{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:29:44Z","timestamp":1780399784822,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.5125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T16:47:52Z","timestamp":1640796472000},"page":"167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Risk of All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and Cancer Mortality in Patients With Bullous Pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Wan-Chieh","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Shan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chi","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.2009.161.issue-4","article-title":"Incidence of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus in Switzerland: a 2-year prospective study.","volume":"161","author":"Marazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi210069r2","first-page":"434","article-title":"Prospective analysis of the incidence of autoimmune bullous disorders in Lower Franconia, Germany.","volume":"7","author":"Bertram","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.2005.153.issue-2","article-title":"Annual incidence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in the Grampian Region of North-east Scotland.","volume":"153","author":"Gudi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"doi210069r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.35","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in France.","volume":"132","author":"Joly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.02.030","article-title":"Incidence of bullous pemphigoid and mortality of patients with bullous pemphigoid in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1960 through 2009.","volume":"71","author":"Brick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7662","key":"doi210069r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a180","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris\u2014incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study.","volume":"337","author":"Langan","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20199007","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid.","volume":"94","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r8","first-page":"72","article-title":"Mortality in patients with bullous pemphigoid: a retrospective cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"99","author":"Kridin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"doi210069r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.2014.170.issue-6","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Singapore: risk factors and causes of death in 359 patients seen at the National Skin Centre.","volume":"170","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12243","article-title":"Specific causes of death in patients with bullous pemphigoid as measured by death certificate data: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"54","author":"Barrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.006","article-title":"Association of bullous pemphigoid with malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"77","author":"Atzmony","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi210069r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.2019.180.issue-3","article-title":"Cancer is not a risk factor for bullous pemphigoid: 10-year population-based cohort study.","volume":"180","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13079","article-title":"Malignancies in bullous pemphigoid: a controversial association.","volume":"43","author":"Balestri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.11.013","article-title":"Validation and comparison of the 2003 and 2016 diastolic functional assessments for cardiovascular mortality in a large single-center cohort.","volume":"33","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0963","article-title":"Association between preoperative blood glucose level and hospital length of stay for patients undergoing appendectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.","volume":"44","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi210069r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.37796\/2211-8039.1267","article-title":"Electronic medical record-based deep data cleaning and phenotyping improve the diagnostic validity and mortality assessment of infective endocarditis: Medical Big Data Initiative of CMUH.","volume":"11","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMedicine"},{"key":"doi210069r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-152","article-title":"Comparisons of medical utilizations and categorical diagnoses of emergency visits between the elderly with catastrophic illness certificates and those without.","volume":"13","author":"Nan-Ping","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"doi210069r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1587","article-title":"Association between medication use and bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"156","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxy040","article-title":"Missing data and prediction: the pattern submodel.","volume":"21","author":"Fletcher Mercaldo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12065","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in the first year after diagnosis: a retrospective study in a Spanish medical centre.","volume":"28","author":"Gual","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.2994","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in China.","volume":"149","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.1.13","article-title":"Mortality and comorbidity profiles of patients with bullous pemphigoid in Korea.","volume":"30","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.006","article-title":"Mortality of patients with bullous pemphigoid in Korea.","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"doi210069r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1772-x","article-title":"Mortality in bullous pemphigoid and prognostic factors in 1st and 3rd year of follow-up in specialized centre in Poland.","volume":"309","author":"Kalinska-Bienias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.2011.165.issue-2","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Switzerland: a prospective study.","volume":"165","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.022","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid: an evaluation of 223 patients and comparison with the mortality in the general population in the United States.","volume":"59","author":"Parker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1906","article-title":"Treatment and mortality rate of bullous pemphigoid in China: a hospital-based study.","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000345625","article-title":"Mortality rate in bullous pemphigoid: a retrospective monocentric cohort study.","volume":"225","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"doi210069r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.4.465","article-title":"High risk of death in elderly patients with extensive bullous pemphigoid.","volume":"134","author":"Roujeau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"doi210069r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.020180","article-title":"Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study.","volume":"90","author":"Souverein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"doi210069r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3066","article-title":"The association between bullous pemphigoid and neurological disorders: a systematic review.","volume":"27","author":"Milani-Nejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"830","key":"doi210069r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.70.830.863","article-title":"Corticosteroids: do they damage the cardiovascular system?","volume":"70","author":"Maxwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi210069r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","article-title":"Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study.","volume":"52","author":"Maradit-Kremers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"doi210069r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12313","article-title":"Association between steroid dosage and death with a functioning graft after kidney transplantation.","volume":"13","author":"Opelz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311279","article-title":"Association between chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"104","author":"Baena-D\u00edez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi210069r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.11.010","article-title":"BPAG1 isoform-b: complex distribution pattern in striated and heart muscle and association with plectin and alpha-actinin.","volume":"316","author":"Steiner-Champliaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"doi210069r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009465","article-title":"Hearts of dystonia musculorum mice display normal morphological and histological features but show signs of cardiac stress.","volume":"5","author":"Boyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"doi210069r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670250072011","article-title":"Pemphigoid and cancer.","volume":"126","author":"Lindel\u00f6f","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"doi210069r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.5263","article-title":"Association of bullous pemphigoid and malignant neoplasms.","volume":"151","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"doi210069r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.2.336","article-title":"Accuracy of cause-of-death coding in Taiwan: types of miscoding and effects on mortality statistics.","volume":"29","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"doi210069r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826155719","volume-title":"Intervention Research and Evidence-Based Quality Improvement: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding.","author":"Melnyk","year":"2018","edition":"Second ed"}],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/articlepdf\/2787674\/jamadermatology_shen_2021_oi_210069_1643827826.2241.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T16:06:42Z","timestamp":1645027602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamadermatology\/fullarticle\/2787674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.5125","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}