{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:59:08Z","timestamp":1793066348695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.9615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T04:30:39Z","timestamp":1655353839000},"page":"162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Acutely Ill Children Admitted to Pediatric Critical Care Units"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"328","author":[{"given":"Padmanabhan","family":"Ramnarayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin","family":"Richards-Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Drikite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Saull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella","family":"Orzechowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Darnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Sadique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"parent representative, Sussex, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyvonne N.","family":"Tume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, England"},{"name":"University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Feltbower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Grieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Mouncey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazima","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah K","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther S","family":"Daubney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayan","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jones","family":"Dawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O'Malley","family":"Laura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rad","family":"Laura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Coy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sheedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Bowerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Raeside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pardina","family":"Samson-Fessale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kribashnie","family":"Nundlall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Carungcong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aravind S","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mackerness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Daggert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Claydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Mulgrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L","family":"Pereira Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Belfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauran","family":"O'Neill Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Meghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Beech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiran","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saxena","family":"Rohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Klonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remy","family":"Toko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melony","family":"Bowdler-Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Sherris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshid","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armstrong","family":"Sonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hebbron","family":"Kerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szekeres","family":"Adele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avishay","family":"Sarfatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan Carlo","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Deep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bedangshu","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Neshat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sukhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Samm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benila","family":"Ravindranathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Zammit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meleika","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shagun","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Bowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivakumar","family":"Oruganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awen","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Saxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Fazackerley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Tagliavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Coutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Aramburo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Alcantara Gemmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tous Sampol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny C","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margrethe","family":"VanDijke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Pask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Bunni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton-Paul T","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Howlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V","family":"Pappachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Mellish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Gomes de Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maccacari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Ros Foguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca B","family":"Mitting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Inwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Darnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobia K","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy E","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nosheen","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Thorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Khatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sprinckmoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Koelewyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Milla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Parslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"joi220062r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0168CP","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury: similarity and differences between children and adults.","volume":"190","author":"Kneyber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi220062r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000387","article-title":"Evolution of noninvasive mechanical ventilation use: a cohort study among Italian PICUs.","volume":"16","author":"Wolfler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi220062r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0534","article-title":"Trends in the use of noninvasive and invasive ventilation for severe asthma.","volume":"146","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi220062r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-039115","article-title":"Trends in bronchiolitis ICU admissions and ventilation practices: 2010-2019.","volume":"147","author":"Pelletier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi220062r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2022.2049761","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula in the pediatric intensive care unit.","volume":"16","author":"Clayton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi220062r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002258","article-title":"Variation in practice related to the use of high flow nasal cannula in critically ill children.","volume":"21","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi220062r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001798","article-title":"Outcomes of children with bronchiolitis treated with high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.","volume":"20","author":"Clayton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi220062r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2177-5","article-title":"Reduced intubation rates for infants after introduction of high-flow nasal prong oxygen delivery.","volume":"37","author":"Schibler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi220062r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000844","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of high flow nasal oxygen for children with bronchiolitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Dafydd","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"joi220062r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.07.059","article-title":"Efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy or nasal continuous positive airway pressure in children with respiratory distress: a meta-analysis.","volume":"215","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi220062r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4920-z","article-title":"Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC).","volume":"43","author":"Kneyber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi220062r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2080-3","article-title":"First-Line Support for Assistance in Breathing in Children (FIRST-ABC): a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial of high-flow nasal cannula therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure in paediatric critical care.","volume":"22","author":"Ramnarayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi220062r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038002","article-title":"FIRST-Line Support for Assistance in Breathing in Children (FIRST-ABC): a master protocol of two randomised trials to evaluate the non-inferiority of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care.","volume":"10","author":"Richards-Belle","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"16","key":"joi220062r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.3367","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal cannula therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure following extubation on liberation from respiratory support in critically ill children: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"327","author":"Ramnarayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi220062r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1316","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0512","article-title":"Deferred consent for randomized controlled trials in emergency care settings.","volume":"136","author":"Harron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"joi220062r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008522","article-title":"How parents and practitioners experience research without prior consent (deferred consent) for emergency research involving children with life threatening conditions: a mixed method study.","volume":"5","author":"Woolfall","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi220062r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1314238","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannulae in very preterm infants after extubation.","volume":"370","author":"Manley","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi220062r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603694","article-title":"Nasal high-flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants.","volume":"375","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi220062r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4617-8","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for the initial respiratory management of acute viral bronchiolitis in young infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (TRAMONTANE study).","volume":"43","author":"Mil\u00e9si","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi220062r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200501000-00019","article-title":"The COMFORT Behavior Scale: a tool for assessing pain and sedation in infants.","volume":"105","author":"van Dijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi220062r23","first-page":"187","article-title":"The Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.","volume":"18","author":"Carter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Matern Child Nurs J"},{"issue":"23","key":"joi220062r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6645","article-title":"Noninferiority trials: is a new treatment almost as effective as another?","volume":"313","author":"Kaji","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi220062r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709656","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula versus continuous positive airway pressure in critical bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled pilot.","volume":"9","author":"Cesar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Intensive Care"},{"issue":"9998","key":"joi220062r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60249-5","article-title":"Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh: an open, randomised controlled trial.","volume":"386","author":"Chisti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi220062r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_274_17","article-title":"Comparative study between noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure and hot humidified high-flow nasal cannulae as a mode of respiratory support in infants with acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.","volume":"22","author":"Sarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi220062r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03533-2","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in treatment of viral bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"179","author":"Vahlkvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi220062r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03409-0","article-title":"High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial.","volume":"24","author":"Cortegiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi220062r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1606193","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory support in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"10072","key":"joi220062r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30192-7","article-title":"High-flow oxygen therapy in acute bronchiolitis.","volume":"389","author":"Cunningham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi220062r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714855","article-title":"A randomized trial of high-flow oxygen therapy in infants with bronchiolitis.","volume":"378","author":"Franklin","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"joi220062r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi220062r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0028","article-title":"Effect of noninvasive respiratory strategies on intubation or mortality among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and COVID-19: the RECOVERY-RS randomized clinical trial.","volume":"327","author":"Perkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi220062r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0172OC","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of eligible nonenrolled patients in a mechanical ventilation trial of acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"192","author":"Arabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"joi220062r1","author":"Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet)","year":"2020"},{"key":"joi220062r16","unstructured":"PRECIS-2. First-Line Support for Assistance in Breathing in Children (FIRST-ABC): a master protocol of two randomised trials to evaluate the non-inferiority of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care. Accessed December 11, 2021. https:\/\/www.precis-2.org\/Trials\/Details\/10688"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2793546\/jama_ramnarayan_2022_oi_220062_1656698536.48969.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T11:34:56Z","timestamp":1657625696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2793546"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.9615","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742197163.793597343","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}}}