{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:07:08Z","timestamp":1793210828236,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-joi240002-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis is a leading cause of death among children worldwide. Current pediatric-specific criteria for sepsis were published in 2005 based on expert opinion. In 2016, the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, but it excluded children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi240002-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To update and evaluate criteria for sepsis and septic shock in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi240002-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened a task force of 35 pediatric experts in critical care, emergency medicine, infectious diseases, general pediatrics, nursing, public health, and neonatology from 6 continents. Using evidence from an international survey, systematic review and meta-analysis, and a new organ dysfunction score developed based on more than 3 million electronic health record encounters from 10 sites on 4 continents, a modified Delphi consensus process was employed to develop criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi240002-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on survey data, most pediatric clinicians used\n                      <jats:italic>sepsis<\/jats:italic>\n                      to refer to infection with life-threatening organ dysfunction, which differed from prior pediatric sepsis criteria that used systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, which have poor predictive properties, and included the redundant term,\n                      <jats:italic>severe sepsis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The SCCM task force recommends that sepsis in children be identified by a Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 points in children with suspected infection, which indicates potentially life-threatening dysfunction of the respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, and\/or neurological systems. Children with a Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 points had in-hospital mortality of 7.1% in higher-resource settings and 28.5% in lower-resource settings, more than 8 times that of children with suspected infection not meeting these criteria. Mortality was higher in children who had organ dysfunction in at least 1 of 4\u2014respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, and\/or neurological\u2014organ systems that was not the primary site of infection.\n                      <jats:italic>Septic shock<\/jats:italic>\n                      was defined as children with sepsis who had cardiovascular dysfunction, indicated by at least 1 cardiovascular point in the Phoenix Sepsis Score, which included severe hypotension for age, blood lactate exceeding 5 mmol\/L, or need for vasoactive medication. Children with septic shock had an in-hospital mortality rate of 10.8% and 33.5% in higher- and lower-resource settings, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-joi240002-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Phoenix sepsis criteria for sepsis and septic shock in children were derived and validated by the international SCCM Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force using a large international database and survey, systematic review and meta-analysis, and modified Delphi consensus approach. A Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 identified potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction in children younger than 18 years with infection, and its use has the potential to improve clinical care, epidemiological assessment, and research in pediatric sepsis and septic shock around the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T13:30:40Z","timestamp":1705843840000},"page":"665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":604,"title":["International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"331","author":[{"given":"Luregn J.","family":"Schlapbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children\u2019s Research Center, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Scott","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle"},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute and Pediatric Critical Care, Seattle Children\u2019s, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Sorce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Argent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusum","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Akech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)\u2013Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Bioengineering, Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Alpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran","family":"Balamuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Bembea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Biban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enitan D.","family":"Carrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Chiotos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammod Jobayer","family":"Chisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Dhaka Hospital, Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"DeWitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Flauzino de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMIB\u2013Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"LASI\u2013Latin American Institute of Sepsis, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Inwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ishimine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Camilo","family":"Jaramillo-Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PICU Hospital General de Medell\u00edn \u201cLuz Castro de Guti\u00e9rrez\u201d and Hospital Pablo Tob\u00f3n Uribe, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"},{"name":"Red Colaborativa Pedi\u00e1trica de Latinoam\u00e9rica (LARed Network)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, St Mary\u2019s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Pediatrics (Division of Critical Care Medicine), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"},{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Nadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, St Mary\u2019s Hospital, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne G.","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Ranjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Apollo Children\u2019s Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret N.","family":"Rebull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halden F.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Carla","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LASI\u2013Latin American Institute of Sepsis, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (PICU), Hospital Universitario of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (PICU), Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Tissieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children\u2019s Health, Wilmington, Delaware"},{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew O.","family":"Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada and Walimu, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjan","family":"Kissoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry J.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle"},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute and Pediatric Critical Care, Seattle Children\u2019s, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Nelson","family":"Sanchez-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health & Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tellen D.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Pediatrics (Division of Critical Care Medicine), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Bubeck Wardenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10219","key":"joi240002r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi240002r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004122","article-title":"Critical illness factors associated with long-term mortality and health-related quality of life morbidity following community-acquired pediatric septic shock.","volume":"48","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi240002r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3554","article-title":"New and progressive medical conditions after pediatric sepsis hospitalization requiring critical care.","volume":"176","author":"Carlton","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi240002r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.2570","article-title":"Cost of pediatric severe sepsis hospitalizations.","volume":"173","author":"Carlton","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240002r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00341-2","article-title":"Challenges and health-care priorities for reducing the burden of paediatric sepsis in Latin America: a call to action.","volume":"6","author":"Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240002r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1707170","article-title":"Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority\u2014a WHO resolution.","volume":"377","author":"Reinhart","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi240002r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e625","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001340","article-title":"Sepsis in children: global implications of the World Health Assembly resolution on sepsis.","volume":"18","author":"Kissoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6","article-title":"International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics.","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240002r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000164344.07588.83","article-title":"Values for systolic blood pressure.","volume":"6","author":"Gebara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240002r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B","article-title":"2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference.","volume":"31","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240002r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0288","article-title":"Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3).","volume":"315","author":"Seymour","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240002r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3).","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240002r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0289","article-title":"Developing