{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:36:36Z","timestamp":1791502596526,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n For patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cough impairs quality of life; effective treatments for IPF-associated cough are needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine if nalbuphine extended release (ER), a \u03ba opioid receptor agonist and \u03bc-opioid receptor antagonist, decreases cough compared with placebo in patients with IPF-associated cough.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial conducted at 52 sites in 10 countries, patients with IPF, chronic cough for at least 8 weeks, and a Cough Severity Numerical Rating Scale (0, no cough; 10, worst possible cough) score of 4 or higher were enrolled from February 2024 to February 2025, with last follow-up in April 2025. Statistical analyses were conducted from May to August 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive nalbuphine ER at doses of 27 mg, 54 mg, or 108 mg or placebo twice daily for 6 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was the relative change from baseline in 24-hour cough frequency (coughs\/h), measured with a digital cough monitor, for nalbuphine ER compared with placebo at week 6. The key secondary outcome was the relative change from baseline in the patient-reported cough frequency (Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in IPF cough subscale; scores range from 0-4, lower scores indicate lesser cough frequency) at week 6.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 223 patients screened, 165 were randomized (42, 43, 40, and 40 to receive nalbuphine ER 27 mg, 54 mg, and 108 mg, and placebo, respectively) and 160 were included in the primary analysis (median age, 71 [range, 51-85] years; 28.5% female). The baseline mean (SD) cough count was 28.3 (27.4) coughs\/h. In the nalbuphine ER 27 mg, 54 mg, and 108 mg twice-daily groups, the mean relative decrease in the cough count and the absolute decrease in coughs\/h were 47.9% (from 24.6 to 11.9;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.008), 53.4% (from 28.0 to 14.9;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and 60.2% (from 31.5 to 11.9;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), respectively, compared with placebo (16.9%; from 29.4 to 28.1 coughs\/h). For the key secondary outcome of patient-reported cough frequency at week 6, the relative and absolute changes were \u221231.4% (from 2.3 to 1.5;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.14), \u221240.6% (from 2.6 to 1.4;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.004), and \u221240.2% (from 2.4 to 1.4;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.005) in the 27-mg, 54-mg, and 108-mg groups, respectively, compared with \u201321.9% (from 2.6 to 1.9) with placebo.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n For patients with IPF-associated chronic cough, all 3 doses of nalbuphine ER reduced objective cough frequency and the 2 higher doses improved patient-reported cough frequency at 6 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:\n NCT05964335<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.26179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:30:43Z","timestamp":1769099443000},"page":"1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral Nalbuphine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis\u2013Associated Cough"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"335","author":[{"given":"Philip L.","family":"Molyneaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Mogulkoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University Hospital, \u0130zmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Gunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Research and Training Center for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Doboszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurskie Centrum Chor\u00f3b P\u0142uc, Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mainz Lung Center, University Medical Center Mainz and Marienhaus Clinic Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blue","family":"Neustifter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimentiv, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MathurConsulting, Woodside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cassella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trevi Therapeutics, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CORAL Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mon M","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Thien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Veitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wheatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasreen","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Millaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Philteos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ryerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M","family":"Cartagena Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias R","family":"Florenzano Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana I de L","family":"Maturana Rozas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana R","family":"Pavie Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Saavedra Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Absalon R","family":"Silva Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco T","family":"Bonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hagmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Korn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc O","family":"Kornmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Seeliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Lacedonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Luppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Richeldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Vancheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Overbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rein","family":"Van Rijswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Wijsenbeek-Lourens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Damps-Konstanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Doboszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Necki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Nocen-Piskorowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Cifrian Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walther I","family":"Giron Matute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Molina-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Roldan Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Cilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"G\u00fcnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Mogulkoc Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihal A","family":"Mirici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Ocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baykal","family":"Tulek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Convery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Crawshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fiddler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Molyneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the CORAL Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"joi250122r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1255ST","article-title":"Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline.","volume":"198","author":"Raghu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"joi250122r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8338","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1908","article-title":"Mortality-related risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"joi250122r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202302-174OC","article-title":"The burden and impact of cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of the prospective observational PROFILE study.","volume":"20","author":"Saunders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"joi250122r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202311-2169LE","article-title":"Cough severity visual analog scale assesses cough burden and predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"209","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi250122r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02897-w","article-title":"The burden of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases: a systematic evidence synthesis.","volume":"25","author":"Green","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi250122r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.03.025","article-title":"Cough-specific quality of life predicts disease progression among patients with interstitial lung disease: data from the pulmonary fibrosis foundation patient registry.","volume":"162","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi250122r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202311-2101OC","article-title":"Epidemiology and prognostic significance of cough in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.","volume":"210","author":"Khor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"joi250122r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.3669","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease: a review.","volume":"331","author":"Maher","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi250122r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402584","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"370","author":"Richeldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi250122r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582","article-title":"A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"370","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"joi250122r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414108","article-title":"Nerandomilast in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"392","author":"Richeldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi250122r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.06.038","article-title":"Treatment of interstitial lung disease associated cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report.","volume":"154","author":"Birring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi250122r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-023-00666-y","article-title":"The therapeutic landscape in chronic cough.","volume":"202","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi250122r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01136-2019","article-title":"ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children.","volume":"55","author":"Morice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi250122r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300083","article-title":"Nalbuphine tablets for cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"2","author":"Maher","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"joi250122r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081123","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials.","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"joi250122r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.11.011","article-title":"Evaluation of a respiratory symptom diary for clinical studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"134","author":"Bacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi250122r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.4.339","article-title":"Development of a symptom specific health status measure for patients with chronic cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ).","volume":"58","author":"Birring","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"187","key":"joi250122r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79842-2","article-title":"Clinical cough IV: what is the minimal important difference for the Leicester Cough Questionnaire?","author":"Raj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi250122r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894221112517","article-title":"Normative values for the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in healthy individuals.","volume":"132","author":"Reynolds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"joi250122r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666211049743","article-title":"Validation of a visual analog scale for assessing cough severity in patients with chronic cough.","volume":"15","author":"Martin Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"joi250122r15","first-page":"481","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman\u2019s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Yaksh","year":"2011","edition":"12th ed"},{"key":"joi250122r23","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. The voice of the patient: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. March 2015. Accessed October 7, 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/about%20fda\/published\/The-Voice-of-the-Patient--Idiopathic-Pulmonary-Fibrosis.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2844186\/jama_molyneaux_2026_oi_250122_1773433849.94451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:00:43Z","timestamp":1774364443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2844186"}},"subtitle":["The CORAL Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.26179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]}}}