{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:32:01Z","timestamp":1791945121413,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Preoperative and perioperative nivolumab improve event-free survival in resectable non\u2013small cell lung cancer. The role of adjuvant nivolumab after upfront surgery is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine whether adjuvant nivolumab improves disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with resected non\u2013small cell lung cancer with any tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and in those with at least 50% PD-L1 expression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n This open-label, randomized phase 3 study enrolled participants from May 2016 through September 2019, with median follow-up of 72.6 months at the data cutoff in December 2025. The study was conducted at 378 centers in the US National Clinical Trials Network. Patients were identified through a screening trial. Those with resected tumors at least 4 cm and\/or who were lymph node positive (N1\/N2) were eligible for inclusion after completion of planned standard adjuvant therapy if the tumor was adenocarcinoma without sensitizing sequence variants in\n EGFR<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ALK<\/jats:italic>\n or squamous cell carcinoma.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive nivolumab 480 mg intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 1 year or standard care observation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Co\u2013primary end points were disease-free survival in the intention-to-treat population and in those with tumoral PD-L1 expression at least 50%. Overall survival was examined if the corresponding test of disease-free survival was statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 466 patients (median age, 66 years; 241 [52%] male) were assigned to receive nivolumab and 469 (median age, 67 years; 245 [52%] male) to undergo standard care observation. The median duration of follow-up was 72.6 months. The trial was stopped for futility at 78% information. In the intention-to-treat population, median disease-free survival was 71.3 months with nivolumab and 68.8 months with observation (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.97 [97% CI, 0.79-1.20]; [95% CI, 0.81-1.17]; 1-sided\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.39). In the subset of participants with PD-L1 of at least 50%, median disease-free survival was 89.8 months with nivolumab and 78.5 months with observation (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.86 [98% CI, 0.55-1.34]; [95% CI, 0.59-1.25]; 1-sided\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.22).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n Adjuvant nivolumab was not associated with improved disease-free survival in patients with resected non\u2013small cell lung cancer without sensitizing\n EGFR<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ALK<\/jats:italic>\n alterations when given after planned adjuvant chemotherapy and\/or radiotherapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:\n NCT02595944<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.8992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:30:16Z","timestamp":1780342216000},"page":"464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adjuvant Nivolumab vs Observation in Resected Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"336","author":[{"given":"Jamie E.","family":"Chaft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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