{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:06:48Z","timestamp":1790384808698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US. However, it remains unclear how the burden of cardiovascular events in the US compares with that of other high-income countries with distinct health care systems like Denmark, both overall and by income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare cardiovascular hospitalization rates (acute myocardial infarction [MI], heart failure [HF], ischemic stroke) and associated outcomes among adults 65 years or older, overall and by income, between the US and Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This population-based cross-sectional study used national data from the US and Denmark from January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2022. The study population included all Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older in the US and all adults 65 years or older in Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-7\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome was age- and sex-standardized hospitalization rates for MI, HF, and ischemic stroke, as well as 30-day all-cause mortality rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-8\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The US study population included 58\u202f614\u202f110 adults 65 years or older (mean [SE] age, 74.6 [7.7] years; 32\u202f179\u202f146 female [54.9%]) of whom 1\u202f171\u202f058 (2.0%) were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event. The Danish study population included 1\u202f176\u202f542 adults 65 years or older (mean [SE] age, 75.3 [7.1] years; 634\u202f217 female [53.9%]) of whom 16\u202f305 (1.4%) were hospitalized with a cardiovascular event. The overall age- and sex-standardized cardiovascular hospitalization rate was significantly higher in the US compared with Denmark (risk ratio [RR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.47-1.52), as were associated 30-day all-cause mortality rates (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17). Across conditions, the risk of hospitalization for MI (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.51-1.61) and HF (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.31-2.43) was significantly higher in the US compared with Denmark, whereas hospitalizations for ischemic stroke were lower (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88-0.93). Overall cardiovascular hospitalization rates in the US were more than 2-fold higher among low-income adults compared with higher-income adults (RR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.25-2.47), whereas the magnitude of income-based disparities was smaller in Denmark (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.50).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-hoi240088-9\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this international cross-sectional study, cardiovascular hospitalization rates were significantly higher in the US compared with Denmark. There were income-based differences in the burden of cardiovascular hospitalizations in both countries, although the magnitude of these disparities was much greater in the US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.5303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T16:01:06Z","timestamp":1738771266000},"page":"351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cardiovascular Hospitalizations Among Older Adults in the US and Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Frederikke Held","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats C. 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