{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:36:06Z","timestamp":1791513366180,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Although acid-suppressive medications are commonly prescribed during pregnancy, comprehensive studies on their association with neuropsychiatric disorders in children are limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate potential associations between prenatal exposure to acid-suppressive medication (histamine 2 [H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ] receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors [PPIs]) and neuropsychiatric disorders in children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study of mother-child pairs in the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database with births from January 2010 through December 2017, with follow-up of offspring through December 2023. Analyses were conducted using a propensity score\u2013based overlap-weighted cohort and a sibling-matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n \n Prenatal exposure to at least 1 prescription for a PPI or H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n receptor antagonist.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Offspring neuropsychiatric disorders identified via\n International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n codes, including attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability, severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 3\u202f012\u202f992 mother-child pairs initially identified, 2\u202f777\u202f119 were included, with 507\u202f845 pairs exposed to prenatal acid-suppressive medication and were followed up a mean of 10.3 (SD, 2.3) years. In the overlap-weighted cohort (403\u202f658 mother-child pairs exposed and 403\u202f659 pairs unexposed to an acid-suppressive medication), respective risks among offspring exposed vs not exposed were 4.85% vs 4.25% for ADHD, 1.45% vs 1.33% for ASD, 1.25% vs 1.09% for intellectual disability, 0.94% vs 0.81% for severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and 0.30% vs 0.27% for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the overlap-weighted cohort, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) following prenatal acid-suppressive medication exposure was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.12-1.17) for ADHD, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.11) for ASD, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09-1.18) for intellectual disability, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10-1.21) for severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.21) for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sibling-control analyses that included 157\u202f069 exposed and 164\u202f669 unexposed offspring revealed no significant associations between prenatal exposure and offspring outcomes. The adjusted HR for ADHD was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02); for ASD, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-1.04); intellectual disability, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95-1.09); severe neuropsychiatric disorder, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93-1.08); or obsessive-compulsive disorders, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.82-1.10).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Exposure to acid-suppressive medication during pregnancy was not associated with children\u2019s risk of ADHD, severe neuropsychiatric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, intellectual disability, or ASD in sibling-control analyses. Small associations were observed in overlap-weighted models; these may reflect confounding by shared familial factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.23956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T16:31:00Z","timestamp":1767803460000},"page":"609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Acid-Suppressive Medications and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Children"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"335","author":[{"given":"Seohyun","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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