{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:53:44Z","timestamp":1791107624528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccine development to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been impeded by the uncertainty over whether maternal immunity protects the fetus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether the presence of maternal antibodies to CMV significantly reduces the risk of congenital CMV infection in future pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study of 3461 multiparous women from a population with a high rate of congenital CMV infection who delivered newborns screened for congenital CMV infection between 1993 and 1998, and whose cord serum specimen from a previous delivery could be retrieved and tested for antibody to CMV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital CMV infection according to maternal immune status, age, race, parity, and socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 604 newborns born to initially seronegative mothers, congenital CMV infection occurred in 18 (3.0%). In contrast, of 2857 newborns born to immune mothers, congenital CMV infection occurred in 29 (1.0%) Two factors, preconception maternal immunity (adjusted risk ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.58) and maternal age of 25 years or older (adjusted risk ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.49), were highly protective against congenital CMV infection. No other factors were associated with a reduction in the risk of congenital CMV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Naturally acquired immunity results in a 69% reduction in the risk of congenital CMV infection in future pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.8.1008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T15:05:58Z","timestamp":1047999958000},"page":"1008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":366,"title":["Maternal Immunity and Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"289","author":[{"given":"Karen B.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Stagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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