{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:22:56Z","timestamp":1793323376942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n New data and new antiretroviral drugs and formulations continue to become available for the prevention and management of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To provide updated recommendations for HIV treatment and clinical management and HIV prevention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A panel of volunteer expert physician scientists were appointed to provide updated consensus recommendations for 2024. Relevant evidence in the literature since the last report was identified from PubMed and Embase searches (which initially yielded 3998 unique citations, of which 249 were considered relevant); from ongoing monitoring of the literature by the panel members; from data submitted by product manufacturers; and from studies presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences between June 2022 and October 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n Antiretroviral therapy continues to be recommended for all individuals with HIV. For most people with HIV, initial regimens composed of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI), specifically bictegravir or dolutegravir, with 2 (and in some cases 1) nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are recommended. Recommendations are made for those with particular clinical circumstances, such as pregnancy and active opportunistic diseases, as well as for those unable to take InSTIs. Regimens may need to be changed for virologic failure, adverse effects, convenience, or cost, among other reasons. Long-acting injectable therapy is available for those who prefer not to take daily oral medications and for people struggling with adherence to daily therapy. Recommendations are provided for laboratory monitoring, management of substance use disorders and weight changes, as well as use of statins for cardiovascular disease prevention. For HIV prevention, oral (daily or intermittent) and injectable long-acting medications are effective options for people at increased likelihood of HIV exposure. Further, new tools for maintaining health and well-being among people with HIV, such as doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to avert sexually transmitted infection, and strategies to treat substance use disorders, are recommended. Disparities in HIV acquisition and care access are discussed and solutions proposed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n New approaches for treating and preventing HIV offer additional tools to help end the HIV epidemic, but achieving this goal depends on addressing disparities and inequities in access to care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:30:57Z","timestamp":1733052657000},"page":"609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society\u2013USA Panel"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"333","author":[{"given":"Rajesh T.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael J.","family":"Landovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Sax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davey M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huldrych F.","family":"G\u00fcnthard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Zurich and Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thacker & Thompson, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Bedimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance A.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"},{"name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda E.","family":"Crabtree-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n, Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen F.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph J.","family":"Eron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Hoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research, Cologne-Bonn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, Saint-Louis and Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospitals, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Antiviral Society\u2013USA (IAS-USA), San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"jsc240017r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-0065","article-title":"Mortality among persons entering HIV care compared with the general US population: an observational study.","volume":"174","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22246","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2022 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel.","volume":"329","author":"Gandhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"jsc240017r3","first-page":"1193","article-title":"The periodic health examination.","volume":"121","author":"Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination","year":"1979","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"jsc240017r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz068","article-title":"Rifampicin effect on intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide.","volume":"74","author":"Cerrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"15","key":"jsc240017r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5076","article-title":"Antiretroviral treatment of HIV\/AIDS during pregnancy.","volume":"329","author":"Eke","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"jsc240017r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200600","article-title":"Dolutegravir in pregnancy as compared with current HIV regimens in the United States.","volume":"387","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10281","key":"jsc240017r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00314-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2010\/VESTED): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.","volume":"397","author":"Lockman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003783","article-title":"A study of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV.","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"jsc240017r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae242","article-title":"Cabotegravir and rilpivirine long acting injectables in a pregnant woman living with HIV.","author":"van der Wekken-Pas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad122","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy not associated with higher cryptococcal meningitis mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus in high-income countries: an international collaborative cohort study.","volume":"77","author":"Ingle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"jsc240017r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e401","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30032-1","article-title":"Once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention in patients with HIV taking dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a phase 1\/2 trial.","volume":"7","author":"Dooley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r15","first-page":"35","article-title":"Simultaneous initiation in ART-naive PWH of DTG-based ART & 3HP maintains efficacious DTG levels [abstract 156].","volume":"32","author":"Weld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r16","first-page":"29","article-title":"DTG PK in people with HIV receiving daily 1HP for latent TB treatment (ACTG A5372) [abstract 