{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:07:42Z","timestamp":1793405262240,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240025-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes a tumor cell surface antigen and causes the T cell to kill the tumor cell. CAR T treatments improve overall survival for patients with large B-cell lymphoma and progression-free survival for patients with multiple myeloma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240025-2\">\n                    <jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six CAR T-cell products are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for 6 hematologic malignancies: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Compared with standard chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplant, CAR T cells improved 4-year overall survival in patients with large B-cell lymphoma (54.6% vs 46.0%). Patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieved durable remission after CAR T-cell therapy. At 3-year follow-up, 48% of patients were alive and relapse free. In people with multiple myeloma treated previously with 1 to 4 types of non\u2013CAR T-cell therapy, CAR T-cell therapy prolonged treatment-free remissions compared with standard treatments (in 1 trial, CAR T-cell therapy was associated with progression-free survival of 13.3 months compared with 4.4 months with standard therapy). CAR T-cell therapy is associated with reversible acute toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome in approximately 40% to 95% of patients, and neurologic disorders in approximately 15% to 65%. New CAR T-cell therapies in development aim to increase efficacy, decrease adverse effects, and treat other types of cancer. No CAR T-cell therapies are FDA approved for solid tumors, but recently, 2 other T lymphocyte\u2013based treatments gained approvals: 1 for melanoma and 1 for synovial cell sarcoma. Additional cellular therapies have attained responses for certain solid tumors, including pediatric neuroblastoma, synovial cell sarcoma, melanoma, and human papillomavirus\u2013associated cancers. A common adverse effect occurring with these T lymphocyte\u2013based therapies is capillary leak syndrome, which is characterized by fluid retention, pulmonary edema, and kidney dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240025-3\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAR T-cell therapy is an FDA-approved therapy that has improved progression-free survival for multiple myeloma, improved overall survival for large B-cell lymphoma, and attained high rates of cancer remission for other hematologic malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Recently approved T lymphocyte\u2013based therapies demonstrated the potential for improved outcomes in solid tumor malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.19462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T11:00:54Z","timestamp":1730718054000},"page":"1924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":396,"title":["CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"332","author":[{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Brudno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela V.","family":"Maus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian 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