{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:47:55Z","timestamp":1792597675247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Childhood cancer risk after assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains uncertain, particularly by procedure and cancer type.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine associations between ART and childhood cancer overall and by ART modality and cancer type.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Population<\/jats:title>\n Nationwide Danish cohort of 1\u202f086\u202f136 live-born children from 1996 to 2012, of whom 37\u202f228 (3.4%) were conceived using ART, with follow-up through 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Maternal ART, classified as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or frozen embryo transfer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Incident childhood cancer. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs); Poisson models estimated incidence rates. Non-ART births were the primary reference; secondary analyses used children of women with a history of infertility and children conceived using IVF as reference groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n During a median follow-up of 20 years, 3736 cancers occurred. Compared with non-ART births (incidence rate, 18.3 per 100\u202f000 person-years), children conceived using ART had higher cancer incidence (incidence rate, 23.6 per 100\u202f000; HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.48]). Rates were higher after frozen embryo transfer (incidence rate, 41.1 per 100\u202f000; HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.45-3.29]) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (incidence rate, 27.9 per 100\u202f000; HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.16-1.89]) but not IVF (incidence rate, 18.5 per 100\u202f000; HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.79-1.28]). Frozen embryo transfer was associated with leukemia (incidence rate, 11.1 per 100\u202f000; HR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.06-5.28]), lymphomas (HR, 3.03 [95% CI, 1.13-8.12]), and soft tissue sarcomas (HR, 7.63 [95% CI, 2.82-20.62]); intracytoplasmic sperm injection was associated with lymphomas (incidence rate, 4.6 per 100\u202f000; HR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.07-3.54]), soft tissue sarcomas (incidence rate, 3.3 per 100\u202f000; HR, 3.28 [95% CI, 1.54-7.00]), and central nervous system neoplasms (incidence rate, 8.2 per 100\u202f000; HR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.04-2.57]); no associations were observed for IVF. Findings were similar in secondary analyses using children of women with a history of infertility and children conceived using IVF as reference groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n ART, particularly frozen embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, was associated with increased childhood cancer risk, but absolute risks were low. The consistent results in secondary analyses of children with maternal infertility history or conceived via IVF suggest that procedure-related, rather than infertility-related, factors warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.18862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:00:24Z","timestamp":1792594824000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood Cancer Risk After Assisted Reproductive Technology"],"prefix":"10.1001","author":[{"given":"Katrine","family":"Mose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne K.","family":"Kjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrine","family":"Grell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hargreave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"jbr260001r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2025.06.003","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2019.","volume":"124","author":"Dyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"22","key":"jbr260001r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18037","article-title":"Association between fertility treatment and cancer risk in 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technology.","volume":"137","author":"Reigstad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"jbr260001r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002554","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and risk of malignancy among offspring: a meta-analysis.","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"jbr260001r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9429","article-title":"Medically assisted reproduction and risk of cancer among offspring.","volume":"7","author":"Rios","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"jbr260001r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004078","article-title":"Cancer in children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a cohort study.","volume":"19","author":"Sargisian","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"jbr260001r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2487","article-title":"Epigenetic risks related to assisted reproductive technologies: risk analysis and epigenetic inheritance.","volume":"17","author":"De Rycke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"jbr260001r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29540-w","article-title":"DNA methylation in newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology.","volume":"13","author":"H\u00e5berg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"jbr260001r2","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Report of the Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for the IARC Monographs during 2025\u20132029. Published 2024. Accessed April 13, 2025. https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AGP_Report_2025-2029.pdf"},{"key":"jbr260001r4","unstructured":"Indenrigs-og Sundhedsministeriet. Danish Act on Assisted Reproduction in Connection With Medical Treatment, Diagnosis and Research, Etc. In Danish. Published August 23, 2019. Accessed June 19, 2026. https:\/\/www.retsinformation.dk\/eli\/lta\/2019\/902"},{"key":"jbr260001r5","unstructured":"Indenrigs-og Sundhedsministeriet. Act amending the Danish Act on Assisted Reproduction in Connection With Medical Treatment, Diagnosis and Research, Etc. In Danish. Published December 28, 2023. Accessed June 19, 2026. https:\/\/www.retsinformation.dk\/eli\/lta\/2023\/1780"},{"key":"jbr260001r6","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. ICCC Recode Third Edition ICD-O-3\/IARC 2017. SEER. Accessed June 26, 2025. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/iccc\/iccc-iarc-2017.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2855689\/jama_mose_2026_br_260001_1792517953.38757.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:00:25Z","timestamp":1792594825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2855689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2026.18862","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}}}