78].","volume":"30","author":"Imperial","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"jsc240017r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25844","article-title":"Short-course daily isoniazid and rifapentine for latent tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV who received coformulated bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide.","volume":"24","author":"Liou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"jsc240017r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003128","article-title":"The shifting age distribution of people with HIV using antiretroviral therapy in the United States.","volume":"36","author":"Althoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"jsc240017r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25986","article-title":"Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France.","volume":"25","author":"Marty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e700","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00219-3","article-title":"Trends and risk of lung cancer among people living with HIV in the USA: a population-based registry linkage study.","volume":"9","author":"Haas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"3","key":"jsc240017r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00272-2","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in causes of death among adults with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America from 1996 to 2020: a collaboration of cohort studies.","volume":"11","author":"Trickey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae014","article-title":"Time trends in causes of death in people with HIV: insights from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.","volume":"79","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"jsc240017r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210005","article-title":"Second-line switch to dolutegravir for treatment of HIV infection.","volume":"388","author":"Ombajo","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"jsc240017r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e733","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00228-X","article-title":"HIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative cohort analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Loosli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"jsc240017r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae185","article-title":"Emergence of acquired dolutegravir resistance in treatment-experienced people with HIV in Lesotho.","author":"Tschumi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"jsc240017r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae261","article-title":"Virologic failure and drug resistance after programmatic switching to dolutegravir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in Malawi and Zambia.","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r33","first-page":"172","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of cabotegravir + rilpivirine vs standard of care oral regimens in the US [Abstract 623].","volume":"32","author":"Hsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00289-5","article-title":"Switch to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV in Africa (CARES): week 48 results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial.","volume":"24","author":"Kityo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae016","article-title":"Virological failure after switch to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injectable therapy: an in-depth analysis.","volume":"79","author":"van Welzen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad370","article-title":"Expanded multivariable models to assist patient selection for long-acting cabotegravir + rilpivirine treatment: clinical utility of a combination of patient, drug concentration, and viral factors associated with virologic failure.","volume":"77","author":"Orkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"jsc240017r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02611-1","article-title":"Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia.","volume":"29","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac762","article-title":"Virologic failure following low-level viremia and viral blips during antiretroviral therapy: results from a European Multicenter Cohort.","volume":"76","author":"Elvstam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"jsc240017r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2019.104255","article-title":"How relevant is the HIV low level viremia and how is its management changing in the era of modern ART? A large cohort analysis.","volume":"123","author":"Taramasso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"jsc240017r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000321","article-title":"The effect of raltegravir intensification on low-level residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"7","author":"Gandhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac492.1293","article-title":"Antiretroviral (ART) virologic suppression (VS) and patient reported outcomes (PROs) at 6 months in the clinical opportunities and management to exploit bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (B\/F\/TAF) an asynchronous connection key (COMEBACK) study.","volume":"9","author":"Roden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"jsc240017r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00092-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non-inferiority trial.","volume":"9","author":"Paton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"7","key":"jsc240017r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e436","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00089-4","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus boosted darunavir versus recommended standard-of-care antiretroviral regimens in people with HIV-1 for whom recommended first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy has failed (D2EFT): an open-label, randomised, phase 3b\/4 trial.","volume":"11","author":"D2EFT Study Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"19","key":"jsc240017r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115542","article-title":"Capsid inhibition with lenacapavir in multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection.","volume":"386","author":"Segal-Maurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"jsc240017r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0788","article-title":"Demonstration project of long-acting antiretroviral therapy in a diverse population of people with HIV.","volume":"176","author":"Gandhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae500","article-title":"48-week viral suppression rates in people with HIV starting long-acting CAB\/RPV with initial viremia.","author":"Hickey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"jsc240017r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2985","article-title":"Updated treatment recommendation on use of cabotegravir and rilpivirine for people with HIV from the IAS-USA guidelines panel.","volume":"331","author":"Sax","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r49","first-page":"57","article-title":"Long-acting injectable CAB\/RPV is superior to oral ART in PWH with adherence challenges: ACTG A5359 [abstract 212].","volume":"32","author":"Rana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850","article-title":"International