{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:54:38Z","timestamp":1793436878416,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240012-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 55 million people in the US and approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide are postmenopausal women. To inform clinical practice about the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern, the Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161\u202f808 postmenopausal US women (N\u2009=\u200968\u202f132 in the clinical trials) aged 50 to 79 years at baseline from 1993 to 1998, and followed them up for up to 20 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240012-2\">\n                    <jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The WHI clinical trial results do not support hormone therapy with oral conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate for postmenopausal women or conjugated equine estrogens alone for those with prior hysterectomy to prevent cardiovascular disease, dementia, or other chronic diseases. However, hormone therapy is effective for treating moderate to severe vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. These benefits of hormone therapy in early menopause, combined with lower rates of adverse effects of hormone therapy in early compared with later menopause, support initiation of hormone therapy before age 60 years for women without contraindications to hormone therapy who have bothersome menopausal symptoms. The WHI results do not support routinely recommending calcium plus vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention in all postmenopausal women. However, calcium and vitamin D are appropriate for women who do not meet national guidelines for recommended intakes of these nutrients through diet. A low-fat dietary pattern with increased fruit, vegetable, and grain consumption did not prevent the primary outcomes of breast or colorectal cancer but was associated with lower rates of the secondary outcome of breast cancer mortality during long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-jrv240012-3\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For postmenopausal women, the WHI randomized clinical trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases. Menopausal hormone therapy is appropriate to treat bothersome vasomotor symptoms among women in early menopause, without contraindications, who are interested in taking hormone therapy. The WHI evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D for menopausal women to prevent fractures or a low-fat diet with increased fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast or colorectal cancer. A potential role of a low-fat dietary pattern in reducing breast cancer mortality, a secondary outcome, warrants further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T11:12:56Z","timestamp":1714561976000},"page":"1748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["The Women\u2019s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"331","author":[{"given":"JoAnn E.","family":"Manson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn J.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques E.","family":"Rossouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan T.","family":"Chlebowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garnet L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia L.","family":"Stefanick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron K.","family":"Aragaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Cauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health|Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen L.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Z.","family":"LaCroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Science, University of Arizona, Tucson"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian L.","family":"Neuhouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kooperberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara V.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley F.","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo\u2013SUNY, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally A.","family":"Shumaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross L.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00078-0","article-title":"Design of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study.","volume":"19","author":"Women\u2019s Health Initiative Study Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv240012r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00043-7","article-title":"Implementation of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative study design.","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"jrv240012r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510243131703","article-title":"A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease.","volume":"313","author":"Stampfer","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"jrv240012r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/publhealth.1998.19.issue-1","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease, and other considerations.","volume":"19","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107053450106","article-title":"Clinical practice. Postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy.","volume":"345","author":"Manson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.1.47","article-title":"National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence.","volume":"291","author":"Hersh","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv240012r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-12-1038","article-title":"Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy.","volume":"117","author":"American College of Physicians","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv240012r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908033210505","article-title":"The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement.","volume":"321","author":"Bergkvist","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv240012r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-7002","article-title":"Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis, VII: meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.","volume":"23","author":"Shea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"jrv240012r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.18.2257","article-title":"Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"293","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053187","article-title":"Dietary fat and cancer: consistency of the epidemiologic data, and disease prevention that may follow from a practical reduction in fat consumption.","volume":"1","author":"Prentice","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv240012r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340603","article-title":"Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer\u2014a pooled analysis.","volume":"334","author":"Hunter","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv240012r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00048-6","article-title":"Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative.","volume":"13","author":"Curb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv240012r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00042-5","article-title":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative recruitment methods and results.","volume":"13","author":"Hays","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40695-021-00071-6","article-title":"Taking action to advance the study of race and ethnicity: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI).","volume":"8","author":"Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Womens Midlife Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv240012r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002028","article-title":"The hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society.","volume":"29","author":"Faubion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv240012r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv240012r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278040","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trials.","volume":"310","author":"Manson","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv240012r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.13.1465","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause.","volume":"297","author":"Rossouw","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv240012r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.103218","article-title":"Relationships of coronary heart disease with 27-hydroxycholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and menopausal hormone therapy.","volume":"126","author":"Rossouw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv240012r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31826f80e0","article-title":"Coronary heart disease events in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative hormone trials: effect modification by metabolic syndrome: a nested case-control study within the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized clinical trials.","volume":"20","author":"Wild","year":"2013","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv240012r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9482","article-title":"Association of menopausal hormone therapy with breast cancer incidence and mortality during long-term follow-up of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized clinical