{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:56:20Z","timestamp":1789606580274,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal screening frequency and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) technique to liberate adults from ventilators are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effects of screening frequency (once-daily screening vs more frequent screening) and SBT technique (pressure-supported SBT with a pressure support level that was &amp;amp;gt;0-\u22648 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and a positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] level that was &amp;amp;gt;0-\u22645 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O vs T-piece SBT) on the time to successful extubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized clinical trial with a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design including critically ill adults who were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours, who were capable of initiating spontaneous breaths or triggering ventilators, and who were receiving a fractional concentration of inspired oxygen that was 70% or less and a PEEP level of 12 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O or less. Recruitment was between January 2018 and February 2022 at 23 intensive care units in North America; last follow-up occurred October 18, 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were enrolled early to enable protocolized screening (more frequent vs once daily) to identify the earliest that patients met criteria to undergo pressure-supported or T-piece SBT lasting 30 to 120 minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time to successful extubation (time when unsupported, spontaneous breathing began and was sustained for \u226548 hours after extubation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 797 patients (198 in the once-daily screening and pressure-supported SBT group, 204 in once-daily screening and T-piece SBT, 195 in more frequent screening and pressure-supported SBT, and 200 in more frequent screening and T-piece SBT), the mean age was 62.4 (SD, 18.4) years and 472 (59.2%) were men. There were no statistically significant differences by screening frequency (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.76-1.03]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.12) or by SBT technique (HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.91-1.23]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.45). The median time to successful extubation was 2.0 days (95% CI, 1.7-2.7) for once-daily screening and pressure-supported SBT, 3.1 days (95% CI, 2.7-4.8) for once-daily screening and T-piece SBT, 3.9 days (95% CI, 2.9-4.7) for more frequent screening and pressure-supported SBT, and 2.9 days (95% CI, 2.0-3.1) for more frequent screening and T-piece SBT. An unexpected interaction between screening frequency and SBT technique required pairwise contrasts that revealed more frequent screening (vs once-daily screening) and pressure-supported SBT increased the time to successful extubation (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50-0.96]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). Once-daily screening and pressure-supported SBT (vs T-piece SBT) did not reduce the time to successful extubation (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.98-1.70]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.08).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among critically ill adults who received invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, screening frequency (once-daily vs more frequent screening) and SBT technique (pressure-supported vs T-piece SBT) did not change the time to successful extubation. However, an unexpected and statistically significant interaction was identified; protocolized more frequent screening combined with pressure-supported SBTs increased the time to first successful extubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02399267?id=NCT02399267&amp;amp;amp;rank=1\">NCT02399267<\/jats:ext-link> and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02969226?id=NCT02969226&amp;amp;amp;rank=1\">NCT02969226<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.20631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:31:07Z","timestamp":1728477067000},"page":"1808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"332","author":[{"given":"Karen E. A.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Lafreniere-Roula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Seely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Dodek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine and Center for Advancing Health Outcomes, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged","family":"Tanios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine"},{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care, Memorial Care, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Piraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Gouskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Family Advisory Committee of the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Technique Trial, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Kiedrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Family Advisory Committee of the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Technique Trial, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Family Advisory Committee of the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Technique Trial, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Family Advisory Committee of the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Technique Trial, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Merner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Family Advisory Committee of the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Technique Trial, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mayette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"D\u2019Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Lamontagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Rochwerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying Tung","family":"Sia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux Rivi\u00e8res de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du Qu\u00e9bec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Charbonney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Aslanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard J.","family":"Criner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Hyzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy R.","family":"Beitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias Baedorf","family":"Kassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrios James","family":"Kutsogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen O.","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Liebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhi","family":"Iyer-Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Niagara Health Knowledge Institute, Niagara Health, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Cirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St Joseph\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Shanholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Canadian Critical Care Trials Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Dawdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zana","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyan","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imrana","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurtis","family":"Salway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hodder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivianne","family":"Severdija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Medvetskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Michaels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanthi","family":"Kavikondala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Watpool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Porteous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Montroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Miezitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Bastianon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Rawjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Nesom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigette","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Leclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Masse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joannie","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Pier","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Carbonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Belisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maril\u00e8ne","family":"Ladouceur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Grondin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"France","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neala","family":"Hoad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Karachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Millen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Naud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Faucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Bellefeuille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle Tapps","family":"Tapps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mylena","family":"Laplante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Mailloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Durocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Lebrasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Cantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dounia","family":"Boumahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatna Benettaib","family":"Benettaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghamraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Salam\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine-Candy","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bellemare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joannie","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Boulanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Cloutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Costerousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Couillard-Ch\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Daigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Francoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Guilbault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Lauzier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shany","family":"Rodrigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"St. Hilaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"St. Onge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrica","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayne","family":"Hewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Alcuaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Draga","family":"Jichici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Camargo-Penuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony (TJ)","family":"Fuagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Kersker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Martinez Guasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Paz Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Peters-Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Blank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Cosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arin","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedrik","family":"De La Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhra","family":"Srivastava-Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheril","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Shore-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Victor","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Weirauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmaine","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Goodspeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"(Dwyer) Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Toksoz-Exley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Capers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"De