{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:58:28Z","timestamp":1793134708008,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220009-1\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and basilar (carpometacarpal) joint arthritis of the thumb can be associated with significant disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220009-2\"><jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by numbness and tingling in the thumb and the index, middle, and radial ring fingers and by weakness of thumb opposition when severe. It is more common in women and people who are obese, have diabetes, and work in occupations involving use of keyboards, computer mouse, heavy machinery, or vibrating manual tools. The Durkan physical examination maneuver, consisting of firm digital pressure across the carpal tunnel to reproduce symptoms, is 64% sensitive and 83% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. People with suspected proximal compression or other compressive neuropathies should undergo electrodiagnostic testing, which is approximately more than 80% sensitive and 95% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Splinting or steroid injection may temporarily relieve symptoms. Patients who do not respond to conservative therapies may undergo open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release for definitive treatment. Trigger finger, which involves abnormal resistance to smooth flexion and extension (\u201ctriggering\u201d) of the affected finger, affects up to 20% of adults with diabetes and approximately 2% of the general population. Steroid injection is the first-line therapy but is less efficacious in people with insulin-dependent diabetes. People with diabetes and those with recurrent symptoms may benefit from early surgical release. de Quervain tenosynovitis, consisting of swelling of the extensor tendons at the wrist, is more common in women than in men. People with frequent mobile phone use are at increased risk. The median age of onset is 40 to 59 years. Steroid injections relieve symptoms in approximately 72% of patients, particularly when combined with immobilization. People with recurrent symptoms may be considered for surgical release of the first dorsal extensor compartment. Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis affects approximately 33% of postmenopausal women, according to radiographic evidence of carpometacarpal arthritis. Approximately 20% of patients require treatment for pain and disability. Nonsurgical interventions (immobilization, steroid injection, and pain medication) relieve pain but do not alter disease progression. Surgery may be appropriate for patients unresponsive to conservative treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv220009-3\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can be associated with significant disability. First-line treatment for each condition consists of steroid injection, immobilization, or both. For patients who do not respond to noninvasive therapy or for progressive disease despite conservative therapy, surgical treatment is safe and effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.8481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T18:27:16Z","timestamp":1656440836000},"page":"2434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Common Hand Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Kelly Bettina","family":"Currie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashyap Komarraju","family":"Tadisina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3351","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: pooled analysis of six prospective studies.","volume":"39","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population.","volume":"282","author":"Atroshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220009r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00201-8","article-title":"An evaluation of gender, obesity, age and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome.","volume":"113","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000080","article-title":"Is carpal tunnel syndrome related to computer exposure at work? a review and meta-analysis.","volume":"56","author":"Mediouni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"jrv220009r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.12.037","article-title":"Computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis.","volume":"349","author":"Shiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220009r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260578","article-title":"Prevalence and predictive factors for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome by electrodiagnosis: a retrospective study.","volume":"16","author":"Singjam","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2004.02.015","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review.","volume":"17","author":"MacDermid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.12.046","article-title":"Trends in carpal tunnel surgery: an online survey of members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.","volume":"40","author":"Munns","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220009r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122691","article-title":"Electrodiagnostic studies in the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome\u2014a systematic review.","volume":"10","author":"Osiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.09.007","article-title":"Applying evidence to inform carpal tunnel syndrome care.","volume":"46","author":"Giladi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.489","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"99","author":"Torres-Costoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220009r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009899","article-title":"Exercise and mobilisation interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome.","author":"Page","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220009r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010003","article-title":"Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome.","author":"Page","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009601.pub2","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound for carpal tunnel syndrome.","author":"Page","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv220009r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011215.pub2","article-title":"Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"jrv220009r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012765","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome.","volume":"8","author":"Rankin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"jrv220009r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.03.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of oral pain medication and corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review.","volume":"99","author":"Huisstede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv220009r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.30753","article-title":"Extended follow-up of local steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"4","author":"Hofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89898-7","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718787892","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term and long-term effects of surgery and nonsurgical intervention in treating carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001552.pub2","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome.","author":"Verdugo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.01.003","article-title":"Does diabetes mellitus change the carpal tunnel release outcomes? evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"33","author":"Moradi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603200","article-title":"Open carpal tunnel release outcomes: performed wide awake versus with sedation.","volume":"9","author":"Tulipan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858","article-title":"Endoscopic release for carpal tunnel syndrome.","author":"Vasiliadis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03306-1","article-title":"Open versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1626690","article-title":"Finkelstein\u2019s test is superior to Eichhoff\u2019s test in the investigation of de Quervain\u2019s disease.","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220009r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200407000-00013","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: prevalence and associations with disability and mortality.","volume":"86","author":"Haara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413508714","article-title":"A prospective case-control study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the grind and traction-shift (subluxation-relocation) clinical tests in osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint.","volume":"39","author":"Choa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1424970","article-title":"Efficacy of corticosteroid injection for treatment of trigger finger: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.10.004","article-title":"Hand therapy versus corticosteroid injections in the treatment of de Quervain\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Cavaleri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.09.012","article-title":"Effectiveness of splinting for pain and function in people with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","volume":"27","author":"Buhler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.04.018","article-title":"de Quervain tenosynovitis: an evaluation of the epidemiology and utility of multiple injections using a national database.","volume":"47","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2015.09.015","article-title":"Complications