{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:35:04Z","timestamp":1788226504381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While population-level data suggest Rh immunoglobulin is unnecessary before 12 weeks\u2019 gestation, clinical evidence is limited. Thus, guidelines vary, creating confusion surrounding risks and benefits of Rh testing and treatment. As abortion care in traditional clinical settings becomes harder to access, many people are choosing to self-manage and need to know if ancillary blood type testing is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine how frequently maternal exposure to fetal red blood cells (fRBCs) exceeds the most conservative published threshold for Rh sensitization in induced first-trimester abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study using high-throughput flow cytometry to detect circulating fRBCs in paired maternal blood samples before and after induced first-trimester abortion (medication or procedural). Individuals undergoing induced first-trimester abortion before 12 weeks 0 days\u2019 gestation were included. Paired blood samples were available from 506 participants who underwent either medical (n\u2009=\u2009319 [63.0%]) or procedural (n\u2009=\u2009187 [37.0%]) abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induced first-trimester abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with fRBC counts above the sensitization threshold (125 fRBCs\/5 million total RBCs) after induced first-trimester abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 506 participants, the mean (SD) age was 27.4 (5.5) years, 313 (61.9%) were Black, and 123 (24.3%) were White. Three of the 506 participants had elevated fRBC counts at baseline; 1 of these patients had an elevated fRBC count following the abortion (0.2% [95% CI, 0%-0.93%]). No other participants had elevated fRBC counts above the sensitization threshold after induced first-trimester abortion. The median change from baseline was 0 fRBCs, with upper 95th and 99th percentiles of 24 and 35.6 fRBCs, respectively. Although there was a strong association between the preabortion and postabortion fRBC counts, no other baseline characteristic was significantly associated with postabortion fRBC count.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi230102-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induced first-trimester abortion is not a risk factor for Rh sensitization, indicating that Rh testing and treatment are unnecessary before 12 weeks\u2019 gestation. This evidence may be used to inform international guidelines for Rh immunoglobulin administration following first-trimester induced abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T11:01:25Z","timestamp":1695726085000},"page":"1167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Induced Abortion and the Risk of Rh Sensitization"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"330","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Horvath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Immunology Core, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 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