Anal Neoplasia Society\u2019s consensus guidelines for anal cancer screening.","volume":"154","author":"Stier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"jsc240017r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae479","article-title":"Primary care guidance for providers of care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus: 2024 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.","author":"Horberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"jsc240017r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz999","article-title":"Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: risk factors in randomized comparative clinical trials.","volume":"71","author":"Sax","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"jsc240017r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003950","article-title":"Choice of antiretroviral therapy has low impact on weight gain.","volume":"38","author":"Drechsler","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad411","article-title":"Weight gain after HIV therapy initiation: pathophysiology and implications.","volume":"109","author":"Chandiwana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"jsc240017r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae449","article-title":"DEFINE: a prospective, randomized, phase 4 trial to assess a protease inhibitor-based regimen switch strategy to manage integrase inhibitor-related weight gain.","author":"Anderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"jsc240017r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac949","article-title":"Weight and metabolic changes after switching from tenofovir alafenamide\/emtricitabine (FTC)+dolutegravir (DTG), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\/FTC + DTG, and TDF\/FTC\/efavirenz to TDF\/lamivudine\/DTG.","volume":"76","author":"Bosch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jsc240017r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae189","article-title":"Weight, anthropometric and metabolic changes after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV.","volume":"79","author":"Damas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jsc240017r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae151","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists promote weight loss among people with HIV.","volume":"79","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"jsc240017r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003791","article-title":"Weight loss associated with semaglutide treatment among people with HIV.","volume":"38","author":"Haidar","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r61","first-page":"237","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on muscle structure and function in the SLIM liver study [abstract 617].","volume":"32","author":"Ditzenberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.111","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipohypertrophy.","volume":"10","author":"McComsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"jsc240017r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00150-5","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in people with HIV-associated lipohypertrophy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b single-centre clinical trial.","volume":"12","author":"Eckard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"jsc240017r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae228","article-title":"Trends in mortality in people with HIV from 1999 to 2020: a multi-cohort collaboration.","author":"Tusch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r65","first-page":"231","article-title":"Factors affecting risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among people with HIV in REPRIEVE [abstract 781].","volume":"32","author":"Zanni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r66","first-page":"231","article-title":"Performance of the ACC\/AHA polled cohort equations for risk prediction in the global RETRIEVE trial [abstract 782].","volume":"31","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jsc240017r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003373","article-title":"Recent abacavir use and incident cardiovascular disease in contemporary-treated people with HIV.","volume":"37","author":"Jaschinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"jsc240017r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00233-3","article-title":"Integrase strand-transfer inhibitor use and cardiovascular events in adults with HIV: an emulation of target trials in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration.","volume":"10","author":"Rein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"7","key":"jsc240017r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00094-7","article-title":"Associations between integrase strand-transfer inhibitors and cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: a multicentre prospective study from the RESPOND cohort consortium.","volume":"9","author":"Neesgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"5","key":"jsc240017r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad286","article-title":"Impact of integrase inhibitors on cardiovascular disease events in people with human immunodeficiency virus starting antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"77","author":"Surial","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"jsc240017r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304146","article-title":"Pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV infection.","volume":"389","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"jsc240017r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2400870","article-title":"Trial update of pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular events in HIV infection.","volume":"390","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jsc240017r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00328-4","article-title":"Associations between change in BMI and the risk of hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people receiving integrase strand-transfer inhibitors, tenofovir alafenamide, or both compared with other contemporary antiretroviral regimens: a multicentre, prospective observational study from the RESPOND consortium cohorts.","volume":"11","author":"Byonanebye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"3","key":"jsc240017r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae007","article-title":"Final 192-week efficacy and safety results of the ADVANCE trial, comparing 3 first-line antiretroviral regimens.","volume":"11","author":"Sokhela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"jsc240017r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101836","article-title":"Change in body weight and risk of hypertension after switching from efavirenz to dolutegravir in adults living with HIV: evidence from routine care in Johannesburg, South Africa.","volume":"57","author":"Brennan","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"jsc240017r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab537","article-title":"Assessment of obesity and cardiometabolic status by integrase inhibitor use in REPRIEVE: a propensity-weighted analysis of a multinational primary cardiovascular prevention cohort of people with