{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:11:53Z","timestamp":1793391113158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Current risk prediction guidelines for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predict only sudden cardiac death and are imperfect, leading to avoidable deaths and unnecessary implantable cardioverter defibrillators.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To combine prospectively collected clinical history, imaging, genetic, and biomarker data to improve risk prediction of adverse events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 2750 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were prospectively enrolled in the registry-based study from 44 sites in North America and Europe with expertise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Participants were enrolled from April 1, 2014, to April 7, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Patients underwent a health history questionnaire, blood sampling for biomarkers and genotyping, and contrast-enhanced CMR. Patients were followed up yearly by telephone and through records review regarding event documentation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The predefined composite adjudicated primary end point was time to first event for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy\u2013related deaths; nonfatal sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) requiring cardioversion or defibrillation; and left ventricular (LV) assist device implant or heart transplant. A secondary end point was a composite of sudden cardiac death and nonfatal VA events. The elastic-net method identified the most important predictors. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed associations with time to the first end point.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 2750 prospectively enrolled patients, 2698 (98%) had analyzable data after 9 were excluded because they had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenocopies and 43 withdrew. Of these remaining patients, 1919 (71%) were male, mean age was 50 years (SD, 11 years), and 423 (16%) were from underrepresented racial and minority groups. The mean follow-up was 6.9 years (SD, 2.1 years). The primary event model in 104 patients included LV scar as a percentage of LV mass by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.58-2.20;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), LV mass index (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03), LV end-systolic volume index (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12-1.46;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001 ), all per 10-unit increase, history of heart failure at study entry (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.75-4.77;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and log N-terminal pro\u2013B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17-1.70;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) level per log unit, (C index for all, 0.77). An LGE percentage of the LV mass of 9% or higher substantially increased the primary composite event rate (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.001). The secondary sudden cardiac death and VA risk factor model (in 69 patients) included LGE%, LV mass index, LV ejection fraction, and log(NT-proBNP) (C index, 0.76).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n These results provide prospective evidence for incorporating cardiac magnetic resonance and NT-proBNP in the evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:\n NCT01915615<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.5633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:30:30Z","timestamp":1778513430000},"page":"1959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"335","author":[{"name":"The HCMR Investigators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"DiMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milind Y.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn Y.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Y.","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarahfaye F.","family":"Dolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Desvigne-Nickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Schulz-Menger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charite\u00b4 Experimental Clinical Research Center and Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias G.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Maron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Men\u2019s Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Jerosch-Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Piechnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masliza","family":"Mahmod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytokinetics, Inc, South San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Baldassare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Chiribiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College, London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Helms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Bradlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth\u2019s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Heitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytokinetics, Inc, South San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidi A.","family":"Mohiddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Chest Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Plein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Madias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Mahrholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bucciarelli-Ducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus K.","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Weinsaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian\/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerry P.","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"van Rossum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd","family":"Germans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric E.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Geske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Flett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois-Pierre","family":"Mongeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Crean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali T.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Andre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Larose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore P.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison G.","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark V.","family":"Sherrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli V.","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif F.","family":"Nagueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Rimoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Elstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Autore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"joi260029r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1239","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001250","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC\/AMSSM\/HRS\/PACES\/SCMR guideline for the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.","volume":"149","author":"Ommen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"37","key":"joi260029r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies.","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi260029r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2413445","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"393","author":"Braunwald","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"joi260029r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0902923","article-title":"Inherited cardiomyopathies.","volume":"364","author":"Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi260029r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1391","article-title":"Enhanced American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association strategy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"4","author":"Maron","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi260029r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae507","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evolving management: American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology vs European Society of Cardiology guidelines.","volume":"46","author":"Bertero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"joi260029r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007094","article-title":"Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"130","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"joi260029r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.060","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and preserved systolic function.","volume":"72","author":"Mentias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"45","key":"joi260029r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad581","article-title":"Assessment of late gadolinium enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy improves risk stratification based on current guidelines.","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"14","key":"joi260029r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033200","article-title":"Genotype and lifetime burden of disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (SHaRe).","volume":"138","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"32","key":"joi260029r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht070","article-title":"Relation between serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"34","author":"Coats","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi260029r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.05.013","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy registry: the rationale and design of an international, observational study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"170","author":"Kramer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"joi260029r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1057","article-title":"Distinct subgroups in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the NHLBI HCM registry.","volume":"74","author":"Neubauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi260029r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-35","article-title":"Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) board of trustees task force on standardized post processing.","volume":"15","author":"Schulz-Menger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi260029r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.111.963819","article-title":"Intermediate-signal-intensity late gadolinium enhancement predicts ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"5","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"joi260029r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.018","article-title":"2014 ACC\/AHA key data elements and definitions for cardiovascular endpoint events in clinical trials: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards).","volume":"66","author":"Hicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi260029r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124117747303","article-title":"How many imputations do you need? a two-stage calculation using a quadratic rule.","volume":"49","author":"von Hippel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi260029r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x","article-title":"Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net.","volume":"67","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodolol"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi260029r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030437","article-title":"International external validation study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM).","volume":"137","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi260029r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf297","article-title":"Scar architecture as a structural biomarker of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a cardiac magnetic resonance study.","volume":"27","author":"Francia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"joi260029r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.07.005","article-title":"Quantitative late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance and sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Kiaos","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"14","key":"joi260029r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.055","article-title":"Significance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"62","author":"Kubo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"joi260029r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.04.040","article-title":"Usefulness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t to predict long-term outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"152","author":"Gommans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"joi260029r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.08.002","article-title":"Prognostic value of age-sex adjusted NT-proBNP ratio in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"74","author":"Hutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"joi260029r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.004","article-title":"B-type natriuretic peptide and survival in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"61","author":"Geske","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi260029r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2022.08.022","article-title":"Comparison of demographic, clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy prognosis: a network meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Georgiopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"joi260029r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.047","article-title":"Assessment and significance of left ventricular mass by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"52","author":"Olivotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"joi260029r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00720-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance predictors of heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the role of myocardial replacement fibrosis and the microcirculation.","volume":"23","author":"Raphael","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"24","key":"joi260029r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.045","article-title":"Outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.","volume":"75","author":"Rowin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi260029r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321853","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and low-normal left ventricular ejection fraction.","volume":"109","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"17","key":"joi260029r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044366","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the share registry.","volume":"141","author":"Marstrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"joi260029r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.03.029","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic importance of left ventricular apical aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"joi260029r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.090","article-title":"Long-term effects of surgical septal myectomy on survival in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"46","author":"Ommen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"joi260029r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.09.040","article-title":"Outcomes over follow-up =10 years after surgical myectomy for symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"163","author":"Maron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"joi260029r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.03.150","article-title":"Prediction of sudden death risk in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: potential for refinement of current criteria.","volume":"156","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"joi260029r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies","author":"Harrell","year":"2015","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"joi260029r20","volume-title":"Applied Survival Analysis","author":"Hosmer","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["JAMA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/articlepdf\/2848800\/jama_kramer_2026_oi_260029_1780326671.08089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:19:37Z","timestamp":1781018377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2848800"}},"subtitle":["The NHLBI HCM Registry"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2026.5633","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}}}