trials.","volume":"324","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"jrv240012r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1500","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women.","volume":"304","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"jrv240012r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji279","article-title":"Estrogen-plus-progestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trial.","volume":"97","author":"McTiernan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"24","key":"jrv240012r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3243","article-title":"Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trial.","volume":"289","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv240012r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.123","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer detection by means of mammography and breast biopsy.","volume":"168","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv240012r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032071","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.","volume":"350","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"jrv240012r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.7732","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.","volume":"30","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv240012r33","first-page":"108","article-title":"Continuous combined estrogen plus progestin and endometrial cancer: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trial.","volume":"108","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"24","key":"jrv240012r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2947","article-title":"Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women\u2019s Health Initiative Memory Study.","volume":"291","author":"Shumaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"jrv240012r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.7727","article-title":"Long-term effects on cognitive function of postmenopausal hormone therapy prescribed to women aged 50 to 55 years.","volume":"173","author":"Espeland","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv240012r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1701","article-title":"Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.","volume":"291","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"jrv240012r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11217","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trials.","volume":"318","author":"Manson","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv240012r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.382","article-title":"Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"305","author":"LaCroix","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv240012r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0274","article-title":"Menopausal estrogen-alone therapy and health outcomes in women with and without bilateral oophorectomy: a randomized trial.","volume":"171","author":"Manson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"jrv240012r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071513","article-title":"Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification.","volume":"356","author":"Manson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv240012r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70075-X","article-title":"Conjugated equine oestrogen and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: extended follow-up of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomised placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"jrv240012r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.14.1647","article-title":"Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy.","volume":"295","author":"Stefanick","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv240012r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00046-2","article-title":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D trial: overview and baseline characteristics of participants.","volume":"13","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv240012r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055218","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures.","volume":"354","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"jrv240012r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4270","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and health outcomes five years after active intervention ended: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative.","volume":"22","author":"Cauley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv240012r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055222","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.","volume":"354","author":"Wactawski-Wende","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"jrv240012r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp006","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D randomized controlled trial.","volume":"64","author":"LaCroix","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"jrv240012r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.673491","article-title":"Calcium\/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events.","volume":"115","author":"Hsia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv240012r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181d683b5","article-title":"Calcium\/vitamin D supplementation and coronary artery calcification in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative.","volume":"17","author":"Manson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003350","article-title":"Urinary tract stone occurrence in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial of calcium and vitamin D supplements.","volume":"94","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"jrv240012r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz107","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern among postmenopausal women influences long-term cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes outcomes.","volume":"149","author":"Prentice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"jrv240012r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0922","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality during the intervention and postintervention periods of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative dietary modification trial.","volume":"23","author":"Thomson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.39","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative dietary modification trial.","volume":"295","author":"Howard","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv240012r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.629","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of invasive breast cancer: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial.","volume":"295","author":"Prentice","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-022-06655-8","article-title":"Long-term dietary intervention influence on physical activity in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative dietary modification randomized trial.","volume":"195","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"13","key":"jrv240012r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00435","article-title":"Dietary modification and breast cancer mortality: long-term follow-up of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trial.","volume":"38","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv240012r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.643","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of colorectal cancer: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial.","volume":"295","author":"Beresford","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"jrv240012r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.0326","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and breast cancer mortality in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.","volume":"35","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"jrv240012r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01379-w","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and breast cancer mortality by metabolic syndrome components: a secondary analysis of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) randomised trial.","volume":"125","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"jrv240012r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.655","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial.","volume":"295","author":"Howard","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"jrv240012r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153270","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease: results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.","volume":"106","author":"Prentice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"20","key":"jrv240012r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm159","article-title":"Low-fat dietary pattern and cancer incidence in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative dietary modification randomized controlled trial.","volume":"99","author":"Prentice","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"jrv240012r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0534","article-title":"A low-fat dietary pattern and diabetes: a secondary analysis from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative dietary modification trial.","volume":"41","author":"Howard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"jrv240012r1","first-page":"C2020BR-06","author":"Blakeslee","year":"2023"},{"key":"jrv240012r3","first-page":"4","year":"1991"},{"key":"jrv240012r20","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Manson","year":"2018"},{"key":"jrv240012r51","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"key":"jrv240012r2","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank, open data: population, female, 2024. Accessed February 2, 2024. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2818206\/jama_manson_2024_rv_240012_1716416451.86386.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T14:04:24Z","timestamp":1716905064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2818206"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.6542","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}}}