human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"8","author":"Kileel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"jsc240017r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad297","article-title":"Incidence of hypertension and blood pressure changes in persons with human immunodeficiency virus at high risk for cardiovascular disease switching from boosted protease inhibitors to dolutegravir: a post-hoc analysis of the 96-week randomised NEAT-022 trial.","volume":"77","author":"Sempere","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"jsc240017r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.32968","article-title":"Use of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and incidence of hypertension and initiation of statins.","volume":"6","author":"Rivera","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001071","article-title":"Weight gain and incident diabetes among HIV-infected veterans initiating antiretroviral therapy compared with uninfected individuals.","volume":"73","author":"Herrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"jsc240017r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae406","article-title":"Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) related changes in BMI and risk of diabetes: a prospective study from the RESPOND cohort consortium.","author":"Rupasinghe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"jsc240017r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15836","article-title":"HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: a non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial.","volume":"117","author":"Korthuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"jsc240017r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03543-y","article-title":"Assessing the temporality between transitions onto opioid agonist therapy and engagement with antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-positive people who use opioids daily.","volume":"26","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"jsc240017r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-024-04279-1","article-title":"Factors influencing tobacco smoking and cessation among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Hoang","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"jsc240017r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108506","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) indication and uptake among people receiving buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder.","volume":"132","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"jsc240017r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109241","article-title":"Safer in care: a pandemic-tested model of integrated HIV\/OUD care.","volume":"231","author":"Eaton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"jsc240017r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08142-2","article-title":"Ending the HIV epidemic for persons who use drugs: the practical challenges of meeting people where they are.","volume":"38","author":"Springer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"jsc240017r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0464","article-title":"HIV preexposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate among cisgender women.","volume":"331","author":"Marrazzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad021","article-title":"Updating the adherence-response for oral emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis among cisgender women.","volume":"76","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r98","first-page":"170","article-title":"Model-based comparison of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics following thigh and gluteal infections [abstract 617].","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r99","first-page":"204","article-title":"Thigh infections of cabotegravir+rilpirivirine in virally suppressed adults with HIV-1 [abstract 519].","volume":"31","author":"Felizarta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2402088","article-title":"Features of HIV infection in the context of long-acting cabotegravir preexposure prophylaxis.","author":"Landovitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10337","key":"jsc240017r101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00538-4","article-title":"Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial.","volume":"399","author":"Delany-Moretlwe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"jsc240017r102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407001","article-title":"Twice-yearly lenacapavir or daily F\/TAF for HIV prevention in cisgender women.","author":"Bekker","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r104","first-page":"24","article-title":"Site-based HIV testing assay performance for cabotegravir and TDF-FTC PrEP failure in HPTN 083 [abstract 128].","volume":"32","author":"Landovitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r107","first-page":"37","article-title":"Updated efficacy, safety, and case studies in HPTN 083: CAB-LA vs TDF\/FTC for PrEP [abstract 96].","volume":"30","author":"Landovitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Antiv Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jsc240017r108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26252","article-title":"HPTN 083-02: factors influencing adherence to injectable PrEP and retention in an injectable PrEP study.","volume":"27","author":"Psaros","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07354-x","article-title":"Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing two linkage models for HIV prevention and treatment in justice-involved persons.","volume":"22","author":"Springer","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"jsc240017r110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934","article-title":"Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections.","volume":"388","author":"Luetkemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jsc240017r111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00236-6","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis and meningococcal group B vaccine to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France (ANRS 174 DOXYVAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design.","volume":"24","author":"Molina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"jsc240017r112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304007","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis to prevent sexually transmitted infections in women.","volume":"389","author":"Stewart","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10279","key":"jsc240017r114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00395-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of HIV in the USA: epidemic burden, inequities, contexts, and responses.","volume":"397","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r115","first-page":"49","article-title":"Trends in black-white disparities in HIV diagnosis: 2017-2021, United States [abstract 192].","volume":"32","author":"Dailey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jsc240017r116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920942623","article-title":"The epidemiology of HIV among people born outside the United States, 2010-2017.","volume":"135","author":"Kerani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"jsc240017r118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.11.2300445","article-title":"High proportion of