a new definition and assessing new clinical criteria for septic shock: for the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3).","volume":"315","author":"Shankar-Hari","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71003-5","article-title":"Mortality related to invasive infections, sepsis, and septic shock in critically ill children in Australia and New Zealand, 2002-13: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.","volume":"15","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240002r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-682OC","article-title":"The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States.","volume":"167","author":"Watson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi240002r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00286-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of sepsis in paediatric intensive care units in Brazil (the Sepsis PREvalence Assessment Database in Pediatric population, SPREAD PED): an observational study.","volume":"5","author":"de Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi240002r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2323OC","article-title":"Global epidemiology of pediatric severe sepsis: the sepsis prevalence, outcomes, and therapies study.","volume":"191","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240002r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.2015.22.issue-4","article-title":"The prevalence and diagnostic utility of systemic inflammatory response syndrome vital signs in a pediatric emergency department.","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240002r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-5021-8","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit.","volume":"44","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1055-x","article-title":"Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study.","volume":"19","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240002r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000708","article-title":"Application of sepsis definitions to pediatric patients admitted with suspected infections in Uganda.","volume":"17","author":"Wiens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi240002r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003263","article-title":"Operationalizing appropriate sepsis definitions in children worldwide: considerations for the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.","volume":"24","author":"Carrol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi240002r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e122","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001864","article-title":"Comparison of International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference versus Sepsis-3 definitions for children presenting with septic shock to a tertiary care center in India: a retrospective study.","volume":"20","author":"Sankar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi240002r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20328","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of the SOFA Score, SIRS Criteria, and qSOFA score for in-hospital mortality among adults with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit.","volume":"317","author":"Raith","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"joi240002r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.037","article-title":"Sepsis 3 from the perspective of clinicians and quality improvement initiatives.","volume":"40","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052888D","article-title":"Scoring systems for organ dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction: the PODIUM Consensus Conference.","volume":"149","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi240002r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828a2bbd","article-title":"PELOD-2: an update of the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score.","volume":"41","author":"Leteurtre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi240002r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2352","article-title":"Adaptation and validation of a pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and evaluation of the Sepsis-3 definitions in critically ill children.","volume":"171","author":"Matics","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052888B","article-title":"Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate (PODIUM) contemporary organ dysfunction criteria: executive summary.","volume":"149","author":"Bembea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"joi240002r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003388","article-title":"Organ dysfunction in children with blood culture-proven sepsis: comparative performance of four scores in a national cohort study.","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi240002r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.1301","article-title":"Validation of the pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score and evaluation of Third International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock definitions in the pediatric emergency department.","volume":"176","author":"Balamuth","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi240002r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.1302","article-title":"Guidance for modifying the definition of diseases: a checklist.","volume":"177","author":"Doust","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi240002r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052565","article-title":"The current and future state of pediatric sepsis definitions: an international survey.","volume":"149","author":"Morin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005294","article-title":"Criteria for pediatric sepsis\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.","volume":"50","author":"Menon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi240002r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000123","article-title":"Pediatric sepsis definition\u2014a systematic review protocol by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.","volume":"2","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"joi240002r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0196","article-title":"Development and validation of the Phoenix criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock.","author":"Sanchez-Pinto","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0850-5","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis: need for consensus definition, collaboration and core outcomes.","volume":"88","author":"Molloy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240002r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000315","article-title":"Defining neonatal sepsis.","volume":"28","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240002r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.9071","article-title":"Association between the New York Sepsis Care Mandate and in-hospital mortality for pediatric sepsis.","volume":"320","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240002r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2204673","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in US health care delivery.","volume":"389","author":"Sahni","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"joi240002r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e686","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002418","article-title":"Severe acute kidney injury is associated with increased risk of death and new morbidity after pediatric septic shock.","volume":"21","author":"Starr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi240002r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074458","article-title":"Clinical decision support tools for paediatric sepsis in resource-poor settings: an international qualitative study.","volume":"13","author":"Jimenez-Zambrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"17","key":"joi240002r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16693","article-title":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s hospital sepsis program core elements.","volume":"330","author":"Prescott","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi240002r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.0340","article-title":"The importance of shifting sepsis quality measures from processes to outcomes.","volume":"329","author":"Klompas","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240002r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0174","article-title":"Reducing collateral damage from mandates for time to antibiotics in pediatric sepsis\u2014primum non nocere.","volume":"173","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240002r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052888C","article-title":"Refining the pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.","volume":"149","author":"Weiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"joi240002r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104394","article-title":"Sepsis biomarkers and diagnostic tools with a focus on machine learning.","volume":"86","author":"Komorowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240002r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9271","article-title":"Derivation and validation of novel phenotypes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill children.","volume":"3","author":"Sanchez-Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"20","key":"joi240002r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.5791","article-title":"Derivation, validation, and potential treatment implications of novel clinical phenotypes for sepsis.","volume":"321","author":"Seymour","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240002r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4701-8","article-title":"Prediction of pediatric sepsis mortality within 1 h of intensive care admission.","volume":"43","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2814297\/jama_schlapbach_2024_oi_240002_1711118634.86488.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T11:03:03Z","timestamp":1711364583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2814297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.0179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}}}