{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1790996911683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies of professional basketball athletes have characterized manifestations of athletic remodeling by echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) in males and echocardiography in females. There is a paucity of female, basketball-specific ECG data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To generate reference range ECG data for female professional basketball athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study of ECGs performed on female professional basketball athletes. The Women\u2019s National Basketball Association mandates annual preseason ECGs and echocardiograms for each athlete and has partnered with Columbia University Irving Medical Center to annually review these studies. Data for this study were collected during preseason ECG and echocardiography cardiac screening between April and May 2022. Data analysis was performed between February and July 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-7\"><jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athlete ECGs and echocardiograms were sent to Columbia University Irving Medical Center for core lab analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative ECG variables were measured. ECG data were qualitatively analyzed for training-related and abnormal findings using the International Recommendations for Electrocardiographic Interpretation in Athletes. Findings from ECGs were compared with corresponding echocardiographic data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were a total of 173 athletes (mean [SD] age 26.5 [4.1] years; mean [SD] height, 183.4 [9.1] cm; mean [SD] body surface area, 2.0 [0.2] m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), including 129 Black athletes (74.5%) and 40 White athletes (23.1%). By international criteria, 136 athletes (78.6%) had training-related ECG changes and 8 athletes (4.6%) had abnormal ECG findings. Among athletes with at least 1 training-related ECG finding, left ventricular structural adaptations associated with athletic remodeling were present in 64 athletes (47.1%). Increased relative wall thickness, reflecting concentric left ventricular geometry, was more prevalent in athletes with the repolarization variant demonstrating convex ST elevation combined with T-wave inversions in leads V1 to V4 (6 of 12 athletes [50.0%]) than in athletes with early repolarization (5 of 42 athletes [11.9%]) (odds ratio, 7.40; 95% CI, 1.71-32.09; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). Abnormal ECG findings included T-wave inversions (3 athletes [1.7%]), Q waves (2 athletes [1.2%]), prolonged QTc interval (2 athletes [1.2%]), and frequent premature ventricular contractions (1 athlete [0.6%]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hbr240001-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study provides reference ECG data for elite female basketball athletes. International criteria\u2013defined training-related findings were common, whereas abnormal ECG findings were rare in this athlete group. These reference data may assist basketball programs and health care professionals using ECGs in screening for female athletes and may be used as a stimulus for future female-specific ECG inquiries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.0207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T15:00:55Z","timestamp":1710946855000},"page":"475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Electrocardiographic Findings in Female Professional Basketball Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Lander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eamon Y.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Hennessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Tolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Bohnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Danielian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Las Vegas Heart Associates\u2013Affiliated With Mountain View Hospital, Las Vegas, Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit B.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marci","family":"Goolsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morristown Medical Center, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dermot","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Cardiology Center, Atrium Health Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"hbr240001r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.003","article-title":"Exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptations and approach to 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