post-migration HIV acquisition in migrant men who have sex with men receiving HIV care in the Paris region, and associations with social disadvantage and sexual behaviours: results of the ANRS-MIE GANYMEDE study, France, 2021 to 2022.","volume":"29","author":"Palich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac673","article-title":"Cabotegravir-global access to long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.","volume":"10","author":"Pepperrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"jsc240017r120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26259","article-title":"Uganda\u2019s Anti-Homosexuality Act undermines public health.","volume":"27","author":"Mujugira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"jsc240017r121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"o1206","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1206","article-title":"The US turns its back on women\u2019s reproductive rights.","volume":"377","author":"Gostin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10434","key":"jsc240017r122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00302-7","article-title":"Under threat: the International AIDS Society\u2013Lancet Commission on Health and Human Rights.","volume":"403","author":"Beyrer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"jsc240017r124","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of islatravir on total lymphocytes and lymphocyte subset counts [abstract 192].","volume":"31","author":"Squires","year":"2023","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r125","first-page":"56","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of weekly islatravir plus lenacapavir in PWH at 24 weeks: a phase II study [abstract 208].","volume":"32","author":"Colson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"jsc240017r126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00293-X","article-title":"Safety of teropavimab and zinlirvimab with lenacapavir once every 6 months for HIV treatment: a phase 1b, randomised, proof-of-concept study.","volume":"11","author":"Eron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r127","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lenacapavir plus bNAbs for people with HIV and sensitivity to either teropavimab or zinlirvimab.","volume":"32","author":"Eron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jsc240017r128","first-page":"20","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of VRC07-523LS plus long-acting cabotegravir in the phase II ACTG A5357 trial [abstract 119].","volume":"32","author":"Taiwo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"jsc240017r17","author":"Avihingsanon","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r19","first-page":"57","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and PK of BIC\/FTC\/TAF in adults with HIV and tuberculosis on rifampicin at week 24 [abstract 211].","volume-title":"Top Antivir Ther","author":"Naidoo","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r28","author":"Pierre","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r29","author":"Sivile","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r41","author":"Bosch"},{"key":"jsc240017r56","year":"2023"},{"key":"jsc240017r68","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r81","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r97","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r103","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r105","year":"2024"},{"key":"jsc240017r129"},{"key":"jsc240017r9","unstructured":"Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry interim report for 1 January 1989\u201431 July 2023. Published 2024. Accessed June 4, 2024. https:\/\/www.apregistry.com\/forms\/exec-summary.pdf"},{"key":"jsc240017r11","unstructured":"ClinicalInfoHIV.gov. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Updated July 9, 2024. Accessed August 16, 2024. https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections\/whats-new"},{"key":"jsc240017r13","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Updated: September 28, 2022. Accessed November 9, 2022. https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections"},{"key":"jsc240017r25","unstructured":"University of Liverpool. HIV drug interactions. Accessed April 16, 2024. https:\/\/www.hiv-druginteractions.org\/drug_queries\/new"},{"key":"jsc240017r26","unstructured":"Toronto General Hospital. Drug interaction guide. Accessed April 16, 2024. https:\/\/hivclinic.ca\/app\/#drugInt"},{"key":"jsc240017r72","unstructured":"American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association. ASCVD risk estimator plus. Accessed May 28, 20234. https:\/\/tools.acc.org\/ascvd-risk-estimator-plus\/#!\/calculate\/estimate\/"},{"key":"jsc240017r75","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations for the use of statin therapy as primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with HIV. Updated February 27, 2024. Accessed June 11, 2024. https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-arv\/statin-therapy-people-hiv"},{"key":"jsc240017r87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) and the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. (AAAP). Clinical practice guideline on the management of stimulant use disorder. Published November 7, 2023. Accessed April 18, 2024. https:\/\/www.asam.org\/quality-care\/clinical-guidelines\/stimulant-use-disorders","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001299"},{"key":"jsc240017r89","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Syringe services programs. Updated: February 8, 2024. Accessed August 6, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/syringe-services-programs\/php\/index.html"},{"key":"jsc240017r90","unstructured":"New York State. Harm reduction delivered. Accessed August 6, 2024. https:\/\/oasas.ny.gov\/harm-reduction-delivered"},{"key":"jsc240017r94","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States\u20142021 update: a clinical practice guideline. Accessed April 18, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/risk\/prep\/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf"},{"key":"jsc240017r106","unstructured":"AETC National Coordinating Resources Center. National clinician consultation center. Accessed April 18, 2024. https:\/\/aidsetc.org\/aetc-program\/nccc"},{"key":"jsc240017r113","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The path that ends AIDS: 2023 UNAIDS global AIDS update. Accessed May 14, 2024. https:\/\/thepath.unaids.org\/"},{"key":"jsc240017r117","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2020: 2019 data. Accessed May 14, 2024. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/337037\/9789289055345-eng.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"jsc240017r123","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Political declaration on HIV and AIDS: ending inequalities and getting on track to end AIDS by 2030. Published June 9, 2021. Accessed May 14, 2024. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2021\/2021_political-declaration-on-hiv-and-aids"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2827545\/jama_gandhi_2024_sc_240017_1738864635.61227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T11:12:30Z","timestamp":1739877150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2827545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.24543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}}}