ACSTrackingID=USCDCCG_25-DM71244&ACSTrackingLabel=Team-based%20Care%20Improves%20Blood%20Pressure%20Control%20and%20is%20Cost-effective&deliveryName=USCDCCG_25-DM71244"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2798165\/jama_carey_2022_rv_220017_1667495575.46444.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:23:54Z","timestamp":1667906634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2798165"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.19590","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]}}}