Souza Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carese","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kolesnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Deeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"9749","key":"joi240116r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60446-1","article-title":"Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults.","volume":"376","author":"Adhikari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi240116r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000155992.21174.31","article-title":"Projected incidence of mechanical ventilation in Ontario to 2026: preparing for the aging baby boomers.","volume":"33","author":"Needham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240116r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.4.1188","article-title":"Modes of mechanical ventilation and weaning: a national survey of Spanish hospitals.","volume":"106","author":"Esteban","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi240116r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.6_suppl.375S","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine.","volume":"120","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"25","key":"joi240116r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612193352502","article-title":"Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously.","volume":"335","author":"Ely","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240116r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199704000-00004","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"25","author":"Kollef","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240116r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.459","article-title":"Protocol weaning of mechanical ventilation in medical and surgical patients by respiratory care practitioners and nurses: effect on weaning time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.","volume":"118","author":"Marelich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"joi240116r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.9610109","article-title":"Extubation outcome after spontaneous-breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation.","volume":"156","author":"Esteban","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"joi240116r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209041","article-title":"Spontaneous-breathing trials with pressure-support ventilation or a T-piece.","volume":"387","author":"Thille","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi240116r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7234","article-title":"Effect of pressure support vs T-piece ventilation strategies during spontaneous breathing trials on successful extubation among patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"321","author":"Subir\u00e0","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"joi240116r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006904.pub3","article-title":"Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients.","volume":"11","author":"Blackwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240116r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201705-410OC","article-title":"International practice variation in weaning critically ill adults from invasive mechanical ventilation.","volume":"15","author":"Burns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240116r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202008-968OC","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation discontinuation practices in Asia: a multinational survey.","volume":"18","author":"Leung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi240116r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2384","article-title":"Ventilator weaning and discontinuation practices for critically ill patients.","volume":"325","author":"Burns","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi240116r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.06.028","article-title":"Patient and family engagement in designing and implementing a weaning trial: a novel research paradigm in critical care.","volume":"152","author":"Burns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"joi240116r16","first-page":"284","article-title":"Frequency of screening and \u2018spontaneous-breathing trial\u2019 technique study (the FAST trial): design of a multicentre, pilot, factorial randomized controlled trial.","volume":"6","author":"Burns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240116r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3641-8","article-title":"Frequency of screening and SBT technique trial\u2013North American Weaning Collaboration (FAST-NAWC): a protocol for a multicenter, factorial randomized trial.","volume":"20","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"21","key":"joi240116r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19793","article-title":"Reporting of factorial randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement.","volume":"330","author":"Kahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240116r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials.","volume":"63","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi240116r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003722","article-title":"Frequency of screening for weaning from mechanical ventilation: two contemporaneous proof-of-principle randomized controlled trials.","volume":"47","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7872","key":"joi240116r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale.","volume":"2","author":"Teasdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240116r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00010206","article-title":"Weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"29","author":"Boles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"21","key":"joi240116r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105233242101","article-title":"A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"324","author":"Yang","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240116r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.56794","article-title":"Spontaneous breathing trial techniques for extubating adults and children who are critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Burns","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240116r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09925","article-title":"Epidemiology of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in subjects with COVID-19.","volume":"68","author":"Dorado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240116r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9803106","article-title":"Effect of spontaneous breathing trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation.","volume":"159","author":"Esteban","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi240116r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1026OC","article-title":"Wean earlier and automatically with new technology (the WEAN study): a multicenter, pilot randomized controlled trial.","volume":"187","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi240116r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-445OC","article-title":"Stakeholder engagement in trial design: survey of visitors to critically ill patients regarding preferences for outcomes and treatment options during weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"13","author":"Burns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi240116r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","article-title":"Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L).","volume":"20","author":"Herdman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240116r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07079-5","article-title":"Frequency of screening and SBT technique trial\u2013North American Weaning Collaboration (FAST-NAWC): an update to the protocol and statistical analysis plan.","volume":"24","author":"Burns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi240116r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1780OC","article-title":"A multicenter randomized trial of computer-driven protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"174","author":"Lellouche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240116r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01825.x","article-title":"Accuracy of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring in clinical practice.","volume":"53","author":"Tallgren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi240116r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation.","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi240116r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E95","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130639","article-title":"Association between frailty and short- and long-term outcomes among critically ill patients: a multicentre prospective cohort study.","volume":"186","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"joi240116r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.01.038","article-title":"Physiological effects of reconnection to the ventilator for 1 hour following a successful spontaneous breathing trial.","volume":"29","author":"Coudroy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"joi240116r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201607-1338OC","article-title":"Effort to breathe with various spontaneous breathing trial techniques: a physiologic meta-analysis.","volume":"195","author":"Sklar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi240116r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.036","article-title":"Liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults: an official American College of Chest Physicians\/American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: inspiratory pressure augmentation during spontaneous breathing trials, protocols minimizing sedation, and noninvasive ventilation immediately after extubation.","volume":"151","author":"Ouellette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2061","key":"joi240116r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n2061","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance.","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"joi240116r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2545","article-title":"Analysis and reporting of factorial design trials: a systematic review.","volume":"289","author":"McAlister","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"32","key":"joi240116r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E901","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the instrument to assess the credibility of effect modification analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.","volume":"192","author":"Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"joi240116r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis","author":"Harrell","year":"2015"},{"key":"joi240116r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1586-3_5","volume-title":"Basic Study Designs in Fundamentals of Clinical Trials","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"joi240116r30","unstructured":"Lawton? MP, Brody? EM. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Accessed March 28, 2024. https:\/\/championsforhealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/instrumental-activities-of-daily-living.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2824928\/jama_burns_2024_oi_240116_1732230501.35635.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T16:07:58Z","timestamp":1733242078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2824928"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.20631","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}}}