of carpal tunnel release.","volume":"47","author":"Karl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSE.2007.06.002","article-title":"Histopathology of the A1 pulley in adult trigger fingers.","volume":"32","author":"Sbernardori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"8","key":"jrv220009r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.05.015","article-title":"Correlations between clinical presentations of adult trigger digits and histologic aspects of the A1 pulley.","volume":"34","author":"Drossos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.09.011","article-title":"Paediatric trigger finger: literature review and management algorithm.","volume":"64","author":"Schaverien","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.01.038","article-title":"Hand manifestations of diabetes mellitus.","volume":"33","author":"Fitzgibbons","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80068-1","article-title":"Dupuytren\u2019s disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, and diabetes mellitus.","volume":"20","author":"Chammas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-007-9012-1","article-title":"Trigger finger: etiology, evaluation, and treatment.","volume":"1","author":"Makkouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200703000-00006","article-title":"Corticosteroid injections in the treatment of trigger finger: a level I and II systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"Fleisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.O.00061","article-title":"Tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist: a critical analysis review.","volume":"4","author":"Blood","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409341103","article-title":"Trigger digits in diabetes: their incidence and characteristics.","volume":"35","author":"Koh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(96)00076-1","article-title":"Outcome of trigger finger treatment in diabetes.","volume":"11","author":"Stahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv220009r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130135","article-title":"Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for managing trigger finger: results from the European HANDGUIDE study.","volume":"94","author":"Huisstede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005617.pub2","article-title":"Corticosteroid injection for trigger finger in adults.","author":"Peters-Veluthamaningal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416682917","article-title":"Evidence-based management of adult trigger digits.","volume":"42","author":"Amirfeyz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170727-02","article-title":"A meta-analysis of corticosteroid injection for trigger digits among patients with diabetes.","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv220009r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.08.007","article-title":"Cost of immediate surgery versus non-operative treatment for trigger finger in diabetic patients.","volume":"41","author":"Luther","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009860.pub2","article-title":"Surgery for trigger finger.","volume":"2","author":"Fiorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220009r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2716-6","article-title":"Percutaneous release, open surgery, or corticosteroid injection, which is the best treatment method for trigger digits?","volume":"471","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9716-9","article-title":"Risk factors for complications of open trigger finger release.","volume":"10","author":"Everding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.07.001","article-title":"Finkelstein\u2019s test: a biomechanical analysis.","volume":"30","author":"Kutsumi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv220009r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v51:4","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb in the general population.","volume":"51","author":"Walker-Bone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220009r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000434409.32594.1b","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the work-related cause of de Quervain tenosynovitis: a critical appraisal of its recognition as an occupational disease.","volume":"132","author":"Stahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"jrv220009r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2021.102356","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use is associated with de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis symptomatology among young adults.","volume":"53","author":"Benites-Zapata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835520300029","article-title":"A review of de Quervain\u2019s stenosing tenovaginitis in the context of smartphone use.","volume":"25","author":"Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220009r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.08.006","article-title":"Physical modalities for the conservative treatment of wrist and hand\u2019s tenosynovitis: a systematic review.","volume":"50","author":"Ferrara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220009r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.21.00069","article-title":"Management of de Quervain tenosynovitis: a critical analysis review.","volume":"9","author":"Larsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"jrv220009r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001509010437","article-title":"The effectiveness of corticosteroid injection for de Quervain\u2019s stenosing tenosynovitis (DQST): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Rowland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.11.015","article-title":"Prospective randomized comparison of ultrasonography-guided and blind corticosteroid injection for de Quervain\u2019s disease.","volume":"106","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32084","article-title":"Comparison of nonsurgical treatment measures for de Quervain\u2019s disease of pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"27","author":"Avci","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv220009r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B7.31486","article-title":"Endoscopic versus open release in patients with de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis: a randomised trial.","volume":"95-B","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv220009r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0667-z","article-title":"Long-term results of surgical release of de Quervain\u2019s stenosing tenosynovitis.","volume":"33","author":"Scheller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv220009r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.v66.6","article-title":"Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: an analysis of Swedish health care.","volume":"66","author":"Moriatis Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2019.02.010","article-title":"Thumb basal joint arthritis.","volume":"46","author":"Pickrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv220009r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.09.005","article-title":"The diagnostic clinical value of thumb metacarpal grind, pressure-shear, flexion, and extension tests for carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.","volume":"32","author":"Sela","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220009r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081316","article-title":"Diclofenac sodium gel in patients with primary hand osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"36","author":"Altman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.06.012","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of orthoses for thumb osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"102","author":"Marotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv220009r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027507","article-title":"Injection therapy for base of thumb osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Riley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.11.029","article-title":"Evidence-based practice in the surgical treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis.","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"jrv220009r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03070-5","article-title":"Trapeziectomy versus joint replacement for first carpometacarpal (CMC 1) joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"Raj","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004631.pub4","article-title":"Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis.","author":"Wajon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"jrv220009r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835521500260","article-title":"Surgery for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis on efficacy and safety.","volume":"26","author":"Knightly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv220009r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717744341","article-title":"Risk factors for 30-day complications after thumb CMC joint arthroplasty: an American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program study.","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"jrv220009r1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Nerve Surgery","author":"Davidge","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2793654\/jama_currie_2022_rv_220009_1707750306.87387.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T15:30:30Z","timestamp":1707751830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2793654"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.8481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}