{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:06:06Z","timestamp":1786975566240,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T11:06:35Z","timestamp":1588676795000},"page":"1020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":323,"title":["Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Research, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Department, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Nowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Anjewierden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres E.","family":"Carmona-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Procop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Milinovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars G.","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Jehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina K.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"hoi200036r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019.","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hoi200036r2","article-title":"An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time.","author":"Dong","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6965","key":"hoi200036r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus.","volume":"426","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"hoi200036r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000124667.34652.1a","article-title":"Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors.","volume":"43","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"20","key":"hoi200036r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.","volume":"111","author":"Ferrario","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"hoi200036r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760","article-title":"Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"382","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hoi200036r7","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.","author":"Wu","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"hoi200036r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","article-title":"Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"hoi200036r9","article-title":"Re: Preventing a COVID-19 pandemic: ACE inhibitors as a potential risk factor for fatal COVID-19.","author":"Sommerstein","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"hoi200036r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury.","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"hoi200036r11","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.","author":"Gurwitz","journal-title":"Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"hoi200036r12","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and renin angiotensin system blockers.","author":"Bavishi","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"hoi200036r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.21037\/atm","article-title":"Extracting and utilizing electronic health data from Epic for research.","volume":"6","author":"Milinovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"hoi200036r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support.","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"hoi200036r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners.","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"8","key":"hoi200036r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"147","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"hoi200036r17","first-page":"250","article-title":"Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights.","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"hoi200036r18","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).","author":"Guo","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"hoi200036r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Anti-hypertensive angiotensin II receptor blockers associated to mitigation of disease severity in elderly COVID-19 patients.","author":"Liu","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.20.20039586"},{"key":"hoi200036r20","article-title":"Individual variation of the SARS-CoV2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation.","author":"Chen"}],"container-title":["JAMA Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamacardiology\/articlepdf\/2770523\/jamacardiology_mehta_2020_oi_200036_1599683738.19774.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T13:05:01Z","timestamp":1600261501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamacardiology\/fullarticle\/2770523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-6583